Reducing adverse impacts of Amazon hydropower expansion

Proposed hydropower dams at more than 350 sites throughout the Amazon require strategic evaluation of trade-offs between the numerous ecosystem services provided by Earth\u27s largest and most biodiverse river basin. These services are spatially variable, hence collective impacts of newly built dams depend strongly on their configuration. We use multiobjective optimization to identify portfolios of sites that simultaneously minimize impacts on river flow, river connectivity, sediment transport, fish diversity, and greenhouse gas emissions while achieving energy production goals. We find that uncoordinated, dam-by-dam hydropower expansion has resulted in forgone ecosystem service benefits. Minimizing further damage from hydropower development requires considering diverse environmental impacts across the entire basin, as well as cooperation among Amazonian nations. Our findings offer a transferable model for the evaluation of hydropower expansion in transboundary basins

Successional dynamics in Neotropical forests are as uncertain as they are predictable

Although forest succession has traditionally been approached as a deterministic process, successional trajectories of vegetation change vary widely, even among nearby stands with similar environmental conditions and disturbance histories. Here, we provide the first attempt, to our knowledge, to quantify predictability and uncertainty during succession based on the most extensive long-term datasets ever assembled for Neotropical forests. We develop a novel approach that integrates deterministic and stochastic components into different candidate models describing the dynamical interactions among three widely used and interrelated forest attributes - stem density, basal area, and species density. Within each of the seven study sites, successional trajectories were highly idiosyncratic, even when controlling for prior land use, environment, and initial conditions in these attributes. Plot factors were far more important than stand age in explaining successional trajectories. For each site, the best-fit model was able to capture the complete set of time series in certain attributes only when both the deterministic and stochastic components were set to similar magnitudes. Surprisingly, predictability of stem density, basal area, and species density did not show consistent trends across attributes, study sites, or land use history, and was independent of plot size and time series length. The model developed here represents the best approach, to date, for characterizing autogenic successional dynamics and demonstrates the low predictability of successional trajectories. These high levels of uncertainty suggest that the impacts of allogenic factors on rates of change during tropical forest succession are far more pervasive than previously thought, challenging the way ecologists view and investigate forest regeneration. © 2015, National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions of Amazon hydropower with strategic dam planning

Hundreds of dams have been proposed throughout the Amazon basin, one of the world’s largest untapped hydropower frontiers. While hydropower is a potentially clean source of renewable energy, some projects produce high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit electricity generated (carbon intensity). Here we show how carbon intensities of proposed Amazon upland dams (median = 39 kg CO2eq MWh−1, 100-year horizon) are often comparable with solar and wind energy, whereas some lowland dams (median = 133 kg CO2eq MWh−1) may exceed carbon intensities of fossil-fuel power plants. Based on 158 existing and 351 proposed dams, we present a multi-objective optimization framework showing that low-carbon expansion of Amazon hydropower relies on strategic planning, which is generally linked to placing dams in higher elevations and smaller streams. Ultimately, basin-scale dam planning that considers GHG emissions along with social and ecological externalities will be decisive for sustainable energy development where new hydropower is contemplated. © 2019, The Author(s)

Diarrea crónica como manifestación de un tumor neuroendocrino

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of rare neoplasms that originate in endocrine cells with the ability to secrete amines and hormonal polypeptides. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) can be functional or non-functional. Functional PNETs secrete common hormones such as gastrin, insulin and glucagon and much less frequent hormones such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Their characteristics depend on the peptide secreted. Vipomas are characterized by chronic diarrhea of ?secretory characteristics that usually lead to hydroelectrolytic disorders and can lead to serious complications associated with renal failure. This article describes the case of a 37-year-old man who had suffered chronic diarrhea with frequent hospitalization for hydroelectrolytic disorders for six months due to severe hypokalemia and acute renal damage due to dehydration. After multiple studies, a diagnosis of secretory diarrhea due to a VIP secretory functional NET was considered. Empirical therapy with Octreotide was begun to control diarrhea and correct the hydroelectrolytic disorder. More studies of PNETS are being published. They have been treated surgically intervention with favorable clinical results and complete remission of symptoms. © 2020 Asociaciones Colombianas de Gastroenterología, Endoscopia digestiva, Coloproctología y Hepatología

