Direct synthesis of DME from syngas on hybrid CuZnAl/ZSM-5 catalysts: New insights into the role of zeolite acidity

[EN] A commercial HZSM-5 zeolite (Si/Al = 16) was submitted to mild acid treatment and partial exchange of H+ by Na+ and Co2+ cations in order to produce samples with different amounts and strengths of Brensted and Lewis acid sites. The acid properties of the zeolites were determined by both FTIR of adsorbed pyridine and NH3-TPD. Then, hybrid catalysts comprising a CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA) methanol synthesis catalyst and the original and treated zeolites were prepared in order to analyze the impact of the zeolite acidity in the efficiency of the hybrids for the direct syngas-to-DME process. Independent methanol dehydration experiments on the bare zeolites and syngas-to-DME runs under methanol dehydration-controlled conditions were performed using hybrids with low zeolite concentration (CZA:zeolite mass ratio of 10:1) prepared by mixing the pre-pelletized CZA and zeolite components. The results revealed that both strong Bronsted and EFAL-related strong Lewis acid sites are the likely zeolite active sites for methanol dehydration at the typical syngas-to-DME temperature of 260 degrees C. Interestingly, we have found that different conclusions regarding the effect of zeolite acidity may be reached depending on the specific method used for preparing the hybrid catalysts when the overall syngas-to-DME process becomes controlled by the methanol synthesis rate on the Cu-based catalyst (i.e. using hybrids with a CZA:zeolite mass ratio of 2:1, that is, with an "excess" of acid sites). Thus, for hybrids prepared by mixing the pre-pelletized components, the same CO conversion and product selectivity (with values approaching those predicted by the thermodynamic equilibrium at the studied conditions) with no signs of deactivation during at least 50h on stream was attained irrespective of the zeolite acidity. By contrast, significant differences in catalyst stability were found for hybrids prepared by grinding the component powders prior to pelletizing. This fact points towards the occurrence of detrimental interactions between the CZA and zeolite components during the grinding preparation stage. The kind and extent of such detrimental interactions are tightly related to the properties (i.e. acidity, chemical composition) of the ZSM-5 zeolite. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Financial support by the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT) of Spain through the Project CTQ2010- 17988/PPQ is gratefully acknowledged. A. García-Trenco thanks the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) of Spain for a predoctoral (FPI) scholarship.García Trenco, A.; Martinez Feliu, A. (2012). Direct synthesis of DME from syngas on hybrid CuZnAl/ZSM-5 catalysts: New insights into the role of zeolite acidity. Applied Catalysis A General. 411:170-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2011.10.036S17017941

Total Roman Domination Number of Rooted Product Graphs

[EN] Let G be a graph with no isolated vertex and f:V(G)->{0,1,2} a function. If f satisfies that every vertex in the set {v is an element of V(G):f(v)=0} is adjacent to at least one vertex in the set {v is an element of V(G):f(v)=2}, and if the subgraph induced by the set {v is an element of V(G):f(v)>= 1} has no isolated vertex, then we say that f is a total Roman dominating function on G. The minimum weight omega(f)= n-ary sumation v is an element of V(G)f(v) among all total Roman dominating functions f on G is the total Roman domination number of G. In this article we study this parameter for the rooted product graphs. Specifically, we obtain closed formulas and tight bounds for the total Roman domination number of rooted product graphs in terms of domination invariants of the factor graphs involved in this product.Cabrera Martinez, A.; Cabrera García, S.; Carrión García, A.; Hernandez Mira, FA. (2020). Total Roman Domination Number of Rooted Product Graphs. Mathematics. 8(10):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/math8101850S11381

Educational proposal to teach in environmental citizenship around the socio-environmental problem of disposal practices, especially weee in times of pandemic

