Effect of cinnamon supplementation on the gut environment and ESR gene expression in the ovaries of laying quail

This study addressed the hypothesis that the inclusion of powdered cinnamon in a laying quail diet could increase the expression of genes related to the antioxidant defense systems in the intestine and improve the intestinal environment, thus promoting balance in the body. We used 144 laying quail (Coturnix japonica) distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments: no supplementation of cinnamon (NSC) and supplementation of 9g/kg of cinnamon powder (CPS). At the end of the experimental period ovarian and duodenal tissues were collected for analysis of gene expression. Fragments of the central portions of the duodenum and jejunum were also collected for intestinal histological analysis. We observed a significant effect of the inclusion of cinnamon powder in the diet quail on the expression of the estrogen receptor alpha gene (P = 0.0004). The animals from the CPS treatment presented a higher height of villi and greater depth of crypts in the duodenum, and a higher height of villi and villus:cryptratio in the jejunum. The results show that cinnamon supplementation improves the integrity of intestinal tissue structures and development of the structures of the epithelium. Thus improves the productive performance of the birds

Resumos em andamento - Direito

Resumos em andamento - Direit

Resumos em andamento - Direito

Resumos em andamento - Direit

Resumos em andamento - Educação

Resumos em andamento - Educaçã

Resumos em andamento - Educação

Resumos em andamento - Educaçã

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified