Trocas gasosas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh sob influência de água salobra

In view of the increasing expansion of the use of wood and non-timber products from the Eucalyptus genus, the identification and impact caused by the salinity of Brazilian soils in the development and growth of the species are of fundamental importance for a better utilization of salinized areas in the country. In order to contribute to the understanding of this problem, the present work evaluated the effect of different levels of salinity (brackish water) on gas exchange in Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh plants. The levels analyzed were: 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 µM NaCl. A completely randomized design with 10 replicates (plants) was used, in which the gaseous exchanges were evaluated with the aid of a portable photosynthesis meter (IRGA), determined the values of photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), rate transpiration (E), the relation between the intercellular and atmospheric concentration of CO² (Ci / Ca) and water use efficiency (WUE). Initially the seedlings did not undergo physiological changes, showing a certain tolerance of the species to high levels of salinity. Reduction in gas exchanges was only more noticeable after reapplication of the salt (after 7 days). Due to the results obtained, high tolerance of the species to salinity is observed.Perante a crescente expansão do uso de produtos madeiráveis e não madeiráveis provindos do gênero Eucalyptus, a identificação e o impacto ocasionado pela salinidade dos solos brasileiros, no desenvolvimento e crescimento da espécie são de fundamental importância para o melhor aproveitamento das áreas salinizadas no país. Visando contribuir para o entendimento desta problemática, o presente trabalho avaliou o efeito de diferentes níveis de salinidade (água salobra) nas trocas gasosas em plantas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Os níveis analisados foram: 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 µM de NaCl. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 10 repetições (plantas), onde as trocas gasosas foram avaliadas com auxílio de medidor portátil de fotossíntese (IRGA), determinando-se os valores de fotossíntese (A), condutância estomática (gs), taxa transpiratória (E), relação entre a concentração intercelular e atmosférica de CO² (Ci/Ca) e eficiência no uso da água (WUE). Inicialmente as mudas não sofreram alterações fisiológicas, mostrando certa tolerância da espécie aos altos níveis de salinidade. Reduções nas trocas gasosas só foram mais perceptíveis após sete dias, com reaplicação do sal. Pelos resultados obtidos, percebe-se elevada tolerância da espécie à salinidade

Two-year experience in laparoscopic colorectal surgery in a healthcare service in Salvador: a critical analysis

AbstractIntroductionlaparoscopic colorectal surgery has become a viable access route since the beginning of 1990, using Jacobs’ technique. Its outcomes are decrease in hospitalization length, early return to routine activities, better esthetic results and less postoperative pain.Objectiveto report a series of patients treated by a team using videolaparoscopic access route in colorectal surgery.Material and methodsretrospective, descriptive study carried out in Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil, from April of 2010 to May 2012.Resultsa total of 81 procedures were analyzed; 59.3% of cases were females, mean age was 58.3 years. Benign illness was treated in 48.1% to the patients. Rectosigmoidectomy was carried out in 41.5% and right colectomy in 21%. Intraoperative complications were observed in 3.7% and postoperative in 21% of cases, with a conversion rate of 6.2%.Conclusionthe laparoscopic procedure showed to be safe and the surgeon's training results in better outcomes in this series

VAAFT - Videoassisted anal fistula treatment: A new approach for anal fistula

AbstractIntroductionAnal fistula is an epithelised path between the rectum or anal canal and the perianal region. The use of laparoscopic surgery with a minimally invasive procedure has led to the development of video-assisted surgical treatment of anal fistula.ObjectiveTo describe the surgical technique VAAFT as a new approach to fistula.ConclusionThis is a safe and reproducible procedure. It enables the study of the entire fistula, obtaining the identification of accessory paths, cavitations and of the inner hole. More studies should be published for a better analysis of this technique, as well as to have a long-term outcome with new publications

Hidrogel e frequências de irrigação na sobrevivência, crescimento e trocas gasosas em Eucalyptus urograndis

