Violencia Sexual

Las mujeres son las víctimas más comunes de las agresiones sexuales y violaciones (86-89% del total de casos denunciados), aunque la violación masculina esta enormemente infra-denunciada (5-10% del total). Desde una perspectiva forense, el conocimiento de la prevalencia, tipo, localización y cicatrización de las lesiones puede ayudar al profesional a interpretar los hallazgos en un caso denunciado ya que, la cuestión más importante que se le puede a plantear en un juicio es, que realice una estimación de la probabilidad de lesión en un caso particular. Sin embargo, en la actualidad, la única certeza con la que contamos es, que tanto el contacto consentido como no consentido pueden producir lesiones genitales y corporales. A lo largo de este trabajo, consideraremos algunas de las múltiples variables incontrolables que hacen que otras conclusiones sobre este asunto sean alcanzadas. Existen muchos mitos sobre la violencia sexual, pero las percepciones sobre la masculinidad y el poder del hombre hacen que las victimas masculinas sean especialmente incomprendidas por la sociedad y también, más culpabilizadas que las femeninas. En este trabajo trataremos de entender algunos de los aspectos característicos de las agresiones masculinas. Además, analizaremos las denuncias falsas de violación. Las denuncias falsas constituyen un problema ya que no son en absoluto inofensivas, su prevalencia actual está entre el 2-10%. Éstas, se diferencias de las verdaderas en aspectos esenciales de la historia narrada por las denunciantes ya que las víctimas no tienen que reconstruir el suceso, sino que sólo narran un acontecimiento real

Adaptive exposure estimation for high dynamic range imaging applied to natural scenes and daylight skies

Digital imaging of natural scenes and optical phenomena present on them (such as shadows, twilights, and crepuscular rays) can be a very challenging task because of the range spanned by the radiances impinging on the capture system. We propose a novel method for estimating the set of exposure times (bracketing set) needed to capture the full dynamic range of a scene with high dynamic range (HDR) content. The proposed method is adaptive to scene content and to any camera response and configuration, and it works on-line since the exposure times are estimated as the capturing process is ongoing. Besides, it requires no a priori information about scene content or radiance values. The resulting bracketing sets are minimal in the default method settings, but the user can set a tolerance for the maximum percentage of pixel population that is underexposed or saturated, which allows for a higher number of shots if a better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the HDR scene is desired. This method is based on the use of the camera response function that is needed for building the HDR radiance map by stitching together several differently exposed low dynamic range images of the scene. The use of HDR imaging techniques converts our digital camera into a tool for measuring the relative radiance outgoing from each point of the scene, and for each color channel. This is important for accurate characterization of optical phenomena present in the atmosphere while not suffering any loss of information due to its HDR.We have compared our method with the most similar one developed so far [IEEE Trans. Image Process. 17, 1864 (2008)]. Results of the experiments carried out for 30 natural scenes show that our proposed method equals or outperforms the previously developed best approach, with less shots and shorter exposure times, thereby asserting the advantage of being adaptive to scene content for exposure time estimation. As we can also tune the balance between capturing time and the SNR in our method, we have compared its SNR performance against that of Barakat’s method as well as against a ground-truth HDR image of maximum SNR. Results confirm the success of the proposed method in exploiting its tunability to achieve the desired balance of total Δt and SNR

Modeling oil price uncertainty effects on economic growth in Mexico: a sector-level analysis

This paper analyzes the impact of international oil price uncertainty on the different economic sectors (primary, secondary, and tertiary) in Mexico in the period 1993:1–2020:4 through a bivariate structural vector autoregressive (VAR) model with a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) in mean to capture the impact of oil volatility on economic growth at the sectoral level of economic activity. The results show that the uncertainty of the international price of oil has a differentiated effect on the different sectors of economic activity in Mexico since it does not influence the primary sector; it negatively impacts the secondary sector, and there is mixed evidence in the tertiary sector. Additionally, evidence is provided that both positive and negative shocks to the international oil price have asymmetric effects at the sectoral level in Mexico. The results highlight the need to implement public policies, at the country level, that help mitigate the effect of uncertainty in the oil market and promote economic stability at the sector level.Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Long-term effects of blue-blocking spectacle lenses on color perception

The use of blue-blocking filters is increasing in spectacle lens users. Despite the low absorption in the blue range, some users complain about these filters because they affect their color perception. In a pilot study we have evaluated how the long-term use of 8 different blue-blocking filters impact the color perception during more than 2 weeks on a group of 18 normal color vision observers, compared with a control group of 10 observers. The evaluation was done using the FM100, the Color Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) and an achromatic point measurement. Our results show that there is a trend to worsen with the filters on.Junta de Andalucia A-TIC-050-UGR18Spanish Government FIS2017-89258-P RTI2018094738-B-I0

Recent Approaches for the Manufacturing of Polymeric Cranial Prostheses by Incremental Sheet Forming

This paper presents recent research experiences developed with the aim of manufacturing cranial prostheses in polymeric sheet using Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) technologies. With this purpose, different approaches have been carried out in Single-Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) and Two-Point Incremental Forming (TPIF) in order to produce customized cranial implants using different polymeric materials. In this context, this research work provides a methodology to design and manufacture polymer customized cranial prostheses using the ISF technologies starting from a patient’s computerized tomography (CT). The results demonstrate the potential of manufacturing polymeric cranial prostheses by ISF in terms of the high formability achievable and show the appropriate geometrical accuracy at affordable manufacturing costs provided by these processes.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad DPI2015-64047-

Influence of longitudinal clips in thermal stresses and deflection in solar tubular receivers

