Developing an Anti-Racist Practice in Occupational Therapy: Guidance for the Occupational Therapist

A strong anti-racist practice is critical for occupational therapists who represent an overwhelmingly white and female workforce yet serve people from all ethnic and racial backgrounds. These therapists are commonly unprepared to work with a racially diverse clientele because of a lack of reflective and critical practice grounded in anti-racism. This article provides some critical literature about race and racism in occupational science. We present important concepts for therapists to deepen their understanding of anti-racist practice, including intersectionality, agent and target groups, and equity and equality. We then explore some critical theoretical frameworks that can help conceptualize anti-racist practice, such as cycle of socialization, the 4 I’s of oppression, window of tolerance, systems theory, cultural humility, and somatic racism. We conclude with intervention strategies informed by these frameworks that therapists can use to strengthen their anti-racist practice. These interventions include journaling, race caucusing, deepening relationships, deep listening, body awareness, and somatic healing. We hope that these concepts, critical frameworks, and intervention strategies can help occupational therapists develop a sustained anti-racist practice that will greatly benefit and support the people they serve

The Mediating Role of Payout in the Relationship Between Private Foundations and Grantee Organizations\u27 Financial Health

Although private foundations are assumed to be beneficial, their impact on grantee organizations is not well understood. This quantitative research explored how private, nonoperating foundations influence grantees\u27 financial capacity to pursue their missions. Principal-agent theory was applied to rationalize foundations\u27 social good purpose, along with subsidy theory of public charities\u27 need for capital accumulation, thus comprising a unique framework for identifying pathways of relationships amongst influencer variables of foundations\u27 operating characteristics; the outcome of grantees\u27 months of unrestricted, liquid net assets (MULNA); and the mediator of foundations\u27 payout rate. Multiple regression and indirect effects analyses of data on 612 cases from NCCS and tax returns revealed that the sector focus and characteristics of certain types of funders (i.e., oldest, largest, smallest, volunteer and professionally staffed, aggressive and average charitable spenders, and arts-focused foundations) affected payout behavior. In addition, large foundations\u27 payout rate influenced MULNA, especially among financially strong grantees. Finally, payout mediated the association between age and MULNA among the largest foundations, and between sector focus and MULNA among the oldest foundations. This research contributes to the discourse on foundations\u27 effectiveness in three ways: (a) associations were significant among segmented data, thus affirming the usefulness of examining specific types of foundations; (b) wealth distribution by the largest and oldest foundations was of tangible importance to their grantees, knowledge of which can be used in grant decision making and in informing policies on payout; and (c) principal-agent theory can be applied to hold foundations accountable to public interests

A Mani-Pedi-Anti-Counter-FESTO for Queer Screen Production Practice

In this audiovisual essay, four practitioner-academics seek to identify and address the need to reimagine queer screen production. Traditional heteronormative storytelling dominates the screen production landscape, necessitating a challenge to create more inclusive and diverse narratives. Through the creation of a manifesto essay film, the researchers collectively reflect on their creative practices, synthesize their approaches, and develop a new vision for queer screen production. The result demonstrates the value of embracing: sustainable practices, queer kinship-making as filmmaking, alternatives to hegemonic forms, queer shame, queer failure, eternal adolescence, and the disruption of the ever-forward momentum (among other approaches). Manifesto-making as a method encourages creative practitioners to question the status quo of screen production contexts and strategies, and to think critically about the storytelling norms in broader creative practice. The researchers argue that such an approach can enable creative practitioners to pave the way for new, innovative collaborations and contribute to a more inclusive and diverse creative landscape. This film enacts the opportunities that arise when considering the spectrum of screen production in broader, ‘queerer’, ways, through notions of kinship-making, polyphony and the ‘queer art of failure’ (Halberstam 2011). The disruption of dominant narrative models can be considered in the context of queer theory’s critiques of heteronormative temporality, asking how queer approaches to narrative construction might challenge the heteronormative markers of success and happiness, or what Elizabeth Freeman calls ‘chrononormativity’ (2010). Using ‘manifesto as method’, the film combines the authors’ separate practices in filmmaking, screenwriting, mobile media and documentary in ways that deviate from mainstream categorisations, production hierarchies and workflows

