The recombinant protein rSP03B is a valid antigen for screening dog exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus across foci of canine leishmaniasis

The frequency of sandfly-host contacts can be measured by host antibody levels against sandfly salivary proteins. Recombinant salivary proteins are suggested to represent a valid replacement for salivary gland homogenate (SGH); however, it is necessary to prove that such antigens are recognized by antibodies against various populations of the same species. Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera: Psychodidae) is the main vector of Leishmania infantum (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) in southwest Europe and is widespread from Portugal to Italy. In this study, sera were sampled from naturally exposed dogs from distant regions, including Campania (southern Italy), Umbria (central Italy) and the metropolitan Lisbon region (Portugal), where P. perniciosus is the unique or principal vector species. Sera were screened for anti-P. perniciosus antibodies using SGH and 43-kDa yellow-related recombinant protein (rSP03B). Arobust correlation between antibodies recognizing SGH and rSP03B was detected in all regions, suggesting substantial antigenic cross-reactivity among different P. perniciosus populations. No significant differences in this relationship were detected between regions. Moreover, rSP03B and the native yellow-related protein were shown to share similar antigenic epitopes, as canine immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding to the native protein was inhibited by pre-incubation with the recombinant form. These findings suggest that rSP03B should be regarded as a universal marker of sandfly exposure throughout the geographical distribution of P. perniciosus.Charles University [GAUK 1642314/2014]; European Union (EU) grant [FP7-261504]; EU's Horizon research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant [642609]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BPD/44082/2008]; Ministerio da Educacao e Ciencia (Foundation for Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Science), Portuga

Portable chlorophyll meter in monitoring and management of nitrogen in common bean cultivars

More sustainable practices involving biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the use of portable chlorophyll meter in fertilization management are promising to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency in the common bean crop. This study aimed to monitor N managements using a portable chlorophyll meter and its effects on agronomic attributes of Carioca-type common bean cultivars with indeterminate and determinate growth habits (‘IPR Campos Gerais’ and ‘IAC Imperador’). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design (RBD), in a 2 × 9 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first factor consisted of the cultivars and the second factor of the N management. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and, when necessary, the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability level. The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for N monitoring and management in common bean, allowing the reduction of top-dressing N application, regardless of the cultivar used. Highlights The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for nitrogen monitoring and management in common bean. Management with chlorophyll meter reduced the need for chemical fertilizer application, saving 105 kg ha-1 of urea. Further studies are needed to better understand this technology under conditions with different genotypes, soils and production systems.More sustainable practices involving biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the use of portable chlorophyll meter in fertilization management are promising to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency in the common bean crop. This study aimed to monitor N managements using a portable chlorophyll meter and its effects on agronomic attributes of Carioca-type common bean cultivars with indeterminate and determinate growth habits (‘IPR Campos Gerais’ and ‘IAC Imperador’). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design (RBD), in a 2 × 9 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first factor consisted of the cultivars and the second factor of the N management. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and, when necessary, the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability level. The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for N monitoring and management in common bean, allowing the reduction of top-dressing N application, regardless of the cultivar used. Highlights The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for nitrogen monitoring and management in common bean. Management with chlorophyll meter reduced the need for chemical fertilizer application, saving 105 kg ha-1 of urea. Further studies are needed to better understand this technology under conditions with different genotypes, soils and production systems

Capital account regulations and the trading system: a compatibility review

This repository item contains a single issue of the Pardee Center Task Force Reports, a publication series that began publishing in 2009 by the Boston University Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future. Spanish version produced by the Center for the Study of State and Society, Buenos Aires. Portuguese version coordinated by Daniela Magalhaes Prates, a contributing author of the report, in collaboration with Ana Trivellato (translator), and Maria Inês Amorozo (graphic designer).This report is the product of the Pardee Center Task Force on Regulating Capital Flows for Long-Run Development and builds on the Task Force´s first report published in March 2012. The Pardee Center Task Force was convened initially in September 2011 as consensus was emerging that the global financial crisis has re-confirmed the need to regulate cross-border finance. The March 2012 report argues that international financial institutions – and in particular the International Monetary Fund – need to support measures that would allow capital account regulations (CARs) to become a standard and effective part of the macroeconomic policy toolkit. Yet some policymakers and academics expressed concern that many nations — and especially developing countries — may not have the flexibility to adequately deploy such regulations because of trade and investment treaties they are party to. In June 2012, the Pardee Center, with the Center for the Study of State and Society (CEDES) in Argentina and Global Development and Environment Institute (GDAE) at Tufts University, convened a second Task Force workshop in Buenos Aires specifically to review agreements at the WTO and various Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) for the extent to which the trading regime is compatible with the ability to deploy effective capital account regulations. This report presents the findings of that review, and highlights a number of potential incompatibilities found between the trade and investment treaties and the ability to deploy CARs. It also highlights an alarming lack of policy space to use CARs under a variety of FTAs and BITs—especially those involving the United States. Like the first report, it was written by an international group of experts whose goal is to help inform discussions and decisions by policymakers at the IMF and elsewhere that will