Characteristics of the bonding to yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramics

Orientadores: Giselle Maria Marchi Baron, Marcelo GianniniTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: Cerâmicas de zircônia tetragonal policristalina contendo ítrio (Y-TZP) apresentam propriedades mecânicas superiores as das demais cerâmicas odontológicas. No entanto, a técnica de cimentação mais adequada a estes materiais ainda não foi determinada. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: 1) Revisar a literatura a respeito de cerâmicas Y-TZP e seu uso em odontologia; 2) Avaliar o efeito de diferentes intensidades de energia do laser de Er:YAG e do jateamento com partículas de Al2O3 na rugosidade superficial e nas características morfológicas de cerâmicas Y-TZP e 3) Investigar a influência de diferentes tratamentos de superfície e primers para metal na resistência de união de dois cimentos resinosos a cerâmica Y-TZP. A análise da rugosidade superficial e das características morfológicas foi realizada em duas cerâmicas Y-TZP: Cercon Smart Ceramics e Procera Zirconia. Trinta placas de cada cerâmica foram separadas em cinco grupos experimentais de acordo com o tratamento de superfície recebido [nenhum tratamento (Controle), jateamento com partículas de Al2O3 ou irradiação com laser de Er:YAG em diferentes intensidades de energia (200mJ, 400mJ ou 600mJ)]. Após o respectivo tratamento superficial, as placas foram cobertas com ouro e a rugosidade superficial média (Ra, mm) foi mensurada em microscopia confocal. Características morfológicas das superfícies foramobservadas em microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados demonstraram que a irradiação com laser nas intensidades de 400mJ e 600mJ promoveu aumento acentuado da rugosidade superficial, além da formação de fendas, perda de massa e alteração de cor. A irradiação com 200mJ de intensidade e o jateamento com partículas de Al2O3 resultaram em alterações superficiais menos agressivas que as altas intensidades do laser. Para a análise da resistência de união, 240 placas de cerâmica (Cercon SmartCeramics) e 240 fragmentos de dentina com extremidade recortada em formato cilíndrico (0,8mm de diâmetro) foram distribuídos em 24 grupos (n=10) de acordo com a combinação entre tratamento de superfície (nenhum, jateamento com partículas de Al2O3 ou irradiação com laser de Er:YAG utilizando 200mJ como intensidade de energia), primer para metal (nenhum, Alloy Primer, Metal Primer II ou Metaltite) e cimento resinoso (Panavia F2.0 ou Calibra). Fragmentos de dentina foram cimentados nas placas de cerâmica, os corpos- eprova foram fixados ao aparato de microcisalhamento e o ensaio foi realizado com velocidade de 1mm/min até a fratura. O jateamento com partículas de Al2O3 resultou em maior resistência de união para ambos os cimentos resinosos. Comparado ao Panavia F2.0, o cimento Calibra apresentou maior resistência de união nos grupos jateados e irradiados. Os dois cimentos demonstraram comportamento semelhante nos grupos sem tratamento de superfície. Os três primers para metal apresentaram resultados semelhantes entre si, independentemente do tratamento da superfície e do cimento resinoso, e a resistência de união da interface cerâmica-dente aumentou com a sua utilização. Pode-se concluir que, apesar da irradiação com 200mJ de intensidade promover alterações superficiais na cerâmica Y-TZP, apenas associação do jateamento com partículas de Al2O3 com a aplicação de primers para metal constitui numa técnica efetiva para união de cimentos resinosos a estas cerâmicasAbstract: Yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramics present superior mechanical properties compared to other dental ceramics. However, the most adequate luting technique for these materials is unknown. The aims of this study were: 1) To review the literature regarding Y-TZP ceramics and their dental application; 2) To evaluate the effect of different energy intensities of the Er:YAG laser and of air abrasion with Al2O3 particles on the surface roughness and morphologic characteristics of Y-TZP ceramics, and 2) To investigate the influence of different surface treatments and metal primers on the bond strength of two resin cements to a Y-TZP ceramic. The surface roughness and morphologic features were tested in two Y-TZP ceramics: Cercon Smart Ceramics and Procera Zirconia. Thirty plates from each ceramic material were allocated into five groups according to the surface treatment received [none (control), air abrasion with Al2O3 particles or irradiation with Er:YAG laser with three different energy intensities (200mJ, 400mJ or 600mJ)]. After the respective surface treatment, ceramic plates were gold-coated and their mean surface roughness (Ra, mm) was measured using confocal microscopy. Morphological characteristics were examined through optical and scanning electron microscopy. Results demonstrated that irradiation with 400mJ or 600mJ increased surface roughness and created cracks, loss of mass and colour changes on ceramic surfaces. Irradiation with 200mJ and air abrasion with Al2O3 particles provide surface alterations less aggressive than the ones caused by higher intensities of the laser. For the bond strength evaluation, 240 plates of ceramic (Cercon Smart Ceramics) and 240 fragments of dentin trimmed into a cylindrical shape (0.8mm diameter) were assigned into 24 groups (n=10) according to the combination of surface treatment (none, air abrasion with Al2O3 particles, or Er:YAG laser irradiation with 200mJ of energy intensity), metal primer (None, Alloy Primer, Metal Primer II or Metaltite), and resin cement (Panavia F2.0 or Calibra). Fragments of dentin were luted to ceramic surfaces, specimens were fixed in th abrasion with Al2O3 particles resulted in increased bond strength for both resin cements. Air abraded and laser irradiated specimens presented higher bond strength with Calibra resin cement than with Panavia F2.0. Both resin cements presented similar behavior on untreated surfaces. The three metal conditioners presented similar results regardless of the surface treatment and resin cement, significantly increasing the bond strength. It could be concluded that, although irradiation with 200mJ of energy intensity promotes superficial alterations on the Y-TZP ceramic, only the association of air abrasion with Al2O3 particles and metal primers application constitutes an effective technique for bonding resin cements to Y-TZP ceramicsDoutoradoDentísticaDoutor em Clínica Odontológic

