de la letra al simbolo

[ES] el presente trabajo de graduación pretende desarro - llar un proyecto de diseño y creación de símbolos par - tiendo de raíces tipográficas y lingüísticas. Nuestro traba- jo pretende unir mensaje e imagen en la misma forma. el proyecto tiene como objetivo desarrollar una serie de imágenes simbólicas partiendo de la investigación y el estudio de la cultura visual y su asociación con conceptos lingüisticos, con- jugando éstos con el aspecto productivo sígnico y la forma en que éste se convierte en una unidad de discurso individualizado. Nuestra intención es la de ver al símbolo como un vehículo, es decir, como un puente entre el significado y el interpretante, y no como un elemento independiente en el que se deposita un sentido. este proyecto pretende al igual que hicieron los primeros indivi- duos que utilizaron los muros de una ciudad, hacerse un hueco en el espacio público y social. Queremos romper la barrera que nos separa y participar de este proceso semiótico en el que las perso - nas se encuentran. No pretendemos ser solo asimiladores de ideas o información, intentamos generarla nosotros mediante cana- les de exposición como podría ser el espacio público, para partici- par activamente en el proceso de semiosis. s entimos el impulso de interactuar con el resto de personas mediante nuestro trabajo.Manfredini Font, A. (2016). de la letra al simbolo. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/73914.TFG

Poincaré-type inequality for Lipschitz continuous vector fields

open4noG. C. and M. M. are partially supported by MAnET Marie Curie Initial Training Networks (ITN). A. P. was supported by the Progetto CaRiPaRo “Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations: models, analysis, and control-theoretic problems” and now is supported by ERC ADG GeMeThNES n∘ 246923 and GNAMPA of INDAM. F. S.C. is supported by MIUR, Italy, GNAMPA of INDAM, University of Trento and MAnET Marie Curie Initial Training Networks (ITN) n∘ 607643.The scope of this paper is to prove a Poincaré type inequality for a family of nonlinear vector fields, whose coefficients are only Lipschitz continuous with respect to the distance induced by the vector fields themselves.openCitti, Giovanna; Manfredini, Maria; Pinamonti, Andrea; Serra Cassano, FrancescoCitti, Giovanna; Manfredini, Maria; Pinamonti, Andrea; Serra Cassano, Francesc

DISTRIBUTION OF HEAT STABILIZERS IN PLASTICIZED PVC-BASED BIOMEDICAL DEVICES: TEMPERATURE AND TIME EFFECTS

Thermoplastic polymers can be viewed as a dynamic framework in which additives allocation is strongly dependent on the system' chemistry. Considering the complexity of the distribution phenomena that may occur in plastics obtained by blending polymeric resins with different additives, this work constitutes an attempt to the description of the behavior of PVC heat stabilizers (calcium and zinc carboxylates), as regard temperature and time. Thanks to the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, it is possible to observe a first decreasing trend of the additives related IR-bands as a function of the increasing temperature and the higher the temperature the faster the decrease of the heat stabilizers intensities bands is, with respect to time. Additives distribution in not sterilized, sterilized, aged not sterilized and aged sterilized materials have been investigated to determine their behavior with respect to temperature, from 30 to 120°C, and time. A simulated supplementary aging process equivalent to 9 months aging was carried out on aged not sterilized and aged sterilized materials to gain more data on the transport/reaction phenomena these additives in the plastic material. Experimental evidences allow hypothesizing that reaction and redistribution phenomena probably concur to determine the additives allocation in PVC as a function of temperature and time

Antibiotics and pathogens, when the natural bacterial community resists!

