Balanço hidroenergético de sistema de distribuição de água aplicado a um setor do município de Cambuí - MG.

Os sistemas de abastecimento de água são colocados à prova constantemente, principalmente em condições climáticas extremas. A gestão adequada dos recursos hídricos e a implementação de planos de saneamento no Brasil são necessidades crescentes e emergenciais. Os desafios enfrentados pelas concessionárias se tornam evidentes e a aplicação de melhorias se faz imprescindível para garantia da continuidade do abastecimento. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e avaliar o balanço hidroenergético de um setor da rede de distribuição de água do município de Cambuí-MG, visando a otimização do sistema e redução do consumo de energia. Foram coletadas informações junto à concessionária local e também dados de campo, que abasteceram o trabalho e proporcionaram a aplicação da metodologia de balanço hídrico proposta pela International Water Association - IWA. O balanço energético foi estimado a partir da adaptação da metodologia de Cabrera et al. (2010) e os resultados obtidos permitiram uma avaliação da realidade do sistema. O setor em estudo apresentou 28,42% de perdas totais e um consumo de energia de 0,6481kWh/m³

Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em solos da Reserva Biológica Municipal Serra dos Toledos, Itajubá/MG

The City Biological Reserve of ‘Serra dos Toledos’ is an important remaining tropical rain forest in south Minas Gerais statewhich has high biodiversity and water resources. Studies related to soil quality are needed in the reserve management plans, which aim to maintain or to improve the environmental sustainability of these areas. Thus, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the inoculum potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) in samples of typical soil of that reserve. The quantification of propagules of this microbial group that establishes mutualistic symbiosis with most plant species, it is important for assessing the soil quality of the reserve Three areas inside and one outside  the Reserve were set to study, where soil samples were removed at depth 0 to 10 cm, in two seasons, winter 2008 and summer 2009. The samples were sent to the Laboratory of Microbiology of the University of ‘Itajubá’ for quantification of the following microbiological attributes related to AM fungi: lengths of total and active extra-radical mycelium by the method of induced fluorescence with fluorescein diacetate, density and phenotypic diversity (morphotypes) of spores, percentage and intensity of root colonization. The average results were compared by Duncan 5% and subjected to multivariate analysis. The results showed that the potential for MA fungal inoculum had a higher effect of areas in relation to the studied periods, with greater length of active and total extra-radical mycelium, a higher proportion of active mycelium in relation to the total and a greater diversity of spores in soil from the City Biological Reserve of ‘Serra dos Toledos’, compared to the outside soil under pasture. The inoculum potential is not directly related to the soil fertility, where that outside the reserve, pasture, despite the best fertility were found smaller values of mycelium and diversity of MA fungal spores. A Reserva Biológica Municipal Serra dos Toledos é um importante remanescente de Mata Atlântica no sul de Minas Gerais, com elevada biodiversidade e riqueza em recursos hídricos. Estudos relacionados à qualidade de solos são necessários em planos de manejo de reservas, os quais objetivam manter ou melhorar a sustentabilidade ambiental dessas áreas. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de inóculo de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (MAs) em amostras de solo características desta Reserva. A quantificação de propágulos desse grupo de micro-organismos, que estabelecem simbiose mutualística com a maioria das espécies vegetais é importante para a avaliação da qualidade de solos da Reserva. Foram definidas três áreas internas e uma externa à Reserva, retirando-se amostras de solo na profundidade de 0 a 10 cm, em duas épocas, inverno de 2008 e verão de 2009. As amostras foram encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Microbiologia da Universidade Federal de Itajubá para quantificação dos seguintes atributos microbiológicos relacionados aos fungos MAs: comprimentos de micélio extrarradicular ativo e total pelo método da fluorescência induzida com diacetato de fluoresceína, densidade e diversidade fenotípica (morfotipos) de esporos, porcentagem e intensidade de colonização radicular. As médias dos resultados foram comparadas por Duncan 5% e submetidas à análise de multivariada. Os resultados mostraram que o potencial de inóculo de fungos MAs apresentou maior efeito das áreas que das épocas estudadas, sendo maior comprimento de micélio extrarradicular ativo e total, maior proporção de micélio ativo em relação ao total e maior diversidade de esporos obtidos nos solos dentro da Reserva Biológica Municipal Serra dos Toledos, em relação ao solo externo à mesma, sob pastagem. O potencial de inóculo não está diretamente relacionado à fertilidade do solo, ou seja, no solo externo à Reserva, sob pastagem, apesar da melhor fertilidade, foram encontrados os menores valores de micélio e diversidade de esporos de fungos MAs