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the hydrogel on the planting of clonal Eucalyptus urograndis seedlings in pots, related to different water management, to provide information about the hydrogel use efficiency. The experiment was carried out in a forest nursery in a factorial scheme, as factor "A" referred to the absence and presence of hydrogel and factor "B" to water management (0 - irrigation only at planting, 1 - daily, 4 - every 4 days, and 8 - every 8 days). Evaluations of the water stress symptomatology, morphological characteristics, chlorophyll content, soil water content, gas exchange, increase in diameter and height, and dry biomass were performed. The hydrogel provided an increase in water content in the soil and a delay in the symptoms of water stress, increasing the survival rate. Water stress was a limiting factor for stomatal opening, contributing to the decrease in carbon assimilation by photosynthesis.O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do hidrogel no plantio de mudas clonais de Eucalyptus urograndis em vasos, relacionados com diferentes manejos hídricos, buscando fornecer informações sobre a eficiência do uso do hidrogel. O experimento foi conduzido em viveiro florestal, esquema fatorial, em que o fator “A” se referiu à ausência e à presença de hidrogel e o fator “B” ao manejo hídrico (irrigação somente no plantio, 8 dias, 4 dias e diariamente). Foram realizadas avaliações da sintomatologia do estresse hídrico, características morfológicas, teores de clorofila, teor de água no solo, trocas gasosas, incremento em diâmetro e altura e biomassa seca. O hidrogel proporcionou um aumento no teor de água no solo e um atraso nos sintomas de estresse hídrico, aumentando a taxa de sobrevivência. O estresse hídrico foi um fator limitante para a abertura estomática, contribuindo para a queda na assimilação de carbono pela fotossíntese

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in development and response to water stress in Eucalyptus benthamii seedlings (Myrtaceae)

ABSTRACT: Plants use light as a source of energy in the process of photosynthesis. Different levels of luminosity cause physiological and morphological changes in the plant, and its success depends on its adaptation to these different levels. Light emitting diodes (LED) have been proposed as a light source in controlled environments. The present research evaluated physiological and morphological aspects in Eucalyptus benthamii (Myrtaceae) seedlings kept under different colors of LED lamps and submitted to water stress. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in which the treatments were defined as: T1 (control, with white light); T2 (blue light); T3 (red light) and T4 (mixed blue and red light). Red light resulted in the best response to most morphological variables in plant growth. In response to water stress, blue light LEDs resulted in a better seedling response, with slower reduction of photosynthetic rate and other variables. This may indicate the possibility of reducing water deficit damage in seedlings acclimated to blue light prior to field planting

Rooting of Sequoia sempervirens in function of the pattern of minicuttings, substrates and use of growth regulator

Sequoia sempervirens (sequoia) é uma espécie conhecida pela qualidade superior de sua madeira, sendo a produção de mudas por miniestaquia uma alternativa viável. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a posição de coleta, presença ou ausência de folhas aciculares em miniestacas e a produção de mudas cultivadas em diferentes substratos e utilização de AIB. Foram utilizadas miniestacas de diferentes clones, oriundas de minijardim clonal. Para o padrão de miniestacas utilizou-se a porção lignificada, com média lignificação e pouca lignificação, na presença ou ausência de folhas aciculares, avaliando-se um clone. Em relação aos substratos, observou-se o comportamento de três clones e quatro substratos de marcas comerciais. Para o emprego de regulador de crescimento utilizou-se um clone e diferentes concentrações de AIB (0,0 a 5000 mg L-1). As miniestacas foram colocadas para enraizar em estufim e avaliadas aos 90 dias. Todos os experimentos foram instalados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com posterior avaliação da porcentagem de sobrevivência; porcentagem de miniestacas com calos; porcentagem de miniestacas enraizadas e número de raízes emitidas por miniestaca enraizada. Miniestacas pouco lignificadas (ápice) com folhas aciculares apresentaram os melhores resultados para sobrevivência (96%) e enraizamento (94%); miniestacas muito lignificadas sem folhas aciculares obtiveram baixo enraizamento (10%). Houve considerável variação de enraizamento entre os substratos (66 a 100%) e o número de raízes foi mais influenciado pelo clone utilizado. Os melhores resultados foram observados naqueles com componentes mais orgânicos. O emprego de AIB na miniestaquia não foi significativo para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas. Miniestacas coletadas em porções apicais e com presença de folhas aciculares mostraram- se mais indicadas para trabalhos com a espécie. Para a seleção do melhor substrato deve-se observar o efeito clonal, priorizando-se substratos com composição mais orgânica. A utilização de AIB não influenciou positivamente o enraizamento de miniestacas, não sendo recomendado o seu uso.Sequoia sempervirens (sequoia) is a species known for the superior quality of its wood, making plants production by minicuttings a viable alternative. The objective of the work was to evaluate the position of collection, presence or absence of acicular leaves in minicuttings and production of plants grown on different substrates and use of IBA. Minicuttings from different clones, from a clonal minigarden, were used. For the minicuttings pattern, use a lignified portion, with medium lignification and little lignification, in the presence or absence of acicular leaves, available if a clone. Regarding substrates, the behavior of three clones and four substrates of commercial brands. For the growth regulator, was used a clone and different concentrations of IBA (0.0 to 5000 mg L-1). Minicuttings were placed to root in mini-tunnel and evaluated at 90 days. All experiments were installed in completely randomized design, with subsequent assessment of the percentage of survival; percentage of minicuttings with calluses; percentage of rooted minicuttings and number of roots emitted by rooted minicuttings. Little lignified minicuttings (apex) with acicular leaves, showed the best results for survival (96%) and rooting (94%); very lignified minicuttings without acicular leaves obtained low rooting (10%). There was considerable variation in rooting between substrates (66 to 100%) and the number of roots was more influenced by the clone used. The best results were observed in those with more organic components. The use of IBA in the minicutting was not significant for any of the variables analyzed. Minicuttings collected in apical portions and with the presence of acicular leaves are more suitable for work with a species. To select the best substrate, must be observe the clonal effect, prioritizing substrates with a more organic composition. The use of IBA in the minicutting was not significant for any of the variables analyzed. Minicuttings collected in apical portions and with the presence of acicular leaves are more suitable for work with a species. To select the best substrate, must be observe the clonal effect, prioritizing substrates with a more organic composition. The use of IBA did not positively influence or reduce minicuttings, it was not recommended or its use