Se comparte una experiencia de práctica pedagógica desarrollada en la modalidad de enseñanza remota de emergencia con estudiantes del semillero EcoChatarreros del Instituto Técnico Industrial (ITI) Francisco José de Caldas. Para tal fin, se implementó un proyecto en educación ambiental para formar ciudadanos responsables en torno a las prácticas de descarte, especialmente de los residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos, con el fin de fomentar actitudes críticas y de corresponsabilidad frente a problemas socioambientales. Respecto al enfoque pedagógico empleado, la comunagogía se abordó en el presente estudio.An experience of pedagogical practice developed in the modality of emergency remote teaching with students from the EcoChatarreros Seedbed of the ITI Francisco José de Caldas is shared. To achieve this, an environmental education project was implemented to train responsible citizens around disposal practices, especially of the Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment, with the aim to encourage critical attitudes and joint responsibility over socio-environmental problems. With regards to the pedagogical ap-proach used, communagogy was the one used in this study

Identification of ovule and seed genes from Citrus clementina

[EN] Seedlessness is a highly desirable trait in fresh fruit. Citrus varieties, such as Clementine mandarin and other related species, show parthenocarpic fruit development without seeds due to self-incompatibility. In spite of that, these fruits frequently contain seeds as a result of cross-pollination by insects with compatible pollen from other citrus cultivars grown nearby. To solve this problem using a biotechnological approach we aim at the destruction of ovules and/or seeds by directing the expression of a toxic gene using the promoter of an ovule and/or seed specific gene. With the purpose of isolating this kind of genes we constructed two cDNA libraries from ovules and seeds at different developmental stages of the Clementine mandarin (Citrus clementina cv. Clemenules). A total of 1,014 ESTs from the ovule library and 1,042 ESTs from the seed library were generated, with a novelty percentage of 27% and 36% among the Spanish Citrus Functional Genomic Project (CFGP) ESTs database, respectively. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed nearly specific expression in ovule and/or seed of two genes, TRANSPARENT TESTA16 (CcTT16) and TRANSPARENT TESTA7 (CcTT7). Expression of these two genes is restricted to early seed development, and is localized in the embryo sac and endothelium. The promoters of those genes may be useful to genetically engineer citrus species to avoid seed formation in fruits of commercial varieties.The authors thank Dr. L. Navarro and J. Juarez, from the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (Generalitat Valenciana), for the use of the Clementine orchard and Fortune pollen; Dr. J Forment and the Genomics Facility at the IBMCP for sequence analysis and maintenance of to the CFGP database; and Drs. F Tadeo and J Carbonell for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the Conselleria de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacion (Generalitat Valenciana) and Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia (research grant GEN2001-4885-C05). A.G-L. received a PhD fellowship from the Conselleria de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacion.García Lor, A.; Garcia Martinez, JL.; Perez Amador, MA. (2012). Identification of ovule and seed genes from Citrus clementina. Tree Genetics and Genomes. 8(2):227-235. doi:10.1007/s11295-011-0435-xS22723582Al-Shahrour F, Diaz-Uriarte R, Dopazo J (2005) Discovering molecular functions significantly related to phenotypes by combining gene expression data and biological information. Bioinformatics 21:2988–2993Al-Shahrour F, Minguez P, Tarraga J, Montaner D, Alloza E, Vaquerizas JMM, Conde L, Blaschke C, Vera J, Dopazo J (2006) BABELOMICS: a systems biology perspective in the functional annotation of genome-scale experiments. Nucleic Acids Res 34:W472–W476Alos E, Cercos M, Rodrigo MJ, Zacarias L, Talon M (2006) Regulation of color break in citrus fruits. Changes in pigment profiling and gene expression induced by gibberellins and nitrate, two ripening retardants. J Agric Food Chem 54:4888–4895Bugos RC, Chiang VL, Zhang XH, Campbell ER, Podila GK, Campbell WH (1995) RNA isolation from plant tissues recalcitrant to extraction in guanidine. Biotechniques 19:734–737Costantini E, Landi L, Silvestroni O, Pandolfini T, Spena A, Mezzetti B (2007) Auxin synthesis-encoding transgene enhances grape fecundity. Plant Physiol 143:1689–1694Debeaujon I, Nesi N, Perez P, Devic M, Grandjean O, Caboche M, Lepiniec L (2003) Proanthocyanidin-accumulating cells in Arabidopsis testa: regulation of differentiation and role in seed development. Plant Cell 15:2514–2531Dorcey E, Urbez C, Blazquez MA, Carbonell J, Perez-Amador MA (2009) Fertilization-dependent auxin response in ovules triggers fruit development through the modulation of gibberellin metabolism in Arabidopsis. Plant