Purification of a fragment obtained by autolysis of a PIIIb-SVMP from Bothrops alternatus venom

Snake Venom Metalloproteinases (SVMPs) represent 43.1% of the components in Bothrops alternatus venom and play an important role in envenomation. Disintegrins and disintegrin-like domains are released by proteolytic processing of PII and PIII classes of SVMPs respectively and are potent inhibitors of integrin–ligand interaction. Baltergin is a PIIIb-SVMP isolated from this venom and able to undergo autolysis in vitro, giving rise to a stable disintegrin-like/cystein-rich fragment (baltergin-DC). Conditions of baltergin autolysis were adjusted in order to carry out the purification of baltergin-DC and its effect on cell adhesion was studied. Autolysis was maximal at 37 °C and a pH range of 7.0–8.0. Baltergin-DC amino-terminal sequence begins with IISPPVCGNELLEVGEECDCGTPENCQNECCDAATC, which shows a high degree of homology with other disintegrin-like proteins. Baltergin and purified baltergin-DC were both able to inhibit C2C12 adhesion to fetal bovine serum (FBS) coated plates, indicating that a non-catalytic process is involved, probably mediated by binding to membrane integrins. Baltergin-DC, lacking proteolytic action, becomes an attractive molecule for future studies on blocking integrin–ligand interactions.Fil: Van de Velde, Andrea Carolina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Departamento de Bioquímica. Laboratorio de Investigación en Proteínas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Gay, Claudia Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Departamento de Bioquímica. Laboratorio de Investigación en Proteínas; ArgentinaFil: Olivera Moritz, Milene Nobrega de. Universidade Federal de São Carlos; BrasilFil: dos Santos, Patty Karina. Universidade Federal de São Carlos; BrasilFil: Bustillo, Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Ofelia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Biscoglio, Mirtha Josefa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Sobreiro Selistre de Araujo, Heloisa. Universidade Federal de São Carlos; BrasilFil: Leiva, Laura Cristina Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; Argentin

La calidad de vida de las madres de niños trabajadores en las calles de São Paulo, Brasil

The present study evaluated the perceived quality of life of the mothers of street children and investigated the association with their history of childhood violence, the occurrence of current domestic violence, their current mental states and that of their children, and family functioning. the applied instruments were as follows: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, WorldSAFECore Questionnaire, Instrument for the Assessment of Quality of Life of the WHO, Global Assessment of Relational Functioning Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and a socio-demographic questionnaire. the sample of convenience consisted of 79 low-income mothers who raised their children alone, and most of whom had a positive screening for mental illness. the multiple regression analysis showed that the perception of quality of life of these women was associated with the presence of psychopathology either in themselves or their children and family dysfunction. Thus any program aimed at improving the quality of life of such mothers should consider addressing their mental problems as well as those of their children, besides offering educational and psychotherapeutic approaches to these families to improve the social environment.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psiquiatria, BR-04038020 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Matemat & Estat, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psiquiatria, BR-04038020 São Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Photodynamic therapy associated with full-mouth ultrasonic debridement in the treatment of severe chronic periodontitis: a randomized-controlled clinical trial