Balanço hidroenergético de sistema de distribuição de água aplicado a um setor do município de Cambuí - MG.

Os sistemas de abastecimento de água são colocados à prova constantemente, principalmente em condições climáticas extremas. A gestão adequada dos recursos hídricos e a implementação de planos de saneamento no Brasil são necessidades crescentes e emergenciais. Os desafios enfrentados pelas concessionárias se tornam evidentes e a aplicação de melhorias se faz imprescindível para garantia da continuidade do abastecimento. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e avaliar o balanço hidroenergético de um setor da rede de distribuição de água do município de Cambuí-MG, visando a otimização do sistema e redução do consumo de energia. Foram coletadas informações junto à concessionária local e também dados de campo, que abasteceram o trabalho e proporcionaram a aplicação da metodologia de balanço hídrico proposta pela International Water Association - IWA. O balanço energético foi estimado a partir da adaptação da metodologia de Cabrera et al. (2010) e os resultados obtidos permitiram uma avaliação da realidade do sistema. O setor em estudo apresentou 28,42% de perdas totais e um consumo de energia de 0,6481kWh/m³

ARBUSCULAR MICORRHIZAL FUNGI IN SOILS FROM MUNICIPAL BIOLOGICAL RESERVE SERRA DOS TOLEDOS, ITAJUB\uc1/MG

A Reserva Biol\uf3gica Municipal Serra dos Toledos \ue9 um importante remanescente de Mata Atl\ue2ntica no sul de Minas Gerais, com elevada biodiversidade e riqueza em recursos h\ueddricos. Estudos relacionados \ue0 qualidade de solos s\ue3o necess\ue1rios em planos de manejo de reservas, os quais objetivam manter ou melhorar a sustentabilidade ambiental dessas \ue1reas. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de in\uf3culo de fungos micorr\uedzicos arbusculares (MAs) em amostras de solo caracter\uedsticas desta Reserva. A quantifica\ue7\ue3o de prop\ue1gulos desse grupo de micro-organismos, que estabelecem simbiose mutual\uedstica com a maioria das esp\ue9cies vegetais \ue9 importante para a avalia\ue7\ue3o da qualidade de solos da Reserva. Foram definidas tr\ueas \ue1reas internas e uma externa \ue0 Reserva, retirando-se amostras de solo na profundidade de 0 a 10 cm, em duas \ue9pocas, inverno de 2008 e ver\ue3o de 2009. As amostras foram encaminhadas ao Laborat\uf3rio de Microbiologia da Universidade Federal de Itajub\ue1 para quantifica\ue7\ue3o dos seguintes atributos microbiol\uf3gicos relacionados aos fungos MAs: comprimentos de mic\ue9lio extrarradicular ativo e total pelo m\ue9todo da fluoresc\ueancia induzida com diacetato de fluoresce\uedna, densidade e diversidade fenot\uedpica (morfotipos) de esporos, porcentagem e intensidade de coloniza\ue7\ue3o radicular. As m\ue9dias dos resultados foram comparadas por Duncan 5% e submetidas \ue0 an\ue1lise de multivariada. Os resultados mostraram que o potencial de in\uf3culo de fungos MAs apresentou maior efeito das \ue1reas que das \ue9pocas estudadas, sendo maior comprimento de mic\ue9lio extrarradicular ativo e total, maior propor\ue7\ue3o de mic\ue9lio ativo em rela\ue7\ue3o ao total e maior diversidade de esporos obtidos nos solos dentro da Reserva Biol\uf3gica Municipal Serra dos Toledos, em rela\ue7\ue3o ao solo externo \ue0 mesma, sob pastagem. O potencial de in\uf3culo n\ue3o est\ue1 diretamente relacionado \ue0 fertilidade do solo, ou seja, no solo externo \ue0 Reserva, sob pastagem, apesar da melhor fertilidade, foram encontrados os menores valores de mic\ue9lio e diversidade de esporos de fungos MAs.The City Biological Reserve of 'Serra dos Toledos' is an important remaining tropical rain forest in south Minas Gerais statewhich has high biodiversity and water resources. Studies related to soil quality are needed in the reserve management plans, which aim to maintain or to improve the environmental sustainability of these areas. Thus, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the inoculum potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) in