Representaciones sociales de la violencia contra la mujer entre mujeres habitantes de la comunidad de Paranoá/Itapoã de Brasilia-DF

O estudo investiga as representações sociais de mulheres com relação à violência doméstica, e, particularmente, da violência contra mulher. O objetivo geral é identificar os significados atribuídos pelas mulheres ao fenômeno da violência de gênero, buscando compreender categorias próprias de interpretação do fenômeno da violência doméstica, assim como os recursos disponíveis para apoiar às mulheres em situação de violência. Metodologicamente, o estudo lança mão de uma abordagem triangulada entre a Teoria das Representações Sociais e a Etnografia. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 30 mulheres que concordaram em participar do estudo. As entrevistas foram processadas pelo software AlCESTE, que distribuiu as falas das entrevistadas em quatro classes, onde a 1 e a 4 remetem, respectivamente, à prática da violência e à forma como ela se perpetua, seu conceito e representação social, enquanto que as categorias classificadas como 2 e 3 dizem respeito à fragilidade da lei Maria da Penha e a falta de credibilidade na sua aplicação. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe study investigates the social representations of women in regard to domestic violence, and, particularly, of intimate violence against woman. The main purpose is to identify the meanings attributed by these women to the gender violence phenomenon, aiming the identification of native categories of the domestic violence event, as well as to recognize available resources for supporting women in a violence situation. It was applied a triangulation methodological approach between the Theory of Social Representations and Ethnography. Interviews were carried out with 30 women who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. The interviews were processed by the Alceste software, which distributed women’s narratives in four different classes. Fist and fourth relate, respectively, to the practice of violence and to the way it is perpetuated, its concept and social representation. Categories classified as 2 and 3 concern to the fragility of the national law Maria da Penha and the lack of credibility in its application. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMENEl estudio investiga las representaciones sociales con relación a la violencia doméstica y, particularmente, de la violencia contra la mujer entre mujeres habitantes de esas comunidades El objetivo general es identificar los significados atribuidos por las mujeres al fenómeno de la violencia de género, tratando de comprender categorías propias de interpretación del fenómeno de la violencia doméstica, así como los recursos disponibles para apoyar a las mujeres en situación de violencia. Metodológicamente, el estudio se basa en un enfoque triangulado entre la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales y la Etnografía. Fueron llevadas a cabo 30 entrevistas con mujeres que estuvieron de acuerdo en participar del estudio. las entrevistas se procesaron por medio del software Alceste, que distribuyó las narrativas de las entrevistadas en cuatro clases. Las clases 1 y 4 se refieren, respectivamente, a la práctica de la violencia y a la forma como ésta se perpetúa, su concepto y representación social. Las categorías clasificadas como 2 y 3 indican la fragilidad de la ley Maria da Penha y a la falta de credibilidad en su aplicación

Nanotecnologia e Nanociência no Ensino de Química

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The Text Mining Technique Applied to the Analysis of Health Interventions to Combat Congenital Syphilis in Brazil: The Case of the "Syphilis No!" Project

Congenital syphilis (CS) remains a threat to public health worldwide, especially in developing countries. To mitigate the impacts of the CS epidemic, the Brazilian government has developed a national intervention project called "Syphilis No." Thus, among its range of actions is the production of thousands of writings featuring the experiences of research and intervention supporters (RIS) of the project, called field researchers. In addition, this large volume of base data was subjected to analysis through data mining, which may contribute to better strategies for combating syphilis. Natural language processing is a form of knowledge extraction. First, the database extracted from the "LUES Platform" with 4,874 documents between 2018 and 2020 was employed. This was followed by text preprocessing, selecting texts referring to the field researchers' reports for analysis. Finally, for analyzing the documents, N-grams extraction (N = 2,3,4) was performed. The combination of the TF-IDF metric with the BoW algorithm was applied to assess terms' importance and frequency and text clustering. In total, 1019 field activity reports were mined. Word extraction from the text mining method set out the following guiding axioms from the bigrams: "confronting syphilis in primary health care;" "investigation committee for congenital syphilis in the territory;" "municipal plan for monitoring and investigating syphilis cases through health surveillance;" "women's healthcare networks for syphilis in pregnant;" "diagnosis and treatment with a focus on rapid testing." Text mining may serve public health research subjects when used in parallel with the conventional content analysis method. The computational method extracted intervention activities from field researchers, also providing inferences on how the strategies of the "Syphilis No" Project influenced the decrease in congenital syphilis cases in the territory

Encapsulation of the HSP-90 Chaperone Inhibitor 17-AAG in Stable Liposome Allow Increasing the Therapeutic Index as Assessed, in vitro, on Leishmania (L) amazonensis Amastigotes-Hosted in Mouse CBA Macrophages

The current long-term treatment for leishmaniasis causes severe side effects and resistance in some cases. An evaluation of the anti-leishmanial potential of an HSP90-inhibitor, 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), demonstrated its potent effect against Leishmania spp. in vitro and in vivo. We have previously shown that 17-AAG can kill L. (L) amazonensis promastigotes with an IC50 of 65 nM and intracellular amastigote at concentrations as low as 125 nM. As this compound presents low solubility and high toxicity in human clinical trials, we prepared an inclusion complex containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and 17-AAG (17-AAG:HPβCD) to improve its solubility. This complex was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Liposomes-containing 17-AAG:HPβCD was prepared and evaluated for encapsulation efficiency (EE%), particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), pH, and zeta potential, before and after accelerated and long-term stability testing. An evaluation of leishmanicidal activity against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of L. (L) amazonensis was also performed. The characterization techniques utilized confirmed the formation of the inclusion complex, HPβCD:17-AAG, with a resulting 33-fold-enhancement in compound water solubility. Stability studies revealed that 17-AAG:HPβCD-loaded liposomes were smaller than 200 nm, with 99% EE. Stability testing detected no alterations in PDI that was 0.295, pH 7.63, and zeta potential +22.6, suggesting liposome stability, and suitability for evaluating leishmanicidal activity. Treatment of infected macrophages with 0.006 nM of 17-AAG:HPβCD or 17-AAG:HPβCD-loaded liposomes resulted in almost complete amastigote clearance inside macrophages after 48 h. This reduction is similar to the one observed in infected macrophages treated with 2 μM amphotericin B. Our results showed that nanotechnology and drug delivery systems could be used to increase the antileishmanial efficacy and potency of 17-AAG in vitro, while also resulting in reduced toxicity that indicates these formulations may represent a potential therapeutic strategy against leishmaniasis

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educomunicação e alfabetização midiática: conceitos, práticas e interlocuções

O livro organizado por Ismar de Oliveira Soares, Claudemir Edson Viana e Jurema Brasil Xavier apresenta uma série de artigos sobre o tema divididos em quatro partes: 1-Atualizando conceitos e práticas; 2-A educação midiática em diálogo com o currículo escolar; 3-A Educomunicação em interlocução com as políticas públicas; e, 4-A Educomunicação em interlocução com as políticas públicas. A obra dedica seus 24 artigos especificamente aos saberes e às práticas inerentes ao tema da alfabetização midiática. Numa perspectiva multidisciplinar, os leitores aqui encontrarão experiências alimentadas tanto pelos referenciais da mídia-educação quanto pelo paradigma da Educomunicação, que emerge dos movimentos sociais da América Latina, na confluência entre a comunicação alternativa e a educação popular freiriana, a partir dos anos de 1960 e 1970