J 58:318–332Debeaujon I, Peeters AJ, Léon-Kloosterziel KM, Koornneef M (2001) The TRANSPARENT TESTA12 gene of Arabidopsis encodes a multidrug secondary transporter-like protein required for flavonoid sequestration in vacuoles of the seed coat endothelium. Plant Cell 13:853–571Forment J, Gadea J, Huerta L, Abizanda L, Agusti J, Alamar S, Alos E, Andres F, Arribas R, Beltran JP, Berbel A, Blazquez MA, Brumos J, Canas LA, Cercos M, Colmenero-Flores JM, Conesa A, Estables B, Gandia M, Garcia-Martinez JL, Gimeno J, Gisbert A, Gomez G, Gonzalez-Candelas L, Granell A, Guerra J, Lafuente MT, Madueno F, Marcos JF, Marques MC, Martinez F, Martinez-Godoy MA, Miralles S, Moreno P, Navarro L, Pallas V, Perez-Amador MA, Perez-Valle J, Pons C, Rodrigo I, Rodriguez PL, Royo C, Serrano R, Soler G, Tadeo F, Talon M, Terol J, Trenor M, Vaello L, Vicente O, Vidal C, Zacarias L, Conejero V (2005) Development of a citrus genome-wide EST collection and cDNA microarray as resources for genomic studies. Plant Mol Biol 57:375–391Forment J, Gilabert F, Robles A, Conejero V, Nuez F, Blanca JM (2008) EST2uni: an open, parallel tool for automated EST analysis and database creation, with a data mining web interface and microarray expression data integration. BMC Bioinformatics 9:5Fos M, Nuez F, Garcia-Martinez JL (2000) The gene pat-2, which induces natural parthenocarpy, alters the gibberellin content in unpollinated tomato ovaries. Plant Physiol 122:471–480Fos M, Proaño K, Nuez F, Garcia-Martinez JL (2001) Role of gibberellins in parthenocarpic fruit development induced by the genetic system pat-3/pat-4 in tomato. Physiol Plant 111:545–550Hashimoto JG, Beadles-Bohling AS, Wiren KM (2004) Comparison of RiboGreen and 18S rRNA quantitation for normalizing real-time RT-PCR expression analysis. Biotechniques 36:54–60Haughn G, Chaudhury A (2005) Genetic analysis of seed coat development in Arabidopsis. Trends Plant Sci 10:472–477Hartley RW (1988) Barnase and barstar. Expression of its cloned inhibitor permits expression of a cloned ribonuclease. J Mol Biol 202:913–915Jackson DP (1992) In situ hybridization in plants. In: Bowles DJ, Gurr SJ, Pherenson M (eds) Molecular plant pathology: a practical approach. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp 163–174Koltunow AM (1993) Isolation and construction of genes to control seed production in Citrus. In: Hyashi T, Omura M, Scott NS (eds) Techniques on gene diagnosis and breeding. Fruit Tree Research Station, Tsukuba, Japan, pp 101–108Koltunow AM, Soltys K, Nito N, Mcclure S (1995) Anther, ovule, seed and nucellar embryo development in Citrus sinensis cv Valencia. Can J Bot 73:1567–1582Koltunow AM, Brennan P, Bond JE, Barker SJ (1998) Evaluation of genes to reduce seed size in Arabidopsis and tobacco and their application to Citrus. Mol Breeding 4:235–251Le BH, Cheng C, Bui AQ, Wagmaister JA, Henry KF, Pelletier J, Kwong L, Belmonte M, Kirkbride R, Horvath S, Drews GN, Fischer RL, Okamuro JK, Harada JJ, Goldberg RB (2010) Global analysis of gene activity during Arabidopsis seed development and identification of seed-specific transcription factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:8063–8070Li DD, Shi W, Deng XX (2002) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of embryogenic calluses of Ponkan mandarin and the regeneration of plants containing the chimeric ribonuclease gene. Plant Cell Rep 21:153–156Marques MC, Alonso-Cantabrana H, Forment J, Arribas R, Alamar S, Conejero V, Perez-Amador MA (2009) A new set of ESTs and cDNA clones from full-length and normalized libraries for gene discovery and functional characterization in citrus. BMC Genomics 10:428Mezzetti B, Landi L, Pandolfini T, Spena A (2004) The DefH9-iaaM auxin-synthesizing gene increases plant fecundity and fruit production in strawberry and raspberry. BMC Biotechnology 4:4Nesi N, Debeaujon I, Jond C, Stewart AJ, Jenkins GI, Caboche M, Lepiniec L (2002) The TRANSPARENT TESTA16 locus encodes the ARABIDOPSIS BSISTER MADS domain protein and is required for proper development and pigmentation of the seed coat. Plant Cell 14:2463–2479Olimpieri I, Siligato F, Caccia R, Mariotti L, Ceccarelli N, Soressi GP, Mazzucato A (2007) Tomato fruit-set driven by pollination or by the parthenocarpic fruit allele are mediated by transcriptionally regulated gibberellin biosynthesis. Planta 226:877–888Peer AW, Brown DE, Tague BW, Muday GK, Taiz L, Murphy AS (2001) Flavonoid accumulation patterns of transparent testa mutants of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 126:536–548Rommens CM, Haring MA, Swords K, Davies HV, Belknap WR (2007) The intragenic approach as a new extension to traditional plant breeding. Trends Plant Sci 12:397–403Rotino GL, Acciarri N, Sabatini E, Mennella G, Scalzo RL, Maestrelli A, Molesini B, Pandolfini T, Scalzo J, Mezzetti B, Spena A (2005) Open field trial of genetically modified parthenocarpic tomato: seedlessness and fruit quality. 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Situaciones aditivas: análisis didáctico y propuesta de enseñanza de los algoritmos para primero de primaria.

