Interpolation of landslide movements to improve the accuracy of 4D geoelectrical monitoring

Measurement sensors permanently installed on landslides will inevitably change their position over time due to mass movements. To interpret and correct the recorded data, these movements have to be determined. This is especially important in the case of geoelectrical monitoring, where incorrect sensor positions produce strong artefacts in the resulting resistivity models. They may obscure real changes, which could indicate triggering mechanisms for landslide failure or reactivation. In this paper we introduce a methodology to interpolate movements from a small set of sparsely distributed reference points to a larger set of electrode locations. Within this methodology we compare three interpolation techniques, i.e., a piecewise planar, bi-linear spline, and a kriging based interpolation scheme. The performance of these techniques is tested on a synthetic and a real-data example, showing a recovery rate of true movements to about 1% and 10% of the electrode spacing, respectively. The significance for applying the proposed methodology is demonstrated by inverse modelling of 4D electrical resistivity tomography data, where it is shown that by correcting for sensor movements corresponding artefacts can virtually be removed and true resistivity changes be imaged

Upaya Hukum Dalam Menyelesaikan Perkara Pidana Dengan Negara Lain Menurut Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2006

Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana upaya hukum yang dilakukan negara Republik Indonesia menyelesaikan tindak pidana dengan negara lain dan bagaimana syarat-syarat pemberian bantuan untuk menyelesaikan perkara pidana kepada negara lain. Ruang lingkup penulisan ini adalah pada disiplin ilmu hukum, maka penulisan ini merupakan bagian dari penulisan hukum kepustakaan yakni dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka atau yang dinamakan penelitian hukum normatif dapat disimpulkan, bahwa: 1. Upaya hukum yang dilakukan untuk negara Republik Indonesia menyelesaikan perkara pidana dengan negara asing, yaitu dengan membuat kesepakatan dalam bentuk perjanjian bilateral maupun multilateral dengan negara asing dan berdasarkan prinsip timbal Balik melalui saluran diplomatik serta pembentukan peraturan Perundang-undangan nasional yang mengatur bantuan timbal Balik dalam masalah pidana. Adanya perjanjian Internasional yaitu dapat memberikan jaminan kepastian hukum yang melandasi hubungan kerjasama Internasional dalam penyelesaian perkara pidana. 2. Syarat-syarat pemberian bantuan untuk menyelesaikan perkara pidana kepada negara lain, yaitu: setiap negara asing dapat mengajukan permintaan Bantuan kepada Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. Negara asing dapat mengajukan permintaan Bantuan secara langsung atau dapat memilih melalui saluran diplomatik

Barley yield formation under abiotic stress depends on the interplay between flowering time genes and environmental cues

Abstract Since the dawn of agriculture, crop yield has always been impaired through abiotic stresses. In a field trial across five locations worldwide, we tested three abiotic stresses, nitrogen deficiency, drought and salinity, using HEB-YIELD, a selected subset of the wild barley nested association mapping population HEB-25. We show that barley flowering time genes Ppd-H1, Sdw1, Vrn-H1 and Vrn-H3 exert pleiotropic effects on plant development and grain yield. Under field conditions, these effects are strongly influenced by environmental cues like day length and temperature. For example, in Al-Karak, Jordan, the day length-sensitive wild barley allele of Ppd-H1 was associated with an increase of grain yield by up to 30% compared to the insensitive elite barley allele. The observed yield increase is accompanied by pleiotropic effects of Ppd-H1 resulting in shorter life cycle, extended grain filling period and increased grain size. Our study indicates that the adequate timing of plant development is crucial to maximize yield formation under harsh environmental conditions. We provide evidence that wild barley alleles, introgressed into elite barley cultivars, can be utilized to support grain yield formation. The presented knowledge may be transferred to related crop species like wheat and rice securing the rising global food demand for cereals

Longer fixation duration while viewing face images

The spatio-temporal properties of saccadic eye movements can be influenced by the cognitive demand and the characteristics of the observed scene. Probably due to its crucial role in social communication, it is argued that face perception may involve different cognitive processes compared with non-face object or scene perception. In this study, we investigated whether and how face and natural scene images can influence the patterns of visuomotor activity. We recorded monkeys’ saccadic eye movements as they freely viewed monkey face and natural scene images. The face and natural scene images attracted similar number of fixations, but viewing of faces was accompanied by longer fixations compared with natural scenes. These longer fixations were dependent on the context of facial features. The duration of fixations directed at facial contours decreased when the face images were scrambled, and increased at the later stage of normal face viewing. The results suggest that face and natural scene images can generate different patterns of visuomotor activity. The extra fixation duration on faces may be correlated with the detailed analysis of facial features

Trajectories of humoral and cellular immunity and responses to a third dose of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with a history of anti-CD20 therapy.

BACKGROUND The majority of patients with B-cell-depleting therapies show compromised vaccination-induced immune responses. Herein, we report on the trajectories of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in patients of the RituxiVac study compared with healthy volunteers and investigate the immunogenicity of a third vaccination in previously humoral non-responding patients. METHODS We investigated the humoral and cell-mediated immune response after SARS-CoV-2 messanger RNA vaccination in patients with a history with anti-CD20 therapies. Coprimary outcomes were antispike and SARS-CoV-2-stimulated interferon-γ concentrations in vaccine responders 4.3 months (median; IQR: 3.6-4.8 months) after first evaluation, and humoral and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) after a third vaccine dose in previous humoral non-responders. Immunity decay rates were compared using analysis of covariance in linear regression. RESULTS 5.6 months (IQR: 5.1-6.7) after the second vaccination, we detected antispike IgG in 88% (29/33) and CMI in 44% (14/32) of patients with a humoral response after two-dose vaccination compared with 92% (24/26) healthy volunteers with antispike IgG and 69% (11/16) with CMI 6.8 months after the second vaccination (IQR: 6.0-7.1). Decay rates of antibody concentrations were comparable between patients and controls (p=0.70). In two-dose non-responders, a third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine elicited humoral responses in 19% (6/32) and CMI in 32% (10/31) participants. CONCLUSION This study reveals comparable immunity decay rates between patients with anti-CD20 treatments and healthy volunteers, but inefficient humoral or CMI after a third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in most two-dose humoral non-responders calling for individually tailored vaccination strategies in this population.Trial registration numberNCT04877496; ClinicalTrials.gov number

A network analysis to identify mediators of germline-driven differences in breast cancer prognosis.

Identifying the underlying genetic drivers of the heritability of breast cancer prognosis remains elusive. We adapt a network-based approach to handle underpowered complex datasets to provide new insights into the potential function of germline variants in breast cancer prognosis. This network-based analysis studies ~7.3 million variants in 84,457 breast cancer patients in relation to breast cancer survival and confirms the results on 12,381 independent patients. Aggregating the prognostic effects of genetic variants across multiple genes, we identify four gene modules associated with survival in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and one in ER-positive disease. The modules show biological enrichment for cancer-related processes such as G-alpha signaling, circadian clock, angiogenesis, and Rho-GTPases in apoptosis