Saguenail: quem faz um filme de cinco em cinco anos precisa de três vidas para saber do ofício

O projecto “Principais tendências no cinema português contemporâneo” nasceu no Departamento de Cinema da ESTC, com o objectivo de desenvolver investigação especializada a partir de um núcleo formado por alunos da Licenciatura em Cinema e do Mestrado em Desenvolvimento de Projecto Cinematográfico, a que se juntaram professores-investigadores membros do CIAC e convidados. O que agora se divulga corresponde a dois anos e meio de trabalho desenvolvido pela equipa de investigação, entre Abril de 2009 e Novembro de 2011. Dada a forma que ele foi adquirindo, preferimos renomeá-lo, para efeitos de divulgação, “Novas & velhas tendências no cinema português contemporâneo”.QUAIS SÃO, hoje, as principais características do desenvolvimento de projectos para cinema em Portugal? O que pensam realizadores cinematográficos, produtores, distribuidores e exibidores sobre o cinema português? Que conclusões tirar das suas opiniões, relatos de experiências e análises da situação contemporânea? Que novas tendências surgiram no cinema português, nos primeiros anos do séc. XXI?Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Centro de Investigação em Artes e Comunicação, Instituto do Cinema e do Audiovisual, Ministério da Cultura, Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinema

Criteria for the comparison of usability and accessibility of anatomical 3d web interfaces

A utilização de bonecos anatômicos virtuais tem conquistado espaço no ensino das ciências de saúde. Sua utilização auxilia no estudo médico de anatomia e na simulação de pacientes com patologias, doenças agudas e traumas. As tecnologias recentes tornaram possível o surgimento de vários bonecos anatômicos virtuais tridimensionais de acesso Web. Realizou-se, então, a definição de critérios para a avaliação e escolha desses bonecos com o foco no ensino na área de saúde ou aplicações médicas, com o objetivo de auxiliar na escolha do boneco mais adequado conforme cada contexto. Para tal, foram levantados alguns frameworks de avaliação relacionados ao tema e então desenvolvidos os critérios de avaliação e seus níveis de pontuação, até finalmente avaliarem-se os bon¬ecos anatômicos encontrados. Como resultado, foram definidos os critérios de navegabilidade, tridimensionalidade, interatividade e realismo, cada um destes podendo receber pontuação de 0 a 5. Entre os bonecos avaliados, os bonecos BioDigital Human e Anato¬mography foram os que obtiveram as melhores pontuações ao todo, 16 pontos, ou 80%. No quadro geral, os bonecos apresentaram uma pontuação média de 2,78 pontos, ou 55,56%, com desvio padrão de 1,56. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe use of virtual anatomical manikin has reached within the health science education. Its use helps in the study of anatomy and medical simulation in patients with pathologies, acute illnesses and injuries. Recent technologies have made possible the availability of several virtual three-dimensional anatomical manikins in the Web. The next step was the defini¬tion of criteria for evaluation and selection of these manikins with the focus on the education in healthcare or medical appli¬cations in order to assist in choosing the most appropriate manikin as each setting. For this, we collected some assessment frameworks related to the topic and then developed the evaluation criteria and scoring levels, and finally was evaluated the anatomic manikins found. Then, we defined the criteria for navigability, three-dimensionality, interactivity and realism, each of which may receive score 0-5. Among the assessed manikins, the Human BioDigital and Anatomography were the ones with the best scores overall, 16 points or 80%. In the big picture, the manikins had a mean score of 2.78 points or 55.56% with a standard deviation of 1.56

Proportion dominance in valuing lives: The role of deliberative thinking

Proportion responding (PR) is the preference for proportionally higher gains, such that the same absolute quantity is valued more as the reference group decreases. This research investigated this kind of proportion PR in decisions about saving lives (e.g., saving 10/10 lives is preferred to saving 10/100 lives). The results of two studies suggest that PR does not stem from an overall tendency to choose higher proportions, but rather from faulty deliberative reasoning. In particular, people who display PR are less likely to engage in deliberative reflection as measured by response time, the Process Dissociation Procedure, the Cognitive Reflection Test, a numeracy test, and a task assessing denominator neglect. This association between faulty deliberation and PR was observed only when choosing the highest proportion was non-normative because it came at the expense of absolute gains (e.g., saving 10/10 lives is preferred to saving 11/100 lives). These results help to make sense of discrepant findings in previous research, pertaining to how PR relates to biased reasoning and decision making.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Further Tests of the Metacognitive Advantage Model: Counterfactuals, Confidence and Affect

This study tested whether people have an accurate sense of how good their reasoning is, as measured by their confidence in their responses, and how good they feel after they give those responses. First, incorrect responders were unjustifiably confident in their responses. However, correct responders were even more confident, and this confidence boost was found to come from their awareness of alternative solutions that are intuitive but incorrect. An affect measure revealed the same pattern: correct responders felt better, and incorrect responders felt worse, after they solved reasoning problems, but this was only the case when post-reasoning affect was measured after participants were instructed to think of alternative solutions. Implications are discussed for the possibility of implicit error monitoring, the role of counterfactual thinking in meta-reasoning, and the use of affective measures in meta-reasoning research