trabajo de didáctica de matemáticas análisis didáctico

Urbanización marginal e impacto ambiental en la ciudad de Montería

En esta tesis doctoral se analiza el impacto ambiental que tiene la urbanización marginal en una ciudad colombiana. Para ello, se aborda el estudio del fenómeno a partir de un enfoque multidisciplinar, que permite, por un lado, identificar las múltiples causas que estimulan este tipo de ocupación, y por el otro, presentar explicaciones lógicas acerca de su conformación, evolución, consolidación e impacto. El contexto geográfico de estudio es la ciudad de Montería; la investigación se realiza en ocho años, y el periodo analizado transcurre entre 1952 y 2010. La tesis muestra, a partir de diferentes enfoques disciplinares, el efecto negativo que la ocupación irregular causa a los subsistemas ecológico, social, económico y urbanístico, y los respectivos fenómenos que dicho efecto genera en cada uno de ellos, o colectivamente; es decir, la alteración de los ecosistemas locales, los riesgos sanitarios, la insalubridad, los desequilibrios económicos y las deficiencias urbanísticas que inciden negativamente en la calidad ambiental urbana de la ciudad de Montería. Además, se establecen diferentes categorías de asentamientos, asociadas esencialmente, a elementos de tipo constructivo, origen del dominio, tiempo de conformación y percepción de sus ocupantes. El enfoque multidisciplinar con que se aborda esta investigación exigió recurrir a una diversidad de elementos teóricos que provienen no sólo del urbanismo, sino de otras disciplinas como la arquitectura, la economía, la ecología, el derecho y la sociología, y dentro de los cuales destacamos los conceptos tradicionales de urbanización, o ciudad, �informal�, �marginal, �espontánea�, �irregular� �subnormal�, �asentamiento de desarrollo progresivo�, y �vivienda de autoconstrucción�. Igualmente se aportan nuevos elementos teóricos, que posibilitan una mejor comprensión y explicación del fenómeno, y la ampliación de un glosario, hasta ahora un tanto polémico. Estos conceptos son: �vivienda subnorma�, �vivienda de transición� ..Pinedo López, JW. (2012). Urbanización marginal e impacto ambiental en la ciudad de Montería [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/16468Palanci

