Sentido actual y condiciones de uso de la disciplina general de las obligaciones

La parte general de las obligaciones del Código Civil Italiano parece que está fundada en la asunción de la identificación de una noción de obligación a la cual correspondan todas las relaciones concretas de débito-crédito. En consecuencia, la disciplina general parece que está establecida como una disciplina común e invariable para todas las relaciones obligatorias. Al mismo tiempo, la realidad socioeconómica de las relaciones, y la misma disciplina legal, evidencian múltiples factores de diversidad: de las fuentes (los hechos y los actos de los cuales derivan las relaciones obligatorias); de las prestaciones (objeto de la obligación) y de la configuración negocial de las relaciones. Tales elementos de diversidad imponen una aplicación de las normas de la parte general de forma dúctil y abierta a la formación de reglas adecuadas a la variedad de las relaciones y los conflictos de interés. Y la doctrina, ante este fenómeno, tiene la tarea, no tanto de construir arquitecturas conceptuales complejas, sino de elaborar criterios para gobernar la articulación de las reglas y las interferencias entre el régimen general y aquel de cada fuente, asegurando la armonización, también mediante un posible replanteamiento de las categorías ordenadoras

Assessment and management of respiratory function in patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy: Current and emerging options

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked myopathy resulting in progressive weakness and wasting of all the striated muscles including the respiratory muscles. The consequences are loss of ambulation before teen ages, cardiac involvement and breathing difficulties, the main cause of death. A cure for DMD is not currently available. In the last decades the survival of patients with DMD has improved because the natural history of the disease can be changed thanks to a more comprehensive therapeutic approach. This comprises interventions targeted to the manifestations and complications of the disease, particularly in the respiratory care. These include: 1) pharmacological intervention, namely corticosteroids and idebenone that significantly reduce the decline of spirometric parameters; 2) rehabilitative intervention, namely lung volume recruitment techniques that help prevent atelectasis and slows the rate of decline of pulmonary function; 3) scoliosis treatment, namely steroid therapy that is used to reduce muscle inflammation/degeneration and prolong ambulation in order to delay the onset of scoliosis, being an additional contribution to the restrictive lung pattern; 4) cough assisted devices that improve airway clearance thus reducing the risk of pulmonary infections; and 5) non-invasive mechanical ventilation that is essential to treat nocturnal hypoventilation, sleep disordered breathing, and ultimately respiratory failure. Without any intervention death occurs within the first 2 decades, however, thanks to this multidisciplinary therapeutic approach life expectancy of a newborn with DMD nowadays can be significantly prolonged up to his fourth decade. This review is aimed at providing state-of-the-art methods and techniques for the assessment and management of respiratory function in DMD patients

Review on friction and wear test rigs: An overview on the state of the art in tyre tread friction evaluation

The future evolution of autonomous mobility and road transportation will require substantial improvements in tyre adherence optimization. As new technologies being deployed in tyre manufacturing reduce total vehicle energy consumption, the contribution of tyre friction for safety and performance enhancement continues to increase. For this reason, the tyre’s grip is starting to drive the focus of many tyre developments nowadays. This is because the tread compound attitude to maximize the interaction forces with the ground is the result of a mix of effects, involving polymer viscoelastic characteristics, road roughness profiles and the conditions under which each tyre works during its lifespan. In such a context, mainly concerning the automotive market, the testing, analysis and objectivation of the friction arising at the tread interface is performed by means of specific test benches called friction testers. This paper reviews the state of the art in such devices’ development and use, with a global overview of the measurement methodologies and with a classification based on the working and specimen motion principle. Most tyre friction testers allow one to manage the relative sliding speed and the contact pressure between the specimen and the counter-surface, while just some of them are able to let the user vary the testing temperature. Few devices can really take into account the road real roughness, carrying out outdoor measurements, useful because they involve actual contact phenomena, but very complex to control outside the laboratory environment

Application of the liposuction techniques and principles in specific body areas and pathologies

The buttocks have been a symbol of attraction, sexuality and eroticism since ancient times and therefore, they have an important role in defining the posterior body contour. More and more people are talking about and understand the meaning and the role that buttocks play in modeling and physical beauty. The three dimensional gluteoplasty (3-DGP) is an innovative technique that allows us to change volume, shape and firmness, not only in the buttocks but also in the adjacent regions such as the thighs and trochanters, becoming an ideal tool to answer the frequent reasons of consultation of our patients about this particular area of the body: ..

