Verticalization of patients and axial load on the lower limbs after surgical treatment of unstable injuries of the pelvic ring (brief review of the literature)

The article provides a theoretical review of scientific publications devoted to the rehabilitation of patients with unstable pelvic ring injuries; the features of pelvic ring damage are considered based on the specifics of the traumatic injury, the frequency of occurrence and the severity of the consequences. It is emphasized that prolonged pain syndrome due to pelvic ring injuries and the duration of the  rehabilitation period negatively affect the physical and  psycho-emotional state of  a  patient. At the same time, pelvic ring injuries are most relevant among the working population, and  their  consequences are quite serious, including disability and death. Consequently, the  possibility of optimizing rehabilitation measures for patients with unstable injuries, aimed at restoring the functions of the musculoskeletal system in static conditions and while walking, is currently one of the urgent tasks of theoretical and practical traumatology. The possibilities of  verticalization of  patients and the use of axial load on the lower limbs in the postoperative period are considered as the main rehabilitation measures. It is noted that in the case of resolving the issue of axial load in case of unstable pelvic ring injury, the intensity of such load and the timing of the start of its use should be determined individually, depending on the physical condition of a patient, the characteristics of the injury and the presence of concomitant injuries. Treatment for unstable pelvic ring injuries most commonly is carried out in most cases through the use of various methods of surgical treatment and restoration of the pelvic anatomy. Based on the results of the theoretical study, it is necessary to state that, despite the obvious significance of postoperative treatment, the adequate organization of which largely determines its final result, it was revealed that the material for studying this issue is insufficient due to specific approaches to verticalization and axial load on the lower limbs, depending on type of pelvic ring injury, taking into account the individual characteristics of the injury in a particular patient

MODELING OF BONE FRAGMENTS FIXATION WITH AN EXTERNAL FIXATION DEVICE FOR BILATERAL ROTATION UNSTABLE PELVIC INJURIES B TYPE ACCORDING TO AO/ASIF CLASSIFICATION

Objective: to determine the stability of bone fragments fixation with an external fixation device in the simulation of bilateral partly unstable pelvic injuries of B type according to AO/ASIF classification and to identify the role of different fixation elements in the stability of fixation. Material and methods: the study was performed on the finite element model of a system “an external fixation device - pelvis” developed for a software package MSCNastran. Formation of a fracture of pubic and ischial pelvic bones was accomplished by means of rupture in the finite element network and decrease of elasticity modulus in the ilio-sacral joint on both sides up to 35 mm at the site of a fracture. Loads were carried on top of the body of the first sacral vertebra with a force of 500H.The second area of application of the load was from the bottom-up on the acetabular roof with a force of 250H. In this study the effect of different elements of an external fixation device on the stiffness of bone fragments fixation was evaluated. Symmetrical elements were removed both separately and together. As a result, the stiffness of a system decreased and the displacement at the fracture site increased. Conclusion: in a model of partly stable pelvic injuries accompanied by general rotation instability in the horizontal and sagittal planes to 35 mm, an external fixation device provided high stability of bone fragments (to 3 mm) due to introduction of bone rods in the iliac wings with the obligatory introduction of the rod in the vertical branches of pubic bones and strengthening the anterior lower bar between the subsystems. What is more, installing the anterior upper bar or introduction of bone rods in the bodies of iliac bone are not necessary

The chemistry and biological activity of the Hyacinthaceae

Covering: 1914 to 2012The Hyacinthaceae (sensu APGII), with approximately 900 species in about 70 genera, can be divided into three main subfamilies, the Hyacinthoideae, the Urgineoideae and the Ornithogaloideae, with a small fourth subfamily the Oziroëoideae, restricted to South America. The plants included in this family have long been used in traditional medicine for a wide range of medicinal applications. This, together with some significant toxicity to livestock has led to the chemical composition of many of the species being investigated. The compounds found are, for the most part, subfamily-restricted, with homoisoflavanones and spirocyclic nortriterpenoids characterising the Hyacinthoideae, bufadienolides characterising the Urgineoideae, and cardenolides and steroidal glycosides characterising the Ornithogaloideae. The phytochemical profiles of 38 genera of the Hyacinthaceae will be discussed as well as any biological activity associated with both crude extracts and compounds isolated. The Hyacinthaceae of southern Africa were last reviewed in 2000 (T. S. Pohl, N. R. Crouch and D. A. Mulholland, Curr. Org. Chem., 2000, 4, 1287-1324; ); the current contribution considers the family at a global level