The spread and persistence of antibiotic resistances (AR) in waters is a major threat for the environmental management, with direct risks for human health. Although antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) are found everywhere, their ecological success is related to anthropic impact, and to disturbed natural communities. In the same waters where AR can be a problem, other disturbances promoted by human activities can interfere with natural communities, e.g. the input of allochthonous (and potentially pathogenic) bacteria. The concomitant impact of those disturbances can have dramatic effects on the persistence and resistance of natural communities. With an experimental system on continuous cultures, we tested the impact on the microbial community from anthropized Lake Maggiore of enhanced tetracycline concentrations and of a subsequent invasion by a mixed population of E. coli. We measured the response in terms of bacterial and eukaryotic abundances, phenotypical distribution, bacterial community composition, spread and persistence of tetracycline resistance genes, and the fate of E. coli strains, by applying a number of techniques including flow-cytometry, microscopy, qPCR, and Illumina sequencing. We observed the preservation of AR genes, even when antibiotics were not in the system, suggesting a relatively small cost of maintenance of these genes, or their involvement in other genetic pathways. However, we did not see a general increase of e.g. tetA resistance genes, following the addition of antibiotics. In fact, it rather seemed that resistance to tetracycline was rather acquired by morphological changes and species interactions; we observed many more aggregated cells when the antibiotic was added. On the other hand, the invasion with E.coli seemed to generally promote the overall productivity of the systems without and with little antibiotic. Our results demonstrate that despite the heavy disturbance the natural microbial communities can develop a number of mechanisms of resistance in order to reduce the impact (e.g. aggregation), complicating the system modelling, thus reducing our forecasting possibilities

The isopeptidase inhibitor 2cPE triggers proteotoxic stress and ATM activation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells

Relapse after treatment is a common and unresolved problem for patients suffering of the B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Here we investigated the ability of the isopeptidase inhibitor 2cPE to trigger apoptosis in leukemia cells in comparison with bortezomib, another inhibitor of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Both inhibitors trigger apoptosis in CLL B cells and gene expression profiles studies denoted how a substantial part of genes up-regulated by these compounds are elements of adaptive responses, aimed to sustain cell survival. 2cPE treatment elicits the up-regulation of chaperones, proteasomal subunits and elements of the anti-oxidant response. Selective inhibition of these responses augments apoptosis in response to 2cPE treatment. We have also observed that the product of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene (ATM) is activated in 2cPE treated cells. Stimulation of ATM signaling is possibly dependent on the alteration of the redox homeostasis. Importantly ATM inhibition, mutations or down-modulation increase cell death in response to 2cPE. Overall this work suggests that 2cPE could offer new opportunities for the treatment of B-CLL

Comparison between Cultivated Oral Mucosa and Ocular Surface Epithelia for COMET Patients Follow-Up

Total bilateral Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency is a pathologic condition of the ocular surface due to the loss of corneal stem cells. Cultivated oral mucosa epithelial transplantation (COMET) is the only autologous successful treatment for this pathology in clinical application, although abnormal peripheric corneal vascularization often occurs. Properly characterizing the regenerated ocular surface is needed for a reliable follow-up. So far, the univocal identification of transplanted oral mucosa has been challenging. Previously proposed markers were shown to be co-expressed by different ocular surface epithelia in a homeostatic or perturbated environment. In this study, we compared the transcriptome profile of human oral mucosa, limbal and conjunctival cultured holoclones, identifying Paired Like Homeodomain 2 (PITX2) as a new marker that univocally distinguishes the transplanted oral tissue from the other epithelia. We validated PITX2 at RNA and protein levels to investigate 10-year follow-up corneal samples derived from a COMET-treated aniridic patient. Moreover, we found novel angiogenesis-related factors that were differentially expressed in the three epithelia and instrumental in explaining the neovascularization in COMET-treated patients. These results will support the follow-up analysis of patients transplanted with oral mucosa and provide new tools to understand the regeneration mechanism of transplanted corneas

Fordyce granules and hyperplastic mucosal sebaceous glands as distinctive stigmata in Muir-Torre syndrome patients: characterization with reflectance confocal microscopy