Friendship groups and physical activity: qualitative findings on how physical activity is initiated and maintained among 10–11 year old children

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Many youth physical activity interventions have minimal effect. To design better interventions we need to understand more about the factors that influence youth activity. Application of self-determination theory to youth physical activity, particularly the relatedness and competence, might suggest that friends and friendship groups influence the initiation and maintenance of youth physical activity. In this study we examined this issue.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Seventeen focus groups were conducted with 113, 10–11 year old children, from 11 primary schools in Bristol, UK. Focus groups examined: 1) the nature of children's friendship groups; 2) associations between physical activity and social group status; and 3) how friendship groups affect the initiation and maintenance of physical activity. All focus groups were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using content analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Participants reported that there were three different types of friendship groups; School friends; Neighborhood friends; and Other Friends who were friends from organized activities or children of their parents' friends. Participants had multiple groups of friends and engaged in different activities with the different groups. Possessing several groups of friends was desirable as it kept the friendships fresh and interesting. Physical activity was perceived as a positive attribute and linked to social status among boys. Among girls the association between physical activity ability and social status was more complex, appearing to differ by the norms of the group to which participants belonged. Some participants reported that low activity ability could be perceived as desirable in some social groups. Participants reported that friends provide support to initiate physical activity via co-participation (i.e. engaging in activity together); modeling of being active; and providing verbal support to engage in activity. Enjoyment was the most important factor in maintaining activity participation with participating in activity with friends a key factor influencing enjoyment.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Friendship groups affect both the initiation and maintenance of youth physical activity. Children belong to several groups and engage in different activities with different groups. Simple strategies that aim to promote physical activity via the different friendship groups could be an effective means of promoting increased physical activity in young people.</p

Efecto de una plataforma virtual en comprensión de lectura y vocabulario: Una alternativa para mejorar las capacidades lectoras en primaria

Frente a los bajos resultados que los niños peruanos obtienen en las pruebas nacionales e internacionales de comprensión de lectura y tomando en consideración el aumento de inversión en tecnología en las instituciones educativas del país, el presente estudio buscó desarrollar y evaluar una herramienta virtual para mejorar la comprensión de lectura. Para ello, se adaptaron las estrategias de comprensión de lectura y ejercicios de vocabulario del entorno virtual ICON y se diseñó la plataforma LEO. Un total de 88 estudiantes de quinto grado de primaria, provenientes de colegios privados de nivel socioeconómico medio-bajo de Lima Metropolitana, participaron en este estudio cuasi-experimental, con un grupo control y un grupo que participó en la intervención digital a lo largo de 12 semanas. Todos los participantes fueron evaluados utilizando pruebas de entrada y salida de comprensión de lectura y vocabulario. Los resultados revelaron que los estudiantes que interactuaron con la plataforma LEO obtuvieron resultados significativamente más altos en la comprensión de textos narrativos y vocabulario luego de finalizada la intervención, respecto a sus puntajes al inicio de la misma y también en comparación con el grupo que no empleó la plataforma. "Effects of a virtual platform in reading comprehension and vocabulary: An alternative to improve reading abilities in Elementary school" Given, on the one hand, the poor results obtained by Peruvian children in the national and international reading assessments. And on the other hand, the increased investment in technology for schools in the country, this study aimed to develop and test an online tool to improve reading comprehension. In order to do this, the reading comprehension strategies and vocabulary activities from the research-based digital environment ICON were adapted to design the platform LEO. A total of 88 fifth graders from urban middle-to-low-income private schools from Lima participated in this quasi-experimental study, which involved a control group and a treatment group that participated in a 12-week teacher-mediated digital intervention. All participants were administered reading and vocabulary assessments pre and post intervention. Results revealed that students who participated in the intervention achieved higher comprehension scores for narrative texts and higher vocabulary scores than those of the control group

Simulation-Based Calibration Checking for Bayesian Computation: The Choice of Test Quantities Shapes Sensitivity

Simulation-based calibration checking (SBC) is a practical method to validate computationally-derived posterior distributions or their approximations. In this paper, we introduce a new variant of SBC to alleviate several known problems. Our variant allows the user to in principle detect any possible issue with the posterior, while previously reported implementations could never detect large classes of problems including when the posterior is equal to the prior. This is made possible by including additional data-dependent test quantities when running SBC. We argue and demonstrate that the joint likelihood of the data is an especially useful test quantity. Some other types of test quantities and their theoretical and practical benefits are also investigated. We support our recommendations with numerical case studies on a multivariate normal example and theoretical analysis of SBC, thereby providing a more complete understanding of the underlying statistical mechanisms. From the theoretical side, we also bring attention to a relatively common mistake in the literature and clarify the difference between SBC and checks based on the data-averaged posterior. The SBC variant introduced in this paper is implemented in the SBC R package.Comment: 42 pages, 10 figure

Order within disorder: the atomic structure of ion-beam sputtered amorphous tantala (a-Ta2O5)

Amorphous tantala (a-Ta2O5) is a technologically important material often used in high-performance coatings. Understanding this material at the atomic level provides a way to further improve performance. This work details extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements of a-Ta2O5 coatings, where high-quality experimental data and theoretical fits have allowed a detailed interpretation of the nearest-neighbor distributions. It was found that the tantalum atom is surrounded by four shells of atoms in sequence; oxygen, tantalum, oxygen, and tantalum. A discussion is also included on how these models can be interpreted within the context of published crystalline Ta 2O5 and other a-T2O5 studies

Analysis of Chromium and Nickel in Soil and Plant Tissue Collected from the Experimental Vineyard at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA

Serpentinitic soils often contain high concentrations of heavy metals, including chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni). Soils derived from serpentine parent material are used for agricultural purposes throughout San Luis Obispo County, CA. This study was undertaken to determine the amount of total and bioaccessible Cr and Ni in soil and vine tissue from a vineyard planted on soils derived from serpentine geology. Eighteen soil and plant samples were collected from different slope position and vine types (syrah and chardonnay). Soil samples were collected from about 0 to 30 cm at the base of the vines and 15 to 20 leaf with attached petiole samples were collected from one vine at each sample location. Soil and plant samples were extracted with 1:1 HNO3 for total Cr and Ni concentrations using U.S. EPA method 3050a. Bioaccessible Cr and Ni concentrations from soil samples were determined by extracting samples twice with neutral 1 N NH4C2H3O2. Metal concentrations were determined using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Mean total Cr and Ni concentrations from all soil samples were 49.26 and 42.43 mg kg-1, respectively. Total mean Cr concentrations in vine tissue samples were below the method detection limit (MDL) for Cr, and total mean Ni concentrations in vine tissue were 2.75 mg kg-1. Bioaccessible Cr and Ni concentrations from soil samples were below MDLs for each metal. The undetectable amounts of bioaccessible Cr and Ni indicate that they are most likely strongly sorbed to soil particles. The low heavy metal bioaccesiblility in this vineyard soil indicates that Cr and Ni poise little risk to vine health for toxicity considerations. Future research will evaluate Cr and Ni concentrations in other local agricultural soils derived from serpentinite

The Vehicle, Spring 1992

Contents POEMS Makin\u27 Mudpies Nancy James page 6 Obscurity Kim Frost page 7 The Plea for a Pink One Victoria Bennett page 8 Mom\u27s Loving Push Amy Boone page 10 Through a Frog Laura Durnell page 12 Cold Snap A.L. Gallion page 12 Dimensity Anthony Smith page 13 Cold War Anthony Smith page 14 Get A Spoon Sheila Taylor page 15 Explore K. Thorsson page 16 FICTION The Proofreader Jenny L. Shields page 18 Ba, Ba, Black Sheep Victoria Bennett page 22 Eat My Words Sheila Taylor page 27 BIOGRAPHIES page 30 all photography by Dan Kooncehttps://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1059/thumbnail.jp