Cabozantinib as a second-line treatment option in hepatocellular carcinoma

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent tumors affecting the gastrointestinal tract and a universal cause of morbidity and mortality. Cabozantinib is a strong multi-inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases approved for renal cell carcinoma that could be useful also for the treatment of HCC. Areas covered: This review describes the chemical structure, the pharmacologic properties and current knowledge of the efficacy of cabozantinib in the treatment of HCC based on data available from first phase and later phase clinical trials. The ongoing studies testing cabozantinib, either alone or in combination with other drugs, are also described. Expert opinion: Despite the recent achievements in the use of cabozantinib for patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma, data are still needed to allow clinicians to make better decisions on how to treat specific patient subgroups.</p

Dall'Università al mondo del lavoro. Il tirocinio come snodo per l’inclusione lavorativa e sociale

The university’s interconnections are played out through interlocked layers – from research to education, to the socio‐economic role. The university participates in networks both in business and social services at the territorial level and contributes to local development and well‐being. Concerning the inclusion of people with disabilities, it can play a sig‐nificant educational and social role within a territory: in addition to supporting enrolled students, it can be a hosting partner of traineeships co‐designed and co‐managed with social services. The paper reports a case study on Social Inclu‐sive Traineeship activated by the University of Macerata in cooperation with local social and health services institutions. It analyses the process and activities needed to implement inclusive environments and presents the achieved outcomes for those who are not higher education students, but are part of the university's community at territorial level. Findings highlight the relevance of the experience for the construction of the professional and social role of the intern. Conclusions stress the need for further research and joint work within the scientific community to strengthen the capacity of universities to implement inclusive practices with the territory and activate networks through meaningful traineeships.The university’s interconnections are played out through interlocked layers – from research to education, to the socio-economic role. The university participates in networks both in business and social services at the territorial level and contributes to local development and well‐being. Concerning the inclusion of people with disabilities, it can play a significant educational and social role within a territory: in addition to supporting enrolled students, it can be a hosting partner of traineeships co‐designed and co‐managed with social services. The paper reports a case study on Social Inclusive Traineeship activated by the University of Macerata in cooperation with local social and health services institutions. It analyses the process and activities needed to implement inclusive environments and presents the achieved outcomes for those who are not higher education students, but are part of the university's community at territorial level. Findings highlight the relevance of the experience for the construction of the professional and social role of the intern. Conclusions stress the need for further research and joint work within the scientific community to strengthen the capacity of univer‐sities to implement inclusive practices with the territory and activate networks through meaningful traineeships

Experimental Investigation on the Fracture Behaviour of Natural Stones Exposed to Monotonic and Cyclic Loading

The present paper is devoted to an experimental study on the fracture behaviour of natural stones, commonly used as elements for building cladding, under both monotonic and cyclic loading, with particular emphasis to white Carrara marble. The effect of progressive damage produced by in-service thermal fluctuations can be investigated through the application of appropriate cyclic mechanical loads. In the experimental tests conducted, some static mechanical properties of marble are characterized by means of three-point bending tests on edge-cracked prismatic specimens for the determination of Young's modulus, tensile strength and fracture energy. Moreover, cyclic three-point bending tests are conducted to determine the propagation rate of nominally Mode-I fatigue cracks. Finally, the fatigue behaviour of the marble is studied through a cohesive crack model, in which the direct tensile strength of the material is determined by a Brazilian test, and the behaviour is calibrated by means of a suitable FE model. The effect of crack path on the fracture resistance of marble is discussed