Background: The Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS), a variant of Lynch syndrome (LS), is characterized by the presence of sebaceous skin adenomas and/or carcinomas and keratoacanthomas associated with visceral malignancies. Fordyce granules (FGs) are oral mucosal lesions previously found in association with LS. The aim of this study was to analyze the specific frequency of FGs in sporadic individuals and gene carriers patients with MTS of known mismatch repair genes mutations. The secondary aim was to characterize FGs by means of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Methods: A total of 13 patients belonging to nine different genetically unrelated MTS kindreds (MLH1 gene mutation n = 2; MSH2 gene mutation n = 11) and 140 genetically unrelated healthy controls were examined. Depending on the clinical examination of the oral mucosa surface, subjects were categorized as either FGs positive or FGs negative. Results: FGs were diagnosed in 13 of 13 (100%) of MMR gene carriers patients with MTS vs. 9 of 140 (6.4%) controls. The most common site for FGs in MTS was the vestibular oral mucosa, compared with the gingival mandibular and retromandibular pad in controls. RCM examination found multiple sebaceous acinar cells that appear as round or oval hyper-refractive globules and that create a lobular aspects of the sebaceous glands defined as 'moruliform' or 'berry-like' structures. Conclusions: Clinical and RCM evidences of our study suggest that an activation of the sebaceous glands system occurs in patients with MTS. Fordyce granules and intra-oral sebaceous hyperplasia may constitute an additional clinical parameter, which may be adopted to distinguish individuals with highest likelihood of being affected from MTS

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Substituted Benzyl-/Phenylethylamino-4-amino-5-aroylthiazoles as Apoptosis-Inducing Anticancer Agents

Induction of apoptosis is a common chemotherapeutic mechanism to kill cancer cells The thiazole system has been reported over the past decades as a building block for the preparation of anticancer agents. A novel series of 2-arylalkylamino-4-amino-5-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoyl)-thiazole derivatives designed as dual inhibitors of tubulin and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity in vitro against two cancer cell lines and, for selected highly active compounds, for interactions with tubulin and cyclin-dependent kinases and for cell cycle and apoptosis effects. Structure-activity relationships were elucidated for various substituents at the 2-position of the thiazole skeleton. Among the synthesized compounds, the most active analogues were found to be the p-chlorobenzylamino derivative 8e as well as the p-chloro and p-methoxyphenethylamino analogues 8f and 8k, respectively, which inhibited the growth of U-937 and SK-MEL-1 cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 5.7 to 12.2 μM. On U-937 cells, the tested compounds 8f and 8k induced apoptosis in a time and concentration dependent manner. These two latter molecules did not affect tubulin polymerization (IC50 > 20 μM) nor CDK activity at a single concentration of 10 μM, suggesting alternative targets than tubulin and CDK for the compounds

A Safe-by-Design Approach to "Reef Safe" Sunscreens Based on ZnO and Organic UV Filters

In recent years, the issue of coral bleaching has led to restrictions in some tropical locations (i.e., Palau, Hawaii, etc.) on the use of some organic UV sunscreen filters, such as oxybenzone and ethyl hexyl methoxycinnamate. In contrast, ZnO is considered safe for marine environments and thus is often used without considering its photocatalytic and oxidative activities related to the generation of O-2(center dot-) and HO center dot. Moreover, ZnO needs to be used in combination with other filters to reach higher protection factors. Thus, the study of its interaction with formulations and with organic filters is important in sunscreen technology for the development of safer by-design products. In this work, the photocatalytic activity of zinc oxides with different surface areas (30, 25 and 9 m(2)/g) and their interaction with selected organic sunscreen filters were investigated. In particular, the ZnO photocatalytic kinetics were studied following the photodegradation of Acid Blue 9 (AB9) observing a first-order reaction with a chemical regime. Our evaluations of the selective inhibitions by h(vb)(+) and HO center dot demonstrated a substantial predominance of the hydroxide radicals in the expression of the photocatalysis, a trend that was also confirmed by the irradiation of ZnO in an ethanolic solution. Indeed, the formulations containing both ZnO and organic filters defined as "safe" for coral reefs (i.e., Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate, DHHB, and Ethylhexyl Triazone, EHT) showed a non-negligible photocatalytic oxidation and thus the combination was underlined as safe to use