samples of typical soil of that reserve. The quantifcation of propagules of this microbial group that establishes mutualistic symbiosis with most plant species, it is important for assessing the soil quality of the reserve. Three areas inside and one outside the Reserve were set to study, where soil samples were removed at depth 0 to 10 cm, in two seasons, winter 2008 and summer 2009. The samples were sent to the Laboratory of Microbiology of the University of 'Itajub\ue1' for quantification of the following microbiological attributes related to AM fungi: lengths of total and active extra-radical mycelium by the method of induced fluorescence with fluorescein diacetate, density and phenotypic diversity (morphotypes) of spores, percentage and intensity of root colonization. The average results were compared by Duncan 5% and subjected to multivariate analysis. The results showed that the potential for MA fungal inoculum had a higher effect of areas in relation to the studied periods, with greater length of active and total extra-radical mycelium, a higher proportion of active mycelium in relation to the total and a greater diversity of spores in soil from the City Biological Reserve of \u2018Serra dos Toledos\u2019, compared to the outside soil under pasture. The inoculum potential is not directly related to the soil fertility, where that outside the reserve, pasture, despite the best fertility were found smaller values of mycelium and diversity of MA fungal spores

Health-status outcomes with invasive or conservative care in coronary disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA trial, an invasive strategy with angiographic assessment and revascularization did not reduce clinical events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease and moderate or severe ischemia. A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status among these patients. METHODS We assessed angina-related symptoms, function, and quality of life with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at randomization, at months 1.5, 3, and 6, and every 6 months thereafter in participants who had been randomly assigned to an invasive treatment strategy (2295 participants) or a conservative strategy (2322). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate differences between the treatment groups. The primary outcome of this health-status analysis was the SAQ summary score (scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status). All analyses were performed in the overall population and according to baseline angina frequency. RESULTS At baseline, 35% of patients reported having no angina in the previous month. SAQ summary scores increased in both treatment groups, with increases at 3, 12, and 36 months that were 4.1 points (95% credible interval, 3.2 to 5.0), 4.2 points (95% credible interval, 3.3 to 5.1), and 2.9 points (95% credible interval, 2.2 to 3.7) higher with the invasive strategy than with the conservative strategy. Differences were larger among participants who had more frequent angina at baseline (8.5 vs. 0.1 points at 3 months and 5.3 vs. 1.2 points at 36 months among participants with daily or weekly angina as compared with no angina). CONCLUSIONS In the overall trial population with moderate or severe ischemia, which included 35% of participants without angina at baseline, patients randomly assigned to the invasive strategy had greater improvement in angina-related health status than those assigned to the conservative strategy. The modest mean differences favoring the invasive strategy in the overall group reflected minimal differences among asymptomatic patients and larger differences among patients who had had angina at baseline

Initial invasive or conservative strategy for stable coronary disease

BACKGROUND Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, 121.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 124.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used