4,069 research outputs found
The Mass of the MACHO-LMC-5 Lens Star
We combine the available astrometric and photometric data for the 1993 microlensing event MACHO-LMC-5 to measure the mass of the lens, M=0.097 +/- 0.016 Msun. This is the most precise direct mass measurement of a single star other than the Sun. In principle, the measurement error could be reduced as low as 10% by improving the trig parallax measurement using, for example, the Space Interferometry Mission. Further improvements might be possible by rereducing the original photometric lightcurve using image subtraction or by obtaining new, higher-precision baseline photometry of the source. We show that the current data strongly limit scenarios in which the lens is a dark (i.e., brown-dwarf) companion to the observed M dwarf rather than being the M dwarf itself. These results set the stage for a confrontation between mass estimates of the M dwarf obtained from spectroscopic and photometric measurements and a mass measurement derived directly from the star's gravitational influence. This would be the first such confrontation for any isolated star other than the Sun
The Aquarius Co-Moving Group is Not a Disrupted Classical Globular Cluster
We present a detailed analysis of high-resolution, high S/N spectra for 5
Aquarius stream stars observed with the MIKE spectrograph on the Magellan Clay
telescope. Our sample represents one third of the 15 known members in the
stream. We find the stream is not mono-metallic: the metallicity ranges from
[Fe/H] = -0.63 to -1.58. No anti-correlation in Na-O abundances is present, and
we find a strong positive Mg-Al relationship, similar to that observed in the
thick disk. We find no evidence that the stream is a result of a disrupted
classical globular cluster, contrary to a previously published claim. High
[(Na, Ni, alpha)/Fe] and low [Ba/Y] abundance ratios in the stream suggests it
is not a tidal tail from a disrupted dwarf galaxy, either. The stream is
chemically indistinguishable from Milky Way field stars with the exception of
one candidate, C222531-145437. From its position, velocity, and detailed
chemical abundances, C222531-145437 is likely a star that was tidally disrupted
from omega-Centauri. We propose the Aquarius stream is Galactic in origin, and
could be the result from a disk-satellite perturbation in the Milky Way thick
disk on the order of a few Gyr ago: derived orbits, UVW velocities, and angular
momenta of the Aquarius members offer qualitative support for our hypothesis.
Assuming C222531-145437 is a tidally disrupted member of omega-Centauri, this
system is the most likely disk perturber. In the absence of compelling chemical
and/or dynamical evidence that the Aquarius stream is the tidal tail of a
disrupted satellite, we advocate the "Aquarius group" as a more appropriate
description. Like the Canis Major over-density, as well as the Hercules and
Monoceros groups, the Aquarius group joins the list of kinematically-identified
substructures that are not actually accreted material: they are simply part of
the rich complexity of the Milky Way structure.Comment: Accepted to MNRAS. Updated to journal versio
Adaptive response of neonatal sepsis-derived Group B Streptococcus to bilirubin
This work was funded by the Neonatal Unit Endowment Fund, Aberdeen Maternity Hospital. RH is funded by a career researcher fellowship from NHS Research Scotland. SG was funded by the MRC Flagship PhD programme. We are grateful for the support of Dr Phil Cash and Aberdeen Proteomics, at University of Aberdeen, in completing this project. Supplementary information accompanies this paper at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24811-3.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Gamma-ray burst precursors from tidally resonant neutron star oceans: potential implications for GRB 211211A
Precursor emission has been observed seconds to minutes before some short
gamma-ray bursts. While the origins of these precursors remain unknown, one
potential explanation relies on the resonance of neutron star pulsational modes
with the tidal forces during the inspiral phase of a compact binary merger. In
this paper, we present a model for short gamma-ray burst precursors which
relies on tidally resonant neutron star oceans. In this scenario, the onset of
tidal resonance in the crust-ocean interface mode corresponds to the ignition
of the precursor flare, possibly through the interaction between the excited
neutron star ocean and the surface magnetic fields. From just the precursor
total energy, the time before the main event, and a detected quasi-periodic
oscillation frequency, we may constrain the binary parameters and neutron star
ocean properties as never before. Our model can immediately distinguish neutron
star-black hole mergers from binary neutron star mergers without gravitational
wave detection. We apply our model to GRB 211211A, the recently detected long
duration short gamma-ray burst with a quasi-periodic precursor, and explore the