Diarrea crónica como manifestación de un tumor neuroendocrino

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of rare neoplasms that originate in endocrine cells with the ability to secrete amines and hormonal polypeptides. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) can be functional or non-functional. Functional PNETs secrete common hormones such as gastrin, insulin and glucagon and much less frequent hormones such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Their characteristics depend on the peptide secreted. Vipomas are characterized by chronic diarrhea of ?secretory characteristics that usually lead to hydroelectrolytic disorders and can lead to serious complications associated with renal failure. This article describes the case of a 37-year-old man who had suffered chronic diarrhea with frequent hospitalization for hydroelectrolytic disorders for six months due to severe hypokalemia and acute renal damage due to dehydration. After multiple studies, a diagnosis of secretory diarrhea due to a VIP secretory functional NET was considered. Empirical therapy with Octreotide was begun to control diarrhea and correct the hydroelectrolytic disorder. More studies of PNETS are being published. They have been treated surgically intervention with favorable clinical results and complete remission of symptoms. © 2020 Asociaciones Colombianas de Gastroenterología, Endoscopia digestiva, Coloproctología y Hepatología

Successional dynamics in Neotropical forests are as uncertain as they are predictable

Although forest succession has traditionally been approached as a deterministic process, successional trajectories of vegetation change vary widely, even among nearby stands with similar environmental conditions and disturbance histories. Here, we provide the first attempt, to our knowledge, to quantify predictability and uncertainty during succession based on the most extensive long-term datasets ever assembled for Neotropical forests. We develop a novel approach that integrates deterministic and stochastic components into different candidate models describing the dynamical interactions among three widely used and interrelated forest attributes--stem density, basal area, and species density. Within each of the seven study sites, successional trajectories were highly idiosyncratic, even when controlling for prior land use, environment, and initial conditions in these attributes. Plot factors were far more important than stand age in explaining successional trajectories. For each site, the best-fit model was able to capture the complete set of time series in certain attributes only when both the deterministic and stochastic components were set to similar magnitudes. Surprisingly, predictability of stem density, basal area, and species density did not show consistent trends across attributes, study sites, or land use history, and was independent of plot size and time series length. The model developed here represents the best approach, to date, for characterizing autogenic successional dynamics and demonstrates the low predictability of successional trajectories. These high levels of uncertainty suggest that the impacts of allogenic factors on rates of change during tropical forest succession are far more pervasive than previously thought, challenging the way ecologists view and investigate forest regeneration

Seguridad en democracia : un reto a la violencia en América Latina

La democracia, los derechos humanos, la violencia y la seguridad, son temas relacionados, y en buena medida interdependientes, que hoy por hoy constituyen aspectos neurálgicos en la comprensión política, social y económica del orden mundial y, por supuesto, de la realidad latinoamericana. En este contexto fue creado el Grupo de Trabajo GT CLACSO Seguridad en Democracia: Un reto a la violencia en América Latina, una iniciativa de la que hacen parte investigadores/as provenientes de diversos países de América Latina -Argentina, Brasil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador y México- , cuyo objetivo principal es desarrollar investigación, análisis y generación de conocimiento de punta sobre los temas violencia, democracia, paz y seguridad en América Latina, a partir de la articulación de un espacio de discusión y reflexión.Índice Presentación 11 Introducción 15 Seguridad pública Doctrinas actores e instituciones; perspectivas juridicas en el tema de seguridad en América Latina Bertha García Gallegos 25 La participación de los ciudadanos en la seguridad pública en México. Algunas reflexiones sobre el impacto limitado y los retos de la participación ciudadana organizada en el campo de la inseguridad José Alfredo Zavaleta Betancourt 43 Seguridad ciudadana: policía para la democracia Nadia Soley Lizarazo Vargas 69 Seguridad global y local: dos visiones en pugna Pablo Emilio Angarita Cañas 89 Los desafíos emergentes a la gestión de la seguridad como consecuencia de la redefinición del espacio público en Argentina Roberto González (coordinador) 113 Seguridad internacional Seguridad democratica, conflicto interno armado y su regionalizacion Alejo Vargas Velásquez 133 Consejo sudamericano de defensa: hacia una integración regional en Defensa Angela Moreira 159 As políticas de segurança continental da oea e a cooperação regional Juliana Santos Maia Bertazzo 175 La intervencion colectiva en Haiti: a propósito de las operaciones de paz César Torres del Río 191 A política de defesa e política externa: coerência ou desencontros? Héctor Luis Saint-Pìerre 203 Las relaciones de seguridad entre Colombia y Ecuador: una nueva construccion de confianza Dolores Bermeo Lara y Nathalie Pabón Ayala 227 Altibajos de la hegemonía militar de Estados Unidos en la cuenca del Caribe: los casos de Colombia, México y Venezuela. (1991-2008) Saúl Mauricio Rodríguez Hernández 253 Seguridad en la región Amazónica Viviana García Pinzón 271 Actores e instituciones Las relaciones civil-militares en la República Argentina Juan Lopez Chorne y Beatriz Irene Wehle 299 Pasado reciente, memoria y ciudadanía en los informes de verdad: el testimonio en el Informe Valech (2004) Graciela Rubio 315 Narcotráfico y militarización en méxico. Territorios, economías regionales y transnacionalismo Salvador Maldonado Aranda 34