Mechanical boundary conditions in tubular receivers of solar power tower plants have a main role in the thermal stress distribution and tube deflection. Longitudinal supports, particularly, has an strong influence on stress and displacements, since they prevent the tube bending. In this work, the influence of longitudinal supports, on tube deflection and stress has been studied in external-cylindrical receivers, using an analytical methodology, which it is able to take into account the tube geometry in the deflection calculation. Therefore, real tube geometry with elbows can be considered. Results for two aiming strategies, one equatorial and another that flattens the heat flux, have been compared for different clips distances, from 1 to 9 meters. The analytical methodology developed in Matlab provides lower computational cost than the numerical model developed in Abaqus. Results show that clip distribution has a significant impact on thermal stress. For clips distance of 2 meters or lower, the generalised plane strain solution provides the stress distribution along the tube accurately, with a tube deflection lower than 1 millimetrer. When clips distance increases, the longitudinal stress distribution differs from the plane strain case, and the deflection increases to non-desirable values. Deflection is greater at tube ends, and aiming strategies that flatten the heat flux increases the displacement in that regions.This work has been supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (Projects RTI2018-096664-B-C21 and RTI2018-096664-B-C22 (MICINN/FEDER, UE)) of the Spanish Government and the Iberdrola Foundation Spain under the fellowship "Ayudas a la investigación en energía y medio ambiente 2018"

Numerical model of solar external receiver tubes: Influence of mechanical boundary conditions and temperature variation in thermoelastic stresses

Failure in solar external receivers is mainly originated from the thermal stress, caused by the high non-uniform transient solar flux. The heat-up and cooldown of tube receivers in daily cycles produce low-cycle fatigue that limits the lifetime of tubes. The corrosion of tube materials produced by incompatibility between the decomposed heat transfer fluid and tube material may increase this issue. The temperature spatial distribution in these tubes has strong variations in radial, circumferential, and axial directions. The stress field, produced by the temperature gradients, has been commonly analyzed using bidimensional models in isolated tube cross sections, without taking into account the axial temperature variation, the mechanical boundary conditions, and the temperature-dependent thermomechanical properties. In this work, a three-dimensional finite element model has been developed in order to calculate the stress field distribution, without performing any geometrical simplification. In addition, appropriate mechanical boundary conditions have been imposed in order to adequately simulate the tube behavior. Besides, radial, circumferential and axial temperature variations have been studied separately to analyze how each of them influences the maximum stress distribution. This 3D modelhas been compared with analytical solutions for the two-dimensional thermal stress problem incircular hollow cylinders. The results show that the boundary conditions have a significant effect on the tube stresses, increasing the axial stress component and therefore the equivalent stress. The analysis of each of the temperature variations showed that the circumferential variationtemperature is the one that produces most of the stress, since it tries to strongly bend the tube, which is impeded by the boundary conditions. The results also present that 2D models are not capable of obtaining the correct stress distribution along the tube, since they are not taking into account the loThis work has been supported by the Iberdrola Foundation Spain under the fellowship "Ayudas a la investigación en energía y medio ambiente". M.R. Rodríguez-Sánchez and D. Santana would like to thank the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad the support of the project ENE2015-69486-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE)

Combining transverse field detectors and color filter arrays to improve multispectral imaging systems

This work focuses on the improvement of a multispectral imaging sensor based on transverse field detectors (TFDs). We aimed to achieve a higher color and spectral accuracy in the estimation of spectral reflectances from sensor responses. Such an improvement was done by combining these recently developed silicon-based sensors with color filter arrays (CFAs). Consequently, we sacrificed the filter-less full spatial resolution property of TFDs to narrow down the spectrally broad sensitivities of these sensors.We designed and performed several experiments to test the influence of different design features on the estimation quality (type of sensor, tunability, interleaved polarization, use of CFAs, type of CFAs, number of shots), some of which are exclusive to TFDs.We compared systems that use a TFD with systems that use normal monochrome sensors, both combined with multispectral CFAs as well as common RGB filters present in commercial digital color cameras. Results showed that a system that combines TFDs and CFAs performs better than systems with the same type of multispectral CFA and other sensors, or even the same TFDs combined with different kinds of filters used in common imaging systems. We propose CFA+TFD-based systems with one or two shots, depending on the possibility of using longer capturing times or not. Improved TFD systems thus emerge as an interesting possibility for multispectral acquisition, which overcomes the limited accuracy found in previous studies.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the research project DPI2011-2320

Cohesión y diversificación de la asignatura de estética: su impartición simultánea en diferentes grados de la Universidad de Salamanca

Memoria ID-0058. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2017-2018

Sociocultural influences on the feeling of loneliness of family caregivers of people with dementia: The role of kinship

The extent to which familism, dysfunctional thoughts, and coping variables contribute to explaining feelings of loneliness in caregivers, controlling for kinship, is analyzed. Participants were 273 family caregivers of people with dementia. Sociodemographic variables, familism, dysfunctional thoughts, coping strategies for requesting and receiving help, perceived social support, and leisure activities were assessed. The fit of a theoretical model for explaining the effect of cultural and psychological variables on feelings of loneliness in each kinship group was tested. No significant differences in the distribution of loneliness by kinship were found. Higher levels of familism are associated with more dysfunctional thoughts, that are linked to more maladaptive strategies for coping with caring (e.g., less social support and fewer leisure activities). This in turn is associated with higher scores in the feeling of loneliness. The model bore particular relevance to the group of daughters, husbands, and sons, yet not in the case of wives. Sociocultural and coping factors associated with the caring process seem to play an important role in explaining feelings of loneliness in caregivers. Sociocultural factors associated with the care process seem to play an important role in explaining feelings of loneliness in caregiversThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PSI2015-65152-C2-1-R) and the Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-106714RB-C21). Cristina Huertas and Samara Barrera were supported by a FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport. María del Sequeros Pedroso-Chaparro was supported by a FPI grant from the Universidad Autónoma de Madr