Sedentarismo, actividad física y capacidad funcional en la población española

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública y Microbiología. Fecha de lectura: 16-11-2018Este trabajo ha sido financiado por las ayudas a proyectos FIS 12/1166 y 16/609 (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación y FEDER/FSE) así como por la ayuda número 02/2014 del Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad). Durante la realización de esta tesis, Elena Andrade ha disfrutado de una Ayuda para la Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU15/02784) del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte de España

Cuidados de enfermería para el abordaje del duelo perinatal según la teoría del duelo disfuncional [evidencia comentada]

RESUMEN Referencia del documento de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia: Tejero Vidal LL, Barea Millán, S. Plan de cuidados de enfermería para el abordaje del duelo perinatal según la teoría del duelo disfuncional. Caso clínico. Enferm Clinic. 2023; 33: 149-156 Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2022.12.00

Transcranial direct current stimulation for post-stroke dysphagia: a meta-analysis

[EN] Background: Strokes may cause some swallowing difficulty or associated dysphagia in 25–80% of patients. This phenomenon has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with dysphagia in post-stroke patients. Methods: A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and MEDLINE was conducted. The articles must have to evaluate an intervention that included transcranial direct current stimulation; the sample had to consist exclusively of patients with post-stroke dysphagia; and the experimental design consisted of randomized controlled trial. Difference in mean differences and their 95% confidence interval were calculated as the between-group difference in means divided by the pooled standard deviation. The I2 statistic was used to determine the degree of heterogeneity. Results: Of the 9 investigations analyzed, all applied transcranial direct current stimulation in combination with conventional dysphagia therapy to the experimental group. All the studies analyzed identified improvements in swallowing function and meta-analysis confirmed their strong effect on reducing the risk of penetration and aspiration (Hedges’s g = 0.55). The results showed that participants who received transcranial direct current stimulation significantly improved swallowing function. Conclusions: Transcranial direct current stimulation has positive effects in the treatment of poststroke dysphagia by improving swallowing function, oral and pharyngeal phase times and the risk of penetration and aspiration. Furthermore, its combination with conventional dysphagia therapy, balloon dilatation with catheter or training of the swallowing muscles ensures improvement of swallowing function. PROSPERO registration ID CRD42022314949.S

Effects on language and verbal fluency of a cognitive stimulation program in older adults: randomized controlled trial

The efficacy of cognitive stimulation programs for the elderly is sufficiently documented. However, few studies have addressed the effectiveness of language stimulation programs by cognitive levels in this population. This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 308 participants from a primary care center and followed the CONSORT guidelines. A stratified randomization was carried out. The primary variable was the MEC-35, validated Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The secondary outcome variable was set-test, which evaluates verbal fluency in four categories. These tests were assessed for all outcome measures at baseline, at 10 weeks, at 6 months, and 1 year after the intervention. The intervention consisted of 10 sessions of 45 min/week for 10 weeks through mental activation notebooks that comprehensively work on the different cognitive functions. The results show that the comparisons between the control and intervention group turn out to be significant (p < 0.05) at the three time points. The comprehensive cognitive stimulation program has made it possible to improve the global aspects of cognition, language proficiency, and verbal fluency. To optimize and maintain these results, it is necessary to consider other clinical, functional, psychological, and occupational aspects, as well as related educational aspects, which prevent mild cognitive impairment

Satisfacción laboral de los colaboradores de empresas del sector agropecuario

This article evaluates the level of job satisfaction of employees of unconventional companies in the agricultural sector in a peripheral region of Colombia. The research is quantitative and non-experimental with a descriptive scope, for which the S20/23 Job Satisfaction Questionnaire is adapted in its most structurally complete, reduced version of the questionnaire S4/82. The instrument consists of 23 items with a Likert-type scale from 1 to 7 points, adapted and applied in the Colombian context. The population comprises 350 collaborators through the census sample in 12 non-conventional organizations of the agricultural sector in the South Colombian region, and the information is processed with the statistical software SPSS-26 and STATA. Regarding the reliability and validity of the results, a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.94 is obtained, and the relevance of the data is evaluated with the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) indicator of 0.725. In the results, it is found that the factor with the highest score is factor I. Satisfaction with supervision (6.06), factor IV. Intrinsic job satisfaction (5.87), factor II. Satisfaction with the physical environment (5.84), factor V. Satisfaction with participation (5.51), and finally, factor III. Satisfaction with the benefits received (5.33). In conclusion, organizations in the agricultural sector—non-conventional companies—require the implementation of differentiated strategies that involve salary and structural elements (supervision, participation, leadership, and benefits, among others) and allow increasing levels of job satisfaction.El presente artículo evalúa el nivel de satisfacción laboral de los colaboradores de empresas no convencionales de sector agropecuario en una región periférica de Colombia. La investigación es de carácter cuantitativo y de tipo no experimental de alcance descriptivo, para lo cual se adapta el cuestionario de Satisfacción Laboral S20/23, en su versión reducida más completa estructuralmente del cuestionario S4/82. El instrumento consta de 23 ítems con escala tipo Likert de 1 a 7 puntos, adaptado y aplicado en el contexto colombiano. La población está conformada por 350 colaboradores mediante la muestra censal en 12 organizaciones no convencionales del sector agropecuario en la región Surcolombiana, y la información es tratada con los softwares estadísticos SPSS-26 y STATA. Frente a la confiabilidad y validez de los resultados, se obtiene un Alfa de Cronbach de 0.94 y se evalúa la pertinencia de los datos con el indicador Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) de 0.725. En los resultados, se encuentra que los factores con mayor puntuación son el factor I. Satisfacción con la supervisión (6.06), factor IV. Satisfacción intrínseca del trabajo (5.87), factor II. Satisfacción con el medio ambiente físico (5.84), factor V. Satisfacción con la participación (5.51) y finalmente el factor III. Satisfacción con las prestaciones recibidas (5.33). En conclusión, las organizaciones del sector agropecuarios – empresas no convencionales – requieren la implementación de estrategias diferenciadas que involucren elementos salariales y estructurales (supervisión, participación, liderazgo y beneficios, entre otros) y permitan incrementar los niveles de satisfacción laboral