The location of the tibial accelerometer does influence impact acceleration parameters during running

Tibial accelerations have been associated with a number of running injuries. However, studies attaching the tibial accelerometer on the proximal section are as numerous as those attaching the accelerometer on the distal section. This study aimed to investigate whether accelerometer location influences acceleration parameters commonly reported in running literature. To fulfil this purpose, 30 athletes ran at 2.22, 2.78 and 3.33 m · s–1 with three accelerometers attached with double-sided tape and tightened to the participants’ tolerance on the forehead, the proximal section of the tibia and the distal section of the tibia. Time-domain (peak acceleration, shock attenuation) and frequency-domain parameters (peak frequency, peak power, signal magnitude and shock attenuation in both the low and high frequency ranges) were calculated for each of the tibial locations. The distal accelerometer registered greater tibial acceleration peak and shock attenuation compared to the proximal accelerometer. With respect to the frequency-domain analysis, the distal accelerometer provided greater values of all the low-frequency parameters, whereas no difference was observed for the high-frequency parameters. These findings suggest that the location of the tibial accelerometer does influence the acceleration signal parameters, and thus, researchers should carefully consider the location they choose to place the accelerometer so that equivalent comparisons across studies can be made. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis GroupThis study was supported by the Spanish Government [Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, Grant FPU12/00574; and Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Subdireccion General de Proyectos de Investigacion, Convocatoria Proyectos I+D "Excelencia", Subprograma de Generacion de Conocimiento, 2013, Grant DEP2013-48420-P].Lucas Cuevas, ÁG.; Encarnacion Martinez, A.; Camacho García, A.; Llana Belloch, S.; Pérez Soriano, P. (2016). The location of the tibial accelerometer does influence impact acceleration parameters during running. Journal of Sports Sciences. 35(17):1734-1738. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.123579217341738351

Early Clinical Experience with Trifluridine/Tipiracil for Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The ROS Study

Quimioterapia; Cáncer colorrectal; Trifluridina/tipiracilQuimioteràpia; Càncer colorectal; Trifluridina/tipiracilChemotherapy; Colorectal cancer; Trifluridine/tipiracilTrifluridine/tipiracil is currently approved for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) refractory to available therapies. However, there is no consensus on factors that predict treatment outcomes in daily practice. We assessed the early clinical experience with trifluridine/tipiracil in Spain and potential survival markers. This was a retrospective cohort study of mCRC patients who participated in the trifluridine/tipiracil early clinical experience programme in Spain. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Associations between OS and patient characteristics were assessed using multivariate Cox regression analyses. A total of 379 patients were included in the study. Trifluridine/tipiracil was administered for a median of 3.0 cycles and discontinued mainly due to disease progression (79.2%). The median OS was 7.9 months, with a 12-month OS rate of 30.5%. Cox analyses revealed that the following variables independently enhanced OS: ≤2 metastatic sites, no liver metastasis, alkaline phosphatase < 300 IU, trifluridine/tipiracil dose reductions, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio < 5. Grade ≥ 3 toxicities were reported in 141 (37.2%) patients, including mainly afebrile neutropaenia (23.2%), anaemia (12.1%), and thrombocytopaenia (5.3%). This study supports the real-life efficacy and safety of trifluridine/tipiracil for refractory mCRC and identifies tumour burden, liver metastasis, alkaline phosphatase, dose reductions, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as survival markers.This work was supported by the Spanish Cooperative Group for the Treatment of Digestive Tumours (TTD) through a grant provided by Laboratorios Servier S.L. (grant reference number: not applicable)

