Loyola Economic Outlook: Proyecciones macroeconómicas (Primavera 2018)

Informe de primavera de 2018 de Loyola Economic Outlook con las previsiones económicas a nivel internacional, español y andaluz

Antimicrobial Resistance among Campylobacter Strains, United States, 1997–2001

We summarize antimicrobial resistance surveillance data in human and chicken isolates of Campylobacter. Isolates were from a sentinel county study from 1989 through 1990 and from nine state health departments participating in National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for enteric bacteria (NARMS) from 1997 through 2001. None of the 297 C. jejuni or C. coli isolates tested from 1989 through 1990 was ciprofloxacin-resistant. From 1997 through 2001, a total of 1,553 human Campylobacter isolates were characterized: 1,471 (95%) were C. jejuni, 63 (4%) were C. coli, and 19 (1%) were other Campylobacter species. The prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter was 13% (28 of 217) in 1997 and 19% (75 of 384) in 2001; erythromycin resistance was 2% (4 of 217) in 1997 and 2% (8 of 384) in 2001. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter was isolated from 10% of 180 chicken products purchased from grocery stores in three states in 1999. Ciprofloxacin resistance has emerged among Campylobacter since 1990 and has increased in prevalence since 1997

Prevalencia de esofagitis eosinofílica: estudio multicéntrico en población pediátrica evaluada en 36 centros de gastroenterología de América Latina

Introducción y objetivo: La esofagitis eosinofílica es una enfermedad crónica, mediada inmunológicamente, descrita en series y publicaciones alrededor del mundo. En los últimos 20 años diversos estudios han intentado evaluar la incidencia y prevalencia de la enfermedad. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estimar la prevalencia de esofagitis eosinofílica en un grupo de niños atendidos en 36 centros de gastroenterología pediátrica de 10 países latinoamericanos. Materiales y métodos: A través de un protocolo multicéntrico, observacional y transversal se estimó la prevalencia de período de esofagitis eosinofílica entre los niños atendidos en consulta externa y sometidos a endoscopia superior diagnóstica por cualquier motivo en 36 centros de 10 países latinoamericanos durante un período de 3 meses. Resultados: Entre abril y junio de 2016 108 casos de esofagitis eosinofílica fueron evaluados. Asimismo, un promedio de 29,253 consultas ambulatorias y 4,152 endoscopias superiores de carácter diagnóstico fueron realizadas en los 36 centros participantes. La tasa de prevalencia de esofagitis eosinofílica en la población estudiada (n = 29,253) fue de 3,69 casos × 1,000 (IC 95%: 3.04 a 4.44) y entre los niños sometidos a endoscopia superior de rutina (n = 4,152) fue de 26 x 1,000 (IC 95%: 22.6 a 29.4). Conclusión: La tasa general de prevalencia de período de esofagitis eosinofílica en un grupo de niños evaluados en 36 centros latinoamericanos de gastroenterología pediátrica resultó de 3,69 × 1,000, y entre aquellos sometidos a endoscopia fue de 26 × 1,000. La prevalencia mostró una importante variabilidad entre los países y centros participantes. Este es el primer estudio de prevalencia de esofagitis eosinofílica pediátrica en Latinoamérica. Abstract: Introduction and objective: Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic, immune-mediated disease described in case series and publications worldwide. Over the past twenty years, the authors of different studies have attempted to evaluate its incidence and prevalence. The objetive of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in a group of children seen at 36 pediatric gastroenterology centers in ten Latin American countries. Materials and methods: A multicenter, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted that estimated the period prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in children seen at outpatient consultation and that underwent diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for any indication at 36 centers in 10 Latin American countries, within a 3-month time frame. Results: Between April and June 2016, 108 cases of eosinophilic esophagitis were evaluated. Likewise, an average of 29,253 outpatient consultations and 4,152 diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopies were carried out at the 36 participating centers. The period prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in the population studied (n = 29,253) was 3.69 cases × 1,000 (95% CI: 3.04 to 4.44), and among the children that underwent routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (n = 4,152), it was 26 x 1,000 (95% CI: 22.6 to 29.4). Conclusions: The general period prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in a group of children evaluated at 36 Latin American pediatric gastroenterology centers was 3.69 × 1,000, and in the children that underwent endoscopy, it was 26 × 1,000. There was important prevalence variability between the participating countries and centers. The present analysis is the first study conducted on the prevalence of pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis in Latin America. Palabras clave: Esofagitis, Eosinofílica, Niños, Prevalencia, Latinoamérica, Keywords: Esophagitis, Eosinophilic, Children, Prevalence, Latin Americ