Enraizamento de Sequoia sempervirens (Cupressaceae) em função do padrão de miniestacas, substratos e regulador de crescimento

Sequoia sempervirens (sequoia) is a species known for the superior quality of its wood, making plants production by minicuttings a viable alternative. The objective of the work was to evaluate the position of collection, presence or absence of acicular leaves in minicuttings and production of plants grown on different substrates and use of IBA. Minicuttings from different clones, from a clonal minigarden, were used. For the minicuttings pattern, use a lignified portion, with medium lignification and little lignification, in the presence or absence of acicular leaves, available if a clone. Regarding substrates, the behavior of three clones and four substrates of commercial brands. For the growth regulator, was used a clone and different concentrations of IBA (0.0 to 5000 mg L-1). Minicuttings were placed to root in mini-tunnel and evaluated at 90 days. All experiments were installed in completely randomized design, with subsequent assessment of the percentage of survival; percentage of minicuttings with calluses; percentage of rooted minicuttings and number of roots emitted by rooted minicuttings. Little lignified minicuttings (apex) with acicular leaves, showed the best results for survival (96%) and rooting (94%); very lignified minicuttings without acicular leaves obtained low rooting (10%). There was considerable variation in rooting between substrates (66 to 100%) and the number of roots was more influenced by the clone used. The best results were observed in those with more organic components. The use of IBA in the minicutting was not significant for any of the variables analyzed. Minicuttings collected in apical portions and with the presence of acicular leaves are more suitable for work with a species. To select the best substrate, must be observe the clonal effect, prioritizing substrates with a more organic composition. The use of IBA did not positively influence or reduce minicuttings, it was not recommended or its use.Sequoia sempervirens (sequoia) é uma espécie conhecida pela qualidade superior de sua madeira, sendo a produção de mudas por miniestaquia uma alternativa viável. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a posição de coleta, presença ou ausência de folhas aciculares em miniestacas e a produção de mudas cultivadas em diferentes substratos e utilização de AIB. Foram utilizadas miniestacas de diferentes clones, oriundas de minijardim clonal. Para o padrão de miniestacas utilizou-se a porção lignificada, com média lignificação e pouca lignificação, na presença ou ausência de folhas aciculares, avaliando-se um clone. Em relação aos substratos, observou-se o comportamento de três clones e quatro substratos de marcas comerciais. Para o emprego de regulador de crescimento utilizou-se um clone e diferentes concentrações de AIB (0,0 a 5000 mg L-1). As miniestacas foram colocadas para enraizar em estufim e avaliadas aos 90 dias. Todos os experimentos foram instalados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com posterior avaliação da porcentagem de sobrevivência; porcentagem de miniestacas com calos; porcentagem de miniestacas enraizadas e número de raízes emitidas por miniestaca enraizada. Miniestacas pouco lignificadas (ápice) com folhas aciculares apresentaram os melhores resultados para sobrevivência (96%) e enraizamento (94%); miniestacas muito lignificadas sem folhas aciculares obtiveram baixo enraizamento (10%). Houve considerável variação de enraizamento entre os substratos (66 a 100%) e o número de raízes foi mais influenciado pelo clone utilizado. Os melhores resultados foram observados naqueles com componentes mais orgânicos. O emprego de AIB na miniestaquia não foi significativo para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas. Miniestacas coletadas em porções apicais e com presença de folhas aciculares mostraram-se mais indicadas para trabalhos com a espécie. Para a seleção do melhor substrato deve-se observar o efeito clonal, priorizando-se substratos com composição mais orgânica. A utilização de AIB não influenciou positivamente o enraizamento de miniestacas, não sendo recomendado o seu uso

estudos artísticos

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning

Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials.