Julgamento de covariação: Uma revisão

This paper reviews a selection of influential studies on judgment of covariation in order to examine how accurate people’s covariation judgments are in general, and how sophisticated are the reasoning strategies that they use to make those judgments. Very different answers have been given to these questions, depending on several factors, including the method that is used to assess people’s performance on these tasks, and the motivation that people have to reach certain conclusions. It is argued that, although people are often quite poor at judging covariation, they are flexible in the reasoning strategies that they use to do so, and they have the potential to use sophisticated strategies and make accurate judgments when certain conditions are met.Este artigo revê um conjunto de estudos influentes sobre julgamento de covariação de modo a examinar quão correctos são os julgamentos de covariação das pessoas em geral e quão sofisticadas são as estratégias de raciocínio que elas usam para fazer esses julgamentos. Diferentes respostas têm sido dadas a essas questões, dependendo de vários factores, como o método que é usado para avaliar o desempenho nestas tarefas, e a motivação que as pessoas têm para alcançar certas conclusões. Apesar de as pessoas errarem frequentemente ao fazer estes julgamentos, também existe evidência de que elas são flexíveis nas estratégias de raciocínio que usam, e que têm o potencial para usar estratégias sofisticadas e fazer julgamentos correctos quando certas condições estão reunidas.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Further Tests of the Metacognitive Advantage Model: Counterfactuals, Confidence and Affect

This study tested whether people have an accurate sense of how good their reasoning is, as measured by their confidence in their responses, and how good they feel after they give those responses. First, incorrect responders were unjustifiably confident in their responses. However, correct responders were even more confident, and this confidence boost was found to come from their awareness of alternative solutions that are intuitive but incorrect. An affect measure revealed the same pattern: correct responders felt better, and incorrect responders felt worse, after they solved reasoning problems, but this was only the case when post-reasoning affect was measured after participants were instructed to think of alternative solutions. Implications are discussed for the possibility of implicit error monitoring, the role of counterfactual thinking in meta-reasoning, and the use of affective measures in meta-reasoning research

Using metacognitive cues to infer others’ thinking

Three studies tested whether people use cues about the way other people think—for example, whether others respond fast vs. slow—to infer what responses other people might give to reasoning problems. People who solve reasoning problems using deliberative thinking have better insight than intuitive problem-solvers into the responses that other people might give to the same problems. Presumably because deliberative responders think of intuitive responses before they think of deliberative responses, they are aware that others might respond intuitively, particularly in circumstances that hinder deliberative thinking (e.g., fast responding). Intuitive responders, on the other hand, are less aware of alternative responses to theirs, so they infer that other people respond as they do, regardless of the way others respond

gasification of lignin rich residues for the production of biofuels via syngas fermentation comparison of gasification technologies

This paper reports the use of lignin-rich residues from second generation bioethanol production, to produce syngas that can be applied in the gas fermentation process. Three gasification technologies at a different scale were considered in this study. Fixed bed updraft gasification of about 30 kg/h solid feed, bubbling fluidized bed gasification of about 0.3 kg/h solid feed and indirect gasification of about 3 kg/h solid feed. Two lignin-rich residues with different properties were tested and the results were evaluated in terms of feedstock pretreatment (grinding, drying and pelleting) and syngas quality requirements for the fermentation process. The molar H 2 /CO ratio (ranging from 0.6 to 1.0) and the tar yield (18–108 g/Nm 3 ) obtained from the three gasification technologies was quite different. For the syngas fermentation process, low H 2 to CO ratio is preferred, as most of the organisms grow better on CO than H 2 . Furthermore, different contents of impurities that can reduce the fermentability of the gas (such as hydrocarbons, HCN, HCl, NH 3 , COS and other organic S- compounds) were detected in the product gas. The concentration of these compounds in the syngas is related to the content of the corresponding compounds in the original feedstock. The different characteristics of the lignin-rich feedstocks are related to the specific pre-treatment technologies for the (hemi)cellulose extraction. By tuning the pre-treatment technology, the properties of the feedstock can be improved, making it a suitable for gasification. Tar and unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds need to be removed to very low levels prior to the fermentation process. As a next step, the combination of the gasification and the appropriate product gas cleaning, with the syngas fermentation process for the production of bio-alcohols will be evaluated and the overall efficiency of the gasification-fermentation process will be assessed. © 201

Revisiting the origin of the bending in group 2 metallocenes AeCp2 (Ae = Be–Ba)

Metallocenes are well-established compounds in organometallic chemistry, and can exhibit either a coplanar structure or a bent structure according to the nature of the metal center (E) and the cyclopentadienyl ligands (Cp). Herein, we re-examine the chemical bonding to underline the origins of the geometry and stability observed experimentally. To this end, we have analysed a series of group 2 metallocenes [Ae(C5R5)2] (Ae = Be–Ba and R = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, and I) with a combination of computational methods, namely energy decomposition analysis (EDA), polarizability model (PM), and dispersion interaction densities (DIDs). Although the metal–ligand bonding nature is mainly an electrostatic interaction (65–78%), the covalent character is not negligible (33–22%). Notably, the heavier the metal center, the stronger the d-orbital interaction with a 50% contribution to the total covalent interaction. The dispersion interaction between the Cp ligands counts only for 1% of the interaction. Despite that orbital contributions become stronger for heavier metals, they never represent the energy main term. Instead, given the electrostatic nature of the metallocene bonds, we propose a model based on polarizability, which faithfully predicts the bending angle. Although dispersion interactions have a fair contribution to strengthen the bending angle, the polarizability plays a major role