1,293 research outputs found
The symbiotic star CH Cygni. II. The broad Ly alpha emission line explained by shocks
Context. In 1985, at the end of the active phase 1977-1986, a broad (4000
km/s) Ly alpha line appeared in the symbiotic system CH Cygni that had never
been observed previously. Aims. In this work we investigate the origin of this
anomalous broad Ly alpha line. Methods. We suggest a new interpretation of the
broad Ly alpha based on the theory of charge transfer reactions between ambient
hydrogen atoms and post-shock protons at a strong shock front. Results. We have
found that the broad Ly alpha line originated from the blast wave created by
the outburst, while the contemporary optical and UV lines arose from the nebula
downstream of the expanding shock in the colliding wind scenario.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in A&A on 7th April 200
The symbiotic star H1-36. A composite model of line and continuum spectra from radio to ultraviolet
In this paper we analyse the spectra of D-type SS H1-36 within a
colliding-wind scenario. We aim to analyse the properties of this object taking
into account the observational data along the whole electromagnetic spectrum,
in order to derive a self-consistent picture able to interpret the nature of
the system as a whole. After constraining the relative physical conditions by
modelling more than 40 emission lines from radio to UV, we are able to explain
the continuum spectral energy distribution by taking into account all the
emitting contributions arising from both the stars, the dust shells and the
gaseous nebulae. A comprehensive model of the radio spectra allows to reproduce
the different slopes of the radio profile and the turnover frequency, as well
as the different size of the observed shocked envelope at different frequencies
in the light of the different contributions from the expanding and reverse
nebulae. The IR continuum unveils the presence of two dust shells with
different radii and temperatures, which might be a distinctive feature of
D-type symbiotic systems as a class of objects. The broad profiles of IR lines
direct us to investigate whether an X-ray jet may be present. This insight
leads us to indicate H1-36 as a promising X-ray target and to encourage
observations and studies which consistently take into account the complex
nature of symbiotic stars throughout the whole electromagnetic spectrum.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in A&A on 2th
May 200
Role of water in the formation of granulite and amphibolite facies rocks Tobacco Root Mountains Montana
A new formulation of the Gram-Charlier method: Performance for fitting non-normal distribution
The Gram-Charlier expansion was derived in an attempt to express non-normal densities as infinite series involving the normal density and its derivatives, using the moments data as input terms. In classic Gram-Charlier expansion
the random variable is standardized, so that the Gaussian parameters are Always fixed and referred to the mean equal to zero and to the standard deviation equal to one. This assumption seems to be too strong. An improvement of
Gram-Charlier expansion was obtained by an optimization process, directed to choose new values of Gaussian parameters. In order to check the performance of the new approach, an estimate of the gamma probability density function was calculated. Two probability density functions, characterized by a different degree of skewness and kurtosis, were considered. The study has shown that in comparison with the classic assumption, the new one always gives the best results in terms of probability density function reproducibility and allows the best evaluation of the input moments. Further the comparison between estimated moments of order higher than the input ones and the theoretical moments shows a good reproduction. Finally the method seems to suggest that a less restrictive condition can be considered respect to the usual convergence criterium of the Gram-Charlier expansion
The symbiotic system Z Andromedae : a spectral analysis of the anomalous 1984-1986 outburst
The visual magnitude profile of the symbiotic system Z And during the
1984-1986 activity period appears double peaked and the flux intensity is low
compared to outbursts in other epochs. The detailed modeling of the observed
spectra, accounting for the shells ejected by the red giant star, shows that
the outburst is intrinsically single but distorted by the collision at
different phases of the white dwarf wind with two close shells.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figs., accepted for publication in New Ast
Shock fronts in the symbiotic system BI Crucis
We investigate the symbiotic star BI Crucis through a comprehensive and
self-consistent analysis of the spectra emitted in three different epochs:
60's, 70's, and late 80's. In particular, we would like to find out the
physical conditions in the shocked nebula and in the dust shells, as well as
their location within the symbiotic system, by exploiting both photometric and
spectroscopic data from radio to UV. We suggest a model which, on the basis of
optical imaging, emission line ratios and spectral energy distribution profile,
is able to account for collision of the winds, formation of lobes and jets by
accretion onto the WD, as well as for the interaction of the blast wave from a
past, unrecorded outburst with the ISM. We have found that the spectra observed
throughout the years show the marks of the different processes at work within
BI Cru, perhaps signatures of a post-outburst evolution. We then call for new
infrared and millimeter observations, potentially able to resolve the inner
structure of the symbiotic nebula.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in MNRA
The use of dietary supplements among soccer referees: How much do they know?
Referees are essential for the correct execution of each soccer match and national soccer associations support them with physical training guidelines in order to improve agility, aerobic and sprint capacity, to reduce the risk of injury and to meet the minimum required performance levels. Despite the importance given to performance skills no specific nutritional guideline is provided to support the performance required. This study was aimed to investigate soccer field and assistant referees knowledge and consumption of dietary supplements. Seventy-one European referees participated to this survey by filling a short and quick anonymous questionnaire designed to collect information about their refereeing category, educational level, frequency of supplement consumption, type of supplement consumed. Moreover, a sub-group of 20 participants wore a training watch to record energy expenditure, distance, and heart rate during training sessions and matches. Our data show that referees frequently consume supplements especially those refereeing in lower categories, moreover they often follow a friend\u2019s suggestion when deciding to take a supplement instead of trusting a professional prescription. According to our survey, national and international soccer federations should care more about their referee nutritional education
The WFCAM Multi-wavelength Variable Star Catalog
Stellar variability in the near-infrared (NIR) remains largely unexplored.
The exploitation of public science archives with data-mining methods offers a
perspective for the time-domain exploration of the NIR sky. We perform a
comprehensive search for stellar variability using the optical-NIR multi-band
photometric data in the public Calibration Database of the WFCAM Science
Archive (WSA), with the aim of contributing to the general census of variable
stars, and to extend the current scarce inventory of accurate NIR light curves
for a number of variable star classes. We introduce new variability indices
designed for multi-band data with correlated sampling, and apply them for
pre-selecting variable star candidates, i.e., light curves that are dominated
by correlated variations, from noise-dominated ones. Pre-selection criteria are
established by robust numerical tests for evaluating the response of
variability indices to colored noise characteristic to the data. We find 275
periodic variable stars and an additional 44 objects with suspected variability
with uncertain periods or apparently aperiodic variation. Only 44 of these
objects had been previously known, including 11 RR~Lyrae stars in the outskirts
of the globular cluster M3 (NGC~5272). We provide a preliminary classification
of the new variable stars that have well-measured light curves, but the
variability types of a large number of objects remain ambiguous. We classify
most of the new variables as contact binary stars, but we also find several
pulsating stars, among which 34 are probably new field RR~Lyrae and 3 are
likely Cepheids. We also identify 32 highly reddened variable objects close to
previously known dark nebulae, suggesting that these are embedded young stellar
objects. We publish our results and all light-curve data as the WFCAM Variable
Star Catalog.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figure
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