parameters of this system within its context. The precursor of GRB 211211A is
consistent with a tidally resonant neutron star ocean explanation that requires
an extreme-mass ratio NSBH merger and a high mass neutron star. While difficult
to reconcile with the gamma-ray burst main emission and associated kilonova,
our results constrain the possible precursor generating mechanisms in this
system. A systematic study of short gamma-ray burst precursors with the model
presented here can test precursor origin and could probe the possible
connection between gamma-ray bursts and neutron star-black hole mergers.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, accepted in MNRA
Detection and molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium parvum in British European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus)
Surveillance was conducted for the occurrence of protozoan parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium in European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Great Britain. In total, 108 voided faecal samples were collected from hedgehogs newly admitted to eight wildlife casualty treatment and rehabilitation centres. Terminal large intestinal (LI) contents from three hedgehog carcasses were also analysed. Information on host and location variables, including faecal appearance, body weight, and apparent health status, was compiled. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA gene, confirmed by sequencing, revealed an 8% (9/111) occurrence of Cryptosporidium parvum in faeces or LI contents, with no significant association between the host or location variables and infection. Archived small intestinal (SI) tissue from a hedgehog with histological evidence of cryptosporidiosis was also positive for C. parvum by PCR and sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA gene. No other Cryptosporidium species were detected. PCR and sequencing of the glycoprotein 60 gene identified three known zoonotic C. parvum subtypes not previously found in hedgehogs: IIdA17G1 (n=4), IIdA19G1 (n=1) and IIdA24G1 (n=1). These subtypes are also known to infect livestock. Another faecal sample contained C. parvum IIcA5G3j which has been found previously in hedgehogs, and for which there is one published report in a human, but is not known to affect livestock. The presence of zoonotic subtypes of C. parvum in British hedgehogs highlights a potential public health concern. Further research is needed to better understand the epidemiology and potential impacts of Cryptosporidium infection in hedgehogs
Experimentally Quantifying the Advantages of Weak-Value-Based Metrology
We experimentally investigate the relative advantages of implementing weak-value-based metrology versus standard methods. While the techniques outlined herein apply more generally, we measure small optical beam deflections both using a Sagnac interferometer with a monitored dark port (the weak-value-based technique), and by focusing the entire beam to a split detector (the standard technique). By introducing controlled external transverse detector modulations and transverse beam deflection momentum modulations, we quantify the mitigation of these sources in the weak-value-based experiment versus the standard focusing experiment. The experiments are compared using a combination of deterministic and stochastic methods. In all cases, the weak-value technique performs the same or better than the standard technique by up to two orders of magnitude in precision for our parameters. We further measure the statistical efficiency of the weak-value-based technique. By postselecting on 1% of the photons, we obtain 99% of the available Fisher information of the beam deflection parameter
The Mass of the MACHO-LMC-5 Lens Star
We combine the available astrometric and photometric data for the 1993
microlensing event MACHO-LMC-5 to measure the mass of the lens, M=0.097 +/-
0.016 Msun. This is the most precise direct mass measurement of a single star
other than the Sun. In principle, the measurement error could be reduced as low
as 10% by improving the trig parallax measurement using, for example, the Space
Interferometry Mission. Further improvements might be possible by rereducing
the original photometric lightcurve using image subtraction or by obtaining
new, higher-precision baseline photometry of the source. We show that the
current data strongly limit scenarios in which the lens is a dark (i.e.,
brown-dwarf) companion to the observed M dwarf rather than being the M dwarf
itself. These results set the stage for a confrontation between mass estimates
of the M dwarf obtained from spectroscopic and photometric measurements and a
mass measurement derived directly from the star's gravitational influence. This
would be the first such confrontation for any isolated star other than the Sun.Comment: 20 pages inc 3 fig, submitted to Ap
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