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method of microbial reduction which can benefit periodontal treatment in areas of difficult access, such as deep pockets and furcations. The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of PDT as an adjunct to full-mouth ultrasonic debridement in the treatment of severe chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods: Twenty-two patients with at least one pocket with a probing depth (PD) of ≥7 mm and one pocket with a PD of ≥5 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) on each side of the mouth were included, characterizing a split mouth design. The control group underwent full-mouth ultrasonic debridement and the test group received the same treatment associated with PDT. The PDT was performed on only one side of the mouth and the initial step consisted of subgingival irrigation with 0.005% methylene blue dye. Two minutes after applying the photosensitizer, the low power laser – AsGaAl (Photon Lase III – PL7336, DMC, São Carlos -São Paulo, Brazil) was applied (660 nm, 100 mW, 9 J, 90 seconds per site, 320 J/cm 2 , diameter tip 600 µm). The following clinical parameters were evaluated: plaque index, gingival index, BOP, gingival recession (GR), PD, and clinical attachment level (CAL). All parameters were collected before, 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment. Results: An improvement in BOP, PD and CAL was observed after treatment, in both groups, but without any difference between them. After 6 months, the PD decreased from 5.11±0.56 mm to 2.83±0.47 mm in the test group (

Análise da influência do posicionamento do fotopolimerizador sobre a rugosidade superficial da resina composta – estudo in vitro

Introdução: uma adequada polimerização da resina composta proporciona um bom desempenho clínico e propriedades físicas satisfatórias na restauração. A conversão de monômeros em polímeros depende não só da luz visível emitida pelo fotopolimerizador e do sistema fotoiniciador presente na resina composta, como também da quantidade de energia que alcança a resina composta e que está na dependência de como essa luz é aplicada sobre a resina. Objetivo: verificar a influência do posicionamento da ponta de um fotopolimerizador de amplo espectro sobre a rugosidade de duas resinas compostas. Metodologia: previamente à confecção dos corpos de prova, foi realizada a randomização de quatro grupos experimentais (n=10) para locação dos corpos de prova, da resina Vittra APS (FGM) em duas apresentações (Vittra APS Esmalte-bleach e a Vittra APS Dentina A0) e duas variações do posicionamento da ponta do fotopolimerizador (0º e 20º). Foram confeccionados quarenta corpos de prova cilíndricos em resina composta, na dimensão 6 x 1,5 mm. Valores da Ra foram registrados usando-se um rugosímetro e analisados estatisticamente (Shapiro-Wilk/ANOVA). A rugosidade superficial (Ra) de topo de cada corpo de prova foi individualmente avaliada, sendo realizadas três leituras por superfície em posições diferentes. Resultados: não foi verificada significância estatística da interação entre os fatores, nem foram notadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os fatores isolados. Dentre os posicionamentos analisados, constatou-se que o fotopolimerizador a 20º não alterou a rugosidade das resinas utilizadas. Conclusão: a variação da angulação da ponta do fotopolimerizador em 20o não alterou a rugosidade superficial das resinas testadas

Cuando el edificio encuentra la calle: las relaciones entre la normativa y la construcción del espacio urbano

La presente investigación parte de la premisa de que el vínculo del edificio con la calle en su límite entre lo público y lo privado es uno de los puntos más importantes para un reglamento específico. La interface arquitectónica del edificio es justamente el lugar de encuentro y objeto de estudio de la investigación. Para lograr sus objetivos, la investigación busca aclarar las propiedades morfo tipológicas, tanto de las interfaces de los edificios, como también, dentro de los escritos reglamentarios dispuestos en las normativas. Y busca confrontarlos para establecer criterios que promuevan una buena articulación entre los espacios públicos y privados, entre los edificios y la calle. El territorio de estudio es la zona central de la ciudad por su diversidad de tipologías y por presentarse como un territorio para la renovación urbana de la ciudad y que requiere construcción a través de nuevas pautas urbanas donde la normativa aún es un marco principal.This research starts from the premise that the building on its street level, in the boundary between public and private, is one of the most important point for a specific build bulk regulation. The architecture interface of the building is precisely this meeting point and subject matter of this research. To achieve its objectives, the research seeks to clarify the morpho-typological properties of both the buildings interface, as well as, the written rules in the land and use law legislations. It seeks to establish the criteria that will promote good connection between public and private spaces, between buildings and streets. The area of study is the central area of the city for its diversity of types as well as it presents as a territory for urban renewal of the city and will need to be built under new urban patterns, where the legislation is still a main frame

