Enzýmová hydrolýza α-substituovaných akrylonitrilov

Cilem diplornové préce bylo ovéiit schopnost kmene A4 néleiejiciho do rodu Rhodococcus transformovat chirélni on-substitutovane' akrylonitrily, které jsou prekursory stavebnich blokfi pro syntetickou organickou chemii. Zminénjz kmen produkoval komplex enzymfi - nitrilhydratasu a amidasu -- umoifiujici transformaci nitrilfi na karboxylové kyseliny s amidy jako intermediéty. Transformace oc-substitutovanjrch akrylonitrilfi byla provedena pomoci celjzch bunék této baktérie nebo éésteéné purifikované nitrilhydratasy. Reakéni produkty byly izolovény a identifikovény pomoci spektrélnich metod jako amidy, kyseliny nebo lakton. Koncentrace substrétfi a produktfi V reakénich smésich byly sledovémy pomoci HPLC na reverzni fézi. Pro tento fiéel byly vypracovény originélni metody, podobné jako methody chirélni I-IPLC, které byly vyuiity ke stanoveni enantiomerni éistoty chirélnich produktfi. Katalyzétory obsahujici celé bufiky nebo éésteéné purifikovanou nitrilhydratasu byly vhodné pro piipravu wsubstitutovanjrch akrylamidfi a akrylovjzch kyselin, z nichi nékteré jsou intermediéty pro syntézu biologicky aktivnich létek.The aim of the diploma work was to examine the ability of strain A4 belonging to Rhodococcus to transform chiral on-substituted acrylonitriles, which are the precursors of building blocks for synthetic organic chemistry. The aforementioned strain produced a complex of enzymes - nitrile hydratase and amidase - enabling to transform nitriles into carboxylic acids with amides as intermediates. The transformation of ot-substituted acrylonitriles were carried out using whole cells of the bacterium or the partially purified nitrile hydratase. The reaction products were isolated and identified by spectral methods as the corresponding amides, acids or a lacton. The concentrations of the substrates and products in the reaction mixtures were monitored by reversed-phase HPLC. Original HPLC methods were worked out for this purpose, as well as the chiral HPLC methods, which were used to determined the enantiomeric purity of the chiral products. The catalysts consisting of whole cells or the partially purified nitrile hydratase proved to be suitable for the preparation ofon-substituted acrylamides and acrylic acids, some ofwhich are intermediates for the synthesis ofbiologically active compounds.Katedra biochemieDepartment of BiochemistryFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Biomonitoring of Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Nematocera) using car nets

Car nets were used to collect two samples on a forest road in Podyji National park, the Braitava forest, Czech Republic. Sampling was done in 2002 between May 31 and June 1, and between July 30 and 31. These consisted of 10 rounds (each 10 km in length) from morning to dusk. Over 3,000 specimens (52 species) of Ceratopogonidae were captured. The results suggest that the car-net method may be efficient in ceratopogonid biomonitoring and e. g. determining their daily flight activity and swarming sites

Two new Patagonian species of Atrichopogon (Meloehelea) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Two new species of the subgenus Atrichopogon (Meloehelea) from Patagonia, Atrichopogon (M.)macrodentatum from the Nothofagus forests, and A. (M.) monomorphicus from steppe areas in the ecotone with forests, are described and a key of the Patagonian species of the subgenus is provided.Fil: Marino, Pablo Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Tóthová, Andrea. Masaryk University; República ChecaFil: Spinelli, Gustavo Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; Argentin

A new nearctic species of Atrichopogon (Melohelea) and a redescription of Atrichopogon (M.) chilensis Ingram & Macfie (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

A new species of Ceratopogonidae from Canada, Atrichopogon (Meloehelea) ladislavi Tóthová, is described. The Patagonian species Atrichopogon (M.) chilensis Ingram & Macfie is restored from synonymy, its female is redescribed and the male is described for the first time.Fil: Tóthová, Andrea. Masaryk University; República ChecaFil: Spinelli, Gustavo Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Marino, Pablo Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Taxonomic problems in the subgenus Meloehelea Wirth of the genus Atrichopogon Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) inferred from both morphological and molecular characters