Eleuthera. Revista iberoamericana de desarrollo humano y social (Vol. 14 ene-jun 2016)

La Revista Eleuthera es una revista de alcance iberoamericano sobre desarrollo humano y social que pretende convertirse en un espacio de reflexión para las diferentes comunidades académicas interesadas en esta área y que realizan trabajos de investigación de diversa índole y desde múltiples enfoques. Es así como este volumen presenta artículos sobre educación, postconflicto, administración y género, temáticas todas ellas pertinentes a los propósitos de la revista.Presentación / Editorial DESARROLLO HUMANO, DEMOCRACIA Y CIUDADANÍA Caracterización de la memoria en niños con trastorno del espectro autista sin déficit intelectual. Una aproximación para el acompañamiento de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje Characterization of memory in children with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual deficit. An approach to accompanying the teaching-learning processes Ana María Flórez-Durango, Verónica Marcela González-Zuluaga, Jennifer Andrea Londoño-Herrera, Tatiana Vanessa Zapata-García, Paula Andrea Montoya-Zuluaga La innovación organizacional en la producción arrocera del departamento del Meta Organizational innovation in the rice production of the department of Meta Héctor Ismael Rojas-Hernández, Jorge Alejandro Obando-Bastidas, Juan Nicolás Montoya-Monsalve DIVERSIDAD Y JUSTICIA SOCIAL Mujeres indígenas: experiencias sobre género e inclusión en la educación superior Indigenous women: experiences on gender and inclusion in higher education Angela María Gnecco-Lizcano Reconstrucción de la memoria histórica de la masacre de El piñal, Simití, Sur de Bolívar Reconstruction of the historical memory of the masacre of El piñal, Simiti, South of Bolivar Eliana Chávez-Marín, Carmen Lisney Carballo-Angarita, Claudia Milena Quijano-Mejía #Refugiados. Discursos de alteridad de población solidaria en Facebook Refugees. Discourses of otherness by supportive people on Facebook Falon Carolina Reina-Vanegas ENFOQUES EN TRABAJO SOCIAL: INVESTIGACIÓN Y PRÁCTICA PROFESIONAL Trabajo Social y consulta previa en los pueblos indígenas de Colombia, en situaciones de exploración y explotación de recursos naturales Social Work and previous consultation in the indigenous peoples from Colombia in situations of exploration and exploitation of natural resources Martha Ligia Peña-Villamizar, Yennifer Sánchez-Díaz RESEÑAS Libro: la calidad de vida Autores: Martha Nussbaum y Amartya Sen Book: quality of life Authors: Martha Nussbaum y Amartya Sen Juan Camilo Osorio-Alcald

Seguridad en democracia : un reto a la violencia en América Latina

La democracia, los derechos humanos, la violencia y la seguridad, son temas relacionados, y en buena medida interdependientes, que hoy por hoy constituyen aspectos neurálgicos en la compresión política, social y económica del orden mundial y, por supuesto, de la realidad latinoamericana. En los últimos años el estudio en temas de la seguridad y su relación con los derechos humanos, consolidación de la democracia y la paz en los países de América Latina, ha tenido grandes avances debido al interés que en los teóricos despierta el análisis de los cambios que empiezan a producirse a mediados de los años setenta tanto en el ámbito global como a escala regional. Entre los cambios internos cabe señalar el fin de las dictaduras militares, las transiciones a la democracia en el marco de las transformaciones en el modelo económico, junto con los retos que la globalización impone. A nivel internacional, el fin de la Guerra Fría trajo consigo el cambio de un esquema bipolar a uno unipolar en lo político, y multipolar en lo económico, de modo que surge un nuevo escenario para la formulación y ejecución de las políticas públicas y, por supuesto, un cambio en el modelo de seguridad, en la medida en que el enemigo comunista desaparece, lo que da lugar a la identificación de otros tipos de amenazas y de manera concomitante al surgimiento de conceptos alternativos de seguridad (humana, ciudadana, multidimensional).INDICE Presentación 11 Introducción 15 Seguridad pública Doctrinas actores e instituciones; perspectivas juridicas en el tema de seguridad en América Latina Bertha García Gallegos 25 La participación de los ciudadanos en la seguridad pública en México. Algunas reflexiones sobre el impacto limitado y los retos de la participación ciudadana organizada en el campo de la inseguridad José Alfredo Zavaleta Betancourt 43 Seguridad ciudadana: policía para la democracia Nadia Soley Lizarazo Vargas 69 Seguridad global y local: dos visiones en pugna Pablo Emilio Angarita Cañas 89 Los desafíos emergentes a la gestión de la seguridad como consecuencia de la redefinición del espacio público en Argentina Roberto González (coordinador) 113 Seguridad internacional Seguridad democratica, conflicto interno armado y su regionalizacion Alejo Vargas Velásquez 133 Consejo sudamericano de defensa: hacia una integración regional en Defensa Angela Moreira 159 As políticas de segurança continental da oea e a cooperação regional Juliana Santos Maia Bertazzo 175 La intervencion colectiva en Haiti: a propósito de las operaciones de paz César Torres del Río 191 A política de defesa e política externa: coerência ou desencontros? Héctor Luis Saint-Pìerre 203 Las relaciones de seguridad entre Colombia y Ecuador: una nueva construccion de confianza Dolores Bermeo Lara y Nathalie Pabón Ayala 227 Altibajos de la hegemonía militar de Estados Unidos en la cuenca del Caribe: los casos de Colombia, México y Venezuela. (1991-2008) Saúl Mauricio Rodríguez Hernández 253 Seguridad en la región Amazónica Viviana García Pinzón 271 Actores e instituciones Las relaciones civil-militares en la República Argentina Juan Lopez Chorne y Beatriz Irene Wehle 299 Pasado reciente, memoria y ciudadanía en los informes de verdad: el testimonio en el Informe Valech (2004) Graciela Rubio 315 Narcotráfico y militarización en méxico. Territorios, economías regionales y transnacionalismo Salvador Maldonado Aranda 34

Reducing adverse impacts of Amazon hydropower expansion

Proposed hydropower dams at more than 350 sites throughout the Amazon require strategic evaluation of trade-offs between the numerous ecosystem services provided by Earth’s largest and most biodiverse river basin. These services are spatially variable, hence collective impacts of newly built dams depend strongly on their configuration. We use multiobjective optimization to identify portfolios of sites that simultaneously minimize impacts on river flow, river connectivity, sediment transport, fish diversity, and greenhouse gas emissions while achieving energy production goals. We find that uncoordinated, damby-dam hydropower expansion has resulted in forgone ecosystem service benefits. Minimizing further damage from hydropower development requires considering diverse environmental impacts across the entire basin, as well as cooperation among Amazonian nations. Our findings offer a transferable model for the evaluation of hydropower expansion in transboundary basins