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ФИКСАЦИИ КОСТНЫХ ФРАГМЕНТОВ АППАРАТОМ ВНЕШНЕЙ ФИКСАЦИИ ПРИ ДВУХСТОРОННИХ РОТАЦИОННО-НЕСТАБИЛЬНЫХ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЯХ ТАЗА ТИПА В ПО КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ AO/ASIF

Objective: to determine the stability of bone fragments fixation with an external fixation device in the simulation of bilateral partly unstable pelvic injuries of B type according to AO/ASIF classification and to identify the role of different fixation elements in the stability of fixation. Material and methods: the study was performed on the finite element model of a system an external fixation device - pelvis developed for a software package MSCNastran. Formation of a fracture of pubic and ischial pelvic bones was accomplished by means of rupture in the finite element network and decrease of elasticity modulus in the ilio-sacral joint on both sides up to 35 mm at the site of a fracture. Loads were carried on top of the body of the first sacral vertebra with a force of 500H.The second area of application of the load was from the bottom-up on the acetabular roof with a force of 250H. In this study the effect of different elements of an external fixation device on the stiffness of bone fragments fixation was evaluated. Symmetrical elements were removed both separately and together. As a result, the stiffness of a system decreased and the displacement at the fracture site increased. Conclusion: in a model of partly stable pelvic injuries accompanied by general rotation instability in the horizontal and sagittal planes to 35 mm, an external fixation device provided high stability of bone fragments (to 3 mm) due to introduction of bone rods in the iliac wings with the obligatory introduction of the rod in the vertical branches of pubic bones and strengthening the anterior lower bar between the subsystems. What is more, installing the anterior upper bar or introduction of bone rods in the bodies of iliac bone are not necessary.Цель исследования: определение стабильности фиксации костных отломков аппаратом внешней фиксации при моделировании двусторонних частично стабильных повреждений таза типа В по классификации AO/ASIF с определением вклада отдельных элементов в стабильность фиксации. Материал и методы. Исследование проводилось на конечно-элементной модели системы аппарат внешней фиксации - таз, разработанной для программного комплекса MSC Nastran. Формирование перелома лонных и седалищных костей таза в модели осуществлялось путем разрыва в конечно-элементной сетке и уменьшением модуля упругости в подвздошно-крестцовом сочленении с обеих сторон до 35 мм на месте формирования перелома. Нагрузки на модель осуществлялись сверху на тело первого крестцового позвонка с силой 500 Н. Вторая область приложения нагрузки - снизу вверх на крышу вертлужной впадины с силой 250 Н. В ходе исследования оценивалось влияние отдельных элементов аппаратов внешней фиксации (АВФ) на жесткость фиксации костных отломков. Симметричные элементы удалялись как по отдельности, так и совместно. В результате происходило уменьшение жесткости АВФ и соответствующее увеличение смещения в месте перелома. Выводы. При моделировании частично стабильных повреждений таза, когда имеет место общая ротационная нестабильность в горизонтальной и сагиттальной плоскостях до 35 мм, АВФ обеспечивают высокую стабильность костных фрагментов (до 3 мм) за счет введения костных стержней в крылья подвздошных костей, с обязательным введением стержня в вертикальные ветви лонных костей и усилением передне-нижней штанги между подсистемами. При этом установка передне-верхней штанги и введение костных стержней в тела подвздошных костей не являются обязательными