Expressed sequence tag analysis of the human pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast phase: Identification of putative homologues of Candida albicans virulence and pathogenicity genes

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermodimorphic fungus, is the causative agent of the prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America, paracoccidioidomycosis. We present here a survey of expressed genes in the yeast pathogenic phase of P. brasiliensis. We obtained 13,490 expressed sequence tags from both 5' and 3' ends. Clustering analysis yielded the partial sequences of 4,692 expressed genes that were functionally classified by similarity to known genes. We have identified several Candida albicans virulence and pathogenicity homologues in P. brasiliensis. Furthermore, we have analyzed the expression of some of these genes during the dimorphic yeast-mycelium-yeast transition by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Clustering analysis of the mycelium-yeast transition revealed three groups: (i) RBT, hydrophobin, and isocitrate lyase; (ii) malate dehydrogenase, contigs Pb1067 and Pb1145, GPI, and alternative oxidase; and (iii) ubiquitin, delta-9-desaturase, HSP70, HSP82, and HSP104. the first two groups displayed high mRNA expression in the mycelial phase, whereas the third group showed higher mRNA expression in the yeast phase. Our results suggest the possible conservation of pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms among fungi, expand considerably gene identification in P. brasiliensis, and provide a broader basis for further progress in understanding its biological peculiarities.Univ São Paulo, Dept Ciencias Farmaceut, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut Ribeirao Preto, BR-14040903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras Ribeirao Pret, BR-14040903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilInst Pasteur, Unite Genet Mol Levures, Paris, FranceUniv Vale do Paraiba, UNIVAP, Vale Do Paraiba, BrazilUniv Mogi das Cruzes, Nucleo Integrado Biotecnol, Mogi Das Cruzes, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Mortalidade por Câncer de Cólon e Reto no Brasil e suas Regiões entre 2006 e 2020

Introdução: No Brasil, estima-se a ocorrência de 704 mil casos novos de câncer para cada ano do triênio 2023-2025, sendo o câncer de cólon e reto (CCR) o tipo de neoplasia responsável pela terceira maior taxa de mortalidade para ambos os sexos. Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal de mortalidade prematura por CCR de 2006 a 2020, em ambos os sexos, no Brasil e em suas cinco Macrorregiões, e avaliar o alcance da meta proposta pelo Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis no Brasil 2011-2022 do Ministério da Saúde (MS) em relação ao CCR. Método: Estudo de séries temporais das taxas de mortalidade prematura e padronizada de CCR (CID-10: C18-21) tendo como população de estudo a do Brasil, com dados obtidos a partir do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade do DATASUS de 2006 a 2020. Resultados: As taxas de mortalidade prematura por CCR apresentaram aumento linear ao longo do período observado, porém com importantes diferenças regionais. Em relação ao CCR, a meta proposta pelo plano do MS não foi alcançada. Conclusão: Houve um aumento das taxas de mortalidade prematura por CCR no Brasil, tendência esperada em países em desenvolvimento. Por ser um câncer que envolve fatores de risco modificáveis, são importantes ações contínuas voltadas para o manejo desses fatores, tais como políticas nacionais de promoção de saúde. Além disso, são necessários estudos que subsidiem políticas preventivas de programas de rastreamento e diagnóstico precoce

LIME -- a gas TPC prototype for directional Dark Matter search for the CYGNO experiment

The CYGNO experiment aims at the development of a large gaseous TPC with GEM-based amplification and an optical readout by means of PMTs and scientific CMOS cameras for 3D tracking down to O(keV) energies, for the directional detection of rare events such as low mass Dark Matter and solar neutrino interactions. The largest prototype built so far towards the realisation of the CYGNO experiment demonstrator is the 50 L active volume LIME, with 4 PMTs and a single sCMOS imaging a 33$\times$33 cm\textsuperscript{2} area for 50 cm drift, that has been installed in underground Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in February 2022. We will illustrate LIME performances as evaluated overground in Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati by means of radioactive X-ray sources, and in particular the detector stability, energy response and energy resolution. We will discuss the MC simulation developed to reproduce the detector response and show the comparison with actual data. We will furthermore examine the background simulation worked out for LIME underground data taking and illustrate the foreseen expected measurement and results in terms of natural and materials intrinsic radioactivity characterisation and measurement of the LNGS underground natural neutron flux. The results that will be obtained by underground LIME installation will be paramount in the optimisation of the CYGNO demonstrator, since this is foreseen to be composed by multiple modules with the same LIME dimensions and characteristics