Nursing students bringing first aid to the community

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the theoretical and practical skills acquired by nursing students and school students after the service-learning project.MethodsThis study promotes nursing students and school students working together to gain awareness and basic theoretical knowledge of first aid. The learning project was conducted with nursing students (n = 67) and school students (n = 131) from April to June 2022. The nursing students gave scores higher than 8 on the aspects linked to expectations, self-perception, overall assessment, and attainment of the goals, and these results are in line with the qualitative analysis.ResultsMoreover, 100% of the school students reported a satisfactory outcome about the service.ConclusionService-learning is a challenging and motivating methodology for nursing students, which results in greater engagement with theory and practice and the development of essential skills for future professionals

Cognitive effects of a cognitive stimulation programme on trained domains in older adults with subjective memory complaints: randomised controlled trial

Age-related subjective memory complaints (SMC) are a common concern among older adults. However, little is known about the effects of cognitive stimulation (CS) interventions on subjective memory complaints. The aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of a CS programme on global cognition and cognitive functions of older adults with SMC. A randomised clinical trial was conducted on older adults with SMC, including 308 participants ≥65 years of age assessed 6 and 12 months after the intervention. The assessment instrument was the Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MEC-35), and all domains of the instrument were assessed. For statistical analysis, the data were analysed using robust ANOVA with means truncated at 20% utilising a two-way repeated measures model, with between (groups) and within (measurements) factors. In post hoc tests, a Wilcoxon signed-rank test of exact permutations between groups and Bonferroni correction were applied. In post hoc between-group tests, significant differences were found: (1) post-treatment in MEC-35, temporal orientation, short-term memory (STM), global language and praxis, and language and praxis (p ≤ 0.005); (2) at 6 months in MEC-35, global orientation, temporal orientation, and STM (p = 0.005); (3) at 12 months in MEC-35, global orientation, temporal orientation, STM, global language and praxis, and language (p = 0.005). This study shows benefits in global cognition and orientation, temporal orientation, STM, and language in older adults with SMC

Psychological and Situational Variables Associated with Objective Knowledge on Water-Related Issues in a Northern Spanish City

This study brings together the level of objective knowledge on water-related issues and other variables of psychological and situational nature. A random sample of 459 participants was employed, selected proportionally based on sex and age. In this sample, knowledge on the water-related issues tended to be low, particularly related to the direct source of water in the household, the type of services involved in the management, and consumption itself. In order to understand both the relationship with knowledge on water and the relative importance of all the other factors, a regression model was formulated. The highest standardised effect was for sex, followed by occupation, political leaning, and water-related emotions. The best level of knowledge was attained if the residents were male, if they were actively employed or unemployed, if their political leaning was towards the left, and if they demonstrated greater emotional involvement with the water use. Consequently, the design of programmes would need to consider that the information flow must be greater for citizens as a whole, particularly for certain groups such as women and students. It should contribute to the realistic perception of water as a problem and to seek emotional involvementThis research was funded by VIAQUA, Gestión Integral de Aguas de Galicia, S.A.U.S

Assessing health science students’ gaming experience: a cross-sectional study

Digital gamification applied to university students enrolled in health-related degrees is considered an innovative and beneficial tool that complements traditional teaching.ObjectivesTo analyze the enjoyment experience obtained by university students in the Faculty of Health Sciences and to know the gender differences after participating in a digital game.DesignCross-sectional descriptive study.ParticipantsA total of 156 university students from the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza.MethodsThe activity of a digital game took place in the academic year 2021–2022 and was carried out as a teaching innovation project with the final approval of the University of Zaragoza. The tools used were the Spanish version of the Gameful Experience Scale and a self-administered questionnaire on satisfaction and suitability reported by the activity.ResultsA total of 156 students participated with an age of 21.2 ± 6.2 years. The highest score is the enjoyment dimension (4 ± 0.7), and the lowest score is the negative affect dimension (1.5 ± 0.9). Cronbach’s alpha for the whole Gameful Experience Scale was 0.95. There were significant differences in three dimensions of the Gameful Experience Scale: male students had more enjoyment than female students (p = 0.05), enjoyed a greater sense of domination (p = 0.01), and had fewer negative effects (p = 0.0). In the highest corresponding positions it was used for other topics such as learning (m 4.4; SD 0.5), motivation to learn (m 4.1; SD 0.8) or helping memorize concepts (m 4.4).4; SD 0.5).ConclusionGender influences student satisfaction after carrying out a gamification activity, especially after a digital game. The dimensions in which gender differences were found were fun, absence of negative effects, and dominance