Delayed intracerebral hemorrhage after ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion: case report and literature review

Presentamos un caso de hemorragia intracerebral tardía tras la colocación de una derivación ventriculoperitoneal. Una paciente de 64 años de edad, con hidrocefalia secundaria a una hemorragia subaracnoidea, sufre una hemorragia intraparenquimatosa occipital derecha con hemorragia intraventricular secundaria seis días después de la intervención quirúrgica. Se trata de una complicación rara de la derivación ventriculoperitoneal, con pocos casos publicados anteriormente. El mecanismo supuesto es la erosión de un vaso sanguíneo secundaria a un íntimo contacto con el catéter proximal de la derivación; trastornos sanguíneos, malformaciones vasculares cerebrales, traumatismo craneal o tumor cerebral fueron excluidos en esta pacient

Genome size determination in chagas disease transmitting bugs (Hemiptera-Triatominae) by flow cytometry

Because information about genome size in triatomines is scarce and contradictory, we performed DNA quantification by flow cytometry in 13 species belonging to five genera (Dipetalogaster, Eratyrus, Panstrongylus, Rhodnius, and Triatoma) to infer overall tendencies and phylogenetic associations. The results show that the haploid DNA content of the subfamily Triatominae varies nearly 4-fold, from < 0.7 pg in Rhodnius species (0.6 x 10(9) bp) to 2.7 pg in Triatoma delpontei (2.6 x 10(9) bp). Considering that triatomines present similar chromosome numbers, we suggest that genome size differences are the result of variation in the quantity of repetitive DNA sequences localized in hetero and euchromatin. Changes in heterochromatin are particularly important when considering populations or closely related specie

Loss Of COP9-signalosome genes Aa 2q37 is associated with IMiD agent resistance in multiple myeloma

The acquisition of a multi-drug refractory state is a major cause of mortality in myeloma. Myeloma drugs that target the Cereblon (CRBN) protein include widely-used immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), and newer CRBN E3 ligase modulator drugs (CELMoDs), in clinical trials. CRBN genetic disruption causes resistance and poor outcomes with IMiDs. Here we investigate alternative genomic associations of IMiD resistance, using large whole genome sequencing patient datasets (n=522 cases) at newly diagnosed, lenalidomide (LEN)-refractory and lenalidomide-then-pomalidomide (LEN-then-POM)-refractory timepoints. Selecting gene targets reproducibly identified by published CRISPR/shRNA IMiD resistance screens, we found little evidence of genetic disruption by mutation associated with IMiD resistance. However, we identified a chromosome region, 2q37, containing COP9-signalosome members COPS7b and COPS8, copy loss of which significantly enriches between newly-diagnosed (incidence 5.5%), LEN-refractory (10.0%) and LEN-then-POM-refractory states (16.4%), and may adversely affect outcomes when clonal fraction is high. In a separate dataset (50 patients) with sequential samples taken throughout treatment, we identified acquisition of 2q37 loss in 16% cases with IMiD exposure, but none in cases without IMiD exposure. The COP9 signalosome is essential for maintenance of the CUL4-DDB1-CRBN E3 Ubiquitin Ligase. This region may represent a novel marker of IMiD resistance with clinical utility

Etnografía de los confines

Estudiosa durante varias décadas de distintos grupos indígenas en México, Honduras y el extremo sur de Argentina y Chile, Anne Chapman ha dedicado su vida a una labor que conjuga las diferentes disciplinas antropológicas (etnografía, lingüítica, arquelogía e historia) en un objetivo común : guardar en el repositorio de la memoria humana el testimonio cultural de los pueblos en la voz deloz propios involucrados. Sus andanzas han fructificado en una multitud de artículos y libros publicados en varios idiomas, así como en fonogramas, cortometrajes y exposiciones de fotografías. Con el mismo rigor y claridad que su colega, quince autores participan en este libro refiriendo cada uno sus muy personales andazas. Los ensayos representan valiosas aportaciones a una antropología latinoamericana que tiene como referente fundamental la obra de Anne Chapman y son a la vez invitaciones para retomar la lectura de una de las investigadoras más originales e influyentes en su campo. Este libro busca ir más allá del mero homenaje, constituye el testimonio de una pasión desbordada en andanzas que conducen a los confines más diversos y desconcertantes