Technical Design Report - TDR CYGNO-04/INITIUM

The aim of this Technical Design Report is to illustrate the technological choices foreseen to be implemented in the construction of the CYGNO-04 demonstrator, motivate them against the experiment physics goals of CYGNO-30 and demonstrate the financial sustainability of the project. CYGNO-04 represents PHASE 1 of the long term CYGNO roadmap, towards the development of large high precision tracking gaseous Time Projection Chamber (TPC) for directional Dark Matter searches and solar neutrino spectroscopy. The CYGNO project1 peculiarities reside in the optical readout of the light produced during the amplification of the primary ionization electrons in a stack of triple Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs), thanks to the nice scintillation properties of the chosen He:CF4 gas mixture. To this aim, CYGNO is exploiting the fast progress in commercial scientific Active Pixel Sensors (APS) development for highly performing sCMOS cameras, whose high granularity and sensitivity allow to significantly boost tracking, improve particle identification and lower the energy threshold. The X-Y track project obtained from the reconstruction of the sCMOS images is combined with a PMT measurement to obtain a full 3D track reconstruction. In addition, several synergic R&Ds based on the CYGNO experimental approach are under development in the CYGNO collaboration (see Sec 2) to further enhance the light yield by means of electro luminescence after the amplification stage, to improve the tracking performances by exploiting negative ion drift operation within the INITIUM ERC Consolidator Grant, and to boost the sensitivity to O(GeV) Dark Matter masses by employing hydrogen rich target towards the development of PHASE 2 (see Sec. 1.2). While still under optimization and subject to possible significant improvements, the CYGNO experimental approach performances and capabilities demonstrated so far with prototypes allow to foresee the development of an O(30) m3 experiment by 2026 for a cost of O(10) MEUROs. A CYGNO-30 experiment would be able to give a significant contribution to the search and study of Dark Matter with masses below 10 GeV/c2 for both SI and SD coupling. In case of a Dark Matter observation claim by other experiments, the information provided by a directional detector such as CYGNO would be fundamental to positively confirm the galactic origin of the allegedly detected Dark Matter signal. CYGNO-30 could furthermore provide the first directional measurement of solar neutrinos from the pp chain, possibly extending to lower energies the Borexino measurement2. In order to reach this goal, the CYGNO project is proceeding through a staged approach. The PHASE 0 50 L detector (LIME, recently installed underground LNGS) will validate the full performances of the optical readout via APS commercial cameras and PMTs and the Montecarlo simulation of the expected backgrounds. The full CYGNO-04 demonstrator will be realized with all the technological and material choices foreseen for CYGNO-30, to demonstrate the scalability of the experimental approach and the potentialities of the large PHASE 2 detector to reach the expected physics goals. The first PHASE 1 design anticipated a 1 m3 active volume detector with two back-to-back TPCs with a central cathode and 500 mm drift length. Each 1 m2 readout area would have been composed by 9 + 9 readout modules having the LIME PHASE 0 dimensions and layout. Time (end of INITIUM project by March 2025) and current space availability at underground LNGS (only Hall F) forced the rescaling of the PHASE 1 active volume and design to a 0.4 m3, hence CYGNO-04. CYGNO-04 will keep the back-to-back double TPC layout with 500 mm drift length each, but with an 800 x 500 mm2 readout area covered by a 2 + 2 modules based on LIME design. The reduction of the detector volume has no impact on the technological objectives of PHASE 1, since the modular design with central cathode, detector materials and shieldings and auxiliary systems are independent of the total volume. The physics reach (which is a byproduct of PHASE 1 and NOT an explicit goal) will be only very partially reduced (less than a factor 2 overall) since a smaller detector volume implies also a reduced background from internal materials radioactivity. In addition, the cost reduction of CYGNO-04 of about 1⁄3 with respect to CYGNO-1 illustrated in the CDR effectively makes the overall project more financially sustainable (see CBS in the last section). In summary this document will explain: the physical motivation of the CYGNO project and the technical motivations of the downscale of the PHASE 1 to CYGNO-04, 400 liters of active volume, with respect to the demonstrator presented in the CDR; the results of R&D and the Montecarlo expectations for PHASE 0; the technical choices, procedures and the executive drawings of CYGNO-04 in the Hall F of the LNGS; safety evaluations and the interference/request to the LNGS services; Project management, WBS/WBC, WP, GANTT, ec