The classification of Meloehelea (Ceratopogonidae) species is based on morphological characters. The taxonomic revision of generally well-known species recovered interesting facts on possible geographic intraspecific variability or on the presence of an additional valid species. In this study, 5 European species and 2 species from the U.S.A. and Canada have been compared based on their morphological characters. Subsequently, the 16S rDNA sequences analyses of well known European species have been performed to confirm the characters mentioned in the determination key ofthis subgenus. Although, this study was limited by the number of examined non-European specimens, it provides some interesting facts on the possible morphological variability of well-known species and also an initial phylogenetic backbone for the progressive reconstruction of infrageneric relationships within the genus Atrichopogon

Taxonomic approach to the tachinid flies Dinera carinifrons (Fallén) (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Dinera fuscata Zhang and Shima using molecular and morphometric data

Molecular phylogenetic and traditional morphometric methods were applied to examine six Palaearctic taxa of the taxonomically difficult tachinid fly genus Dinera Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae), with particular reference to D. carinifrons (Fallén) and D. fuscata Zhang and Shima. Results of a phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial markers 12S and 16S rDNA and multivariate statistical analyses of 19 morphometric characters were used to delimit both species. A lectotype was designated for D. carinifrons to stabilize the nomenclature in the group. Dinera carinifrons has a transpalaearctic distribution and is present in Central Europe, especially in high altitudes of the Alps. It differs from the similar and closely related D. fuscata in that it has a slightly larger body size, a dense greyish microtrichosity on the body, and different head proportions. Dinera fuscata, as delimited here, is widespread in the Palaearctic region, including Europe. Slight differences in both molecular and morphometric characters were found between western (Europe and Iran) and eastern (China and Japan) populations of D. fuscata, which are interpreted as an intraspecific variation. Differential diagnosis between D. carinifrons and D. fuscata is provided in the form of a revised portion of the determination key to the Palaearctic Dinera by Zhang and Shima (2006). CETPO project CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0166 (partly).Molekulárně fylogenetické a tradiční morfometrické metody byly využity ke studiu šesti palearktických druhů tachin rodu Dinera Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae), se zvláštním zřetelem na D. carinifrons (Fallén) a D. fuscata Zhang a Shima. Částečně i CETPO project CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0166

Identification and taxonomy of the West Palaearctic species of Tachina Meigen (Diptera: Tachinidae) based on male terminalia and molecular analyses

The male postabdominal structures of the West Palaearctic species of the genus Tachina are described. A new identification key is given. Characters are illustrated by original pen drawings and deep focus micrographs, some of them for the first time. The results are documented by molecular analyses (based on CO°I, Cyt°b, 12S, and 16S rDNA). This approach solves old taxonomical discrepancies, which resulted in these conclusions: 1) the taxonomic concept ofthe genus was evaluated; 2) the position ofthe present subgenus Tachina s.str. seems to be untenable: T. grossa (Linnaeus, 1758) could be categorized inside existing subgenus Tachina s.str. and a new subgenus could be created for T. magna (Giglio- Tos, 1890); 3) an expected new species from subgenus Eudoromyia was confirmed; 4) T. nigrohirta (Stein, 1924) having been resurrected from synonymy was confirmed as a valid species; 5) some differences between central European and Japanese specimens of T. nupta (Rondani, 1859) were found

XXIV. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách

Title in English: 24th International Colloquium on Regional Sciences: Conference proceedings. The conference proceedings consists of papers presented at the 24rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences that was organized by Department of Regional Economics and Administration FEA MU. It contains 79 articles arranged by topic. The individual articles deal with e.g. socioeconomic disparities among regions, regional policy, territory attractiveness, tourism or regional public administration