Analysis of the concentration of emissions from the Spanish fleet of tugboats

At present, the sensitivity of society towards emissions in commercial maritime ports is increasing, which is reflected in the large number of studies on the control of emissions in them, perhaps because the most important commercial ports are located in cities with high population density. The objective of this work was to determine the greenhouse gas emissions caused by the activity of the Spanish tugboat fleet, studying the tugboat fleet of the eleven autonomous coastal Spanish communities from 2004 to 2017 and their impact on the carbon footprint of the country?s shipping sector. To do this, the methodology used by the International Maritime Organization for merchant ships to estimate the emissions of a tugboat fleet is formalized, and Gini concentration index methodology was applied to the concentration of emissions from this fleet. This has made it possible to obtain results on the distribution of the concentration of emissions from Spanish ports by region, age, and size, as well as to establish the profile of the tugboat port that pollutes the most and its carbon footprint. One of the results is that in the period analyzed, the concentration of emissions from the Spanish tugboat fleet increased if we looked at its distribution by region, and decreased if we look at its distribution by age and size. This is because tugboat activity was very different by region; however, their characteristics related to age and size evolved in a more homogeneous way

Factores que inciden en la elección de una carrera online en los postulantes a la universidad técnica de Manabí

This research analyzes the choice of online education by applicants to enter the Technical University of Manabí and the factors that interact in the decision making. Socioeconomic access, demographics, technology, age and academics are considered key elements in choosing online education. Access to online education is related to socioeconomic status, geographic location, and technology availability. Age and academic offerings also influence the choice of online programs. In this study, a survey was carried out among students at the Technical University of Manabí (UTM) to investigate how these factors influence the choice of online careers. The results reveal that the majority of students who choose online education have low income, secondary educational level, and many are unemployed or have never worked. The majority come from the province of Manabí, but there are also students from other regions of Ecuador and even from abroad. Age varies, with a majority of youth and young adults. Most respondents have access to the Internet and technological devices, and a significant percentage have had previous experience with online education. The choice of UTM online degrees is mainly due to flexible schedules, the elimination of geographical barriers and the variety of academic options. The socioeconomic factor and academic offer have the greatest influence on the choice, followed by geographical location and technological access. Age has a less significant influence.Esta investigación analiza la elección de la educación en línea por parte de los postulantes a ingresar a la Universidad Técnica de Manabí y los factores que interactúan en la toma de decisión. &nbsp;El acceso socioeconómico, la demografía, la tecnología, la edad y el aspecto académico se consideran elementos clave en la elección de la educación en línea. El acceso a la educación en línea está relacionado con el nivel socioeconómico, la ubicación geográfica y la disponibilidad de tecnología. La edad y la oferta académica también influyen en la elección de programas en línea. En este estudio se llevó a cabo una encuesta entre estudiantes de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí (UTM) para investigar cómo estos factores influyen en la elección de carreras en línea. Los resultados revelan que la mayoría de los estudiantes que eligen la educación en línea tienen ingresos bajos, nivel educativo secundario, y muchos están desempleados o nunca han trabajado. La mayoría proviene de la provincia de Manabí, pero también hay estudiantes de otras regiones de Ecuador e incluso del extranjero. La edad varía, con una mayoría de jóvenes y adultos jóvenes. La mayoría de los encuestados tienen acceso a Internet y dispositivos tecnológicos, y un porcentaje significativo ya ha tenido experiencia previa con la educación en línea. La elección de carreras en línea de la UTM se debe principalmente a horarios flexibles, la eliminación de barreras geográficas y la variedad de opciones académicas. El factor socioeconómico y la oferta académica tienen la mayor influencia en la elección, seguidos de la ubicación geográfica y el acceso tecnológico. La edad tiene una influencia menos significativa