BACKGROUND: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine has been approved for emergency use by the UK regulatory authority, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, with a regimen of two standard doses given with an interval of 4-12 weeks. The planned roll-out in the UK will involve vaccinating people in high-risk categories with their first dose immediately, and delivering the second dose 12 weeks later. Here, we provide both a further prespecified pooled analysis of trials of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and exploratory analyses of the impact on immunogenicity and efficacy of extending the interval between priming and booster doses. In addition, we show the immunogenicity and protection afforded by the first dose, before a booster dose has been offered. METHODS: We present data from three single-blind randomised controlled trials-one phase 1/2 study in the UK (COV001), one phase 2/3 study in the UK (COV002), and a phase 3 study in Brazil (COV003)-and one double-blind phase 1/2 study in South Africa (COV005). As previously described, individuals 18 years and older were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive two standard doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (5 × 1010 viral particles) or a control vaccine or saline placebo. In the UK trial, a subset of participants received a lower dose (2·2 × 1010 viral particles) of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 for the first dose. The primary outcome was virologically confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 disease, defined as a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)-positive swab combined with at least one qualifying symptom (fever ≥37·8°C, cough, shortness of breath, or anosmia or ageusia) more than 14 days after the second dose. Secondary efficacy analyses included cases occuring at least 22 days after the first dose. Antibody responses measured by immunoassay and by pseudovirus neutralisation were exploratory outcomes. All cases of COVID-19 with a NAAT-positive swab were adjudicated for inclusion in the analysis by a masked independent endpoint review committee. The primary analysis included all participants who were SARS-CoV-2 N protein seronegative at baseline, had had at least 14 days of follow-up after the second dose, and had no evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection from NAAT swabs. Safety was assessed in all participants who received at least one dose. The four trials are registered at ISRCTN89951424 (COV003) and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606 (COV001), NCT04400838 (COV002), and NCT04444674 (COV005). FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Dec 6, 2020, 24 422 participants were recruited and vaccinated across the four studies, of whom 17 178 were included in the primary analysis (8597 receiving ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and 8581 receiving control vaccine). The data cutoff for these analyses was Dec 7, 2020. 332 NAAT-positive infections met the primary endpoint of symptomatic infection more than 14 days after the second dose. Overall vaccine efficacy more than 14 days after the second dose was 66·7% (95% CI 57·4-74·0), with 84 (1·0%) cases in the 8597 participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 248 (2·9%) in the 8581 participants in the control group. There were no hospital admissions for COVID-19 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group after the initial 21-day exclusion period, and 15 in the control group. 108 (0·9%) of 12 282 participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 127 (1·1%) of 11 962 participants in the control group had serious adverse events. There were seven deaths considered unrelated to vaccination (two in the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 group and five in the control group), including one COVID-19-related death in one participant in the control group. Exploratory analyses showed that vaccine efficacy after a single standard dose of vaccine from day 22 to day 90 after vaccination was 76·0% (59·3-85·9). Our modelling analysis indicated that protection did not wane during this initial 3-month period. Similarly, antibody levels were maintained during this period with minimal waning by day 90 (geometric mean ratio [GMR] 0·66 [95% CI 0·59-0·74]). In the participants who received two standard doses, after the second dose, efficacy was higher in those with a longer prime-boost interval (vaccine efficacy 81·3% [95% CI 60·3-91·2] at ≥12 weeks) than in those with a short interval (vaccine efficacy 55·1% [33·0-69·9] at <6 weeks). These observations are supported by immunogenicity data that showed binding antibody responses more than two-fold higher after an interval of 12 or more weeks compared with an interval of less than 6 weeks in those who were aged 18-55 years (GMR 2·32 [2·01-2·68]). INTERPRETATION: The results of this primary analysis of two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 were consistent with those seen in the interim analysis of the trials and confirm that the vaccine is efficacious, with results varying by dose interval in exploratory analyses. A 3-month dose interval might have advantages over a programme with a short dose interval for roll-out of a pandemic vaccine to protect the largest number of individuals in the population as early as possible when supplies are scarce, while also improving protection after receiving a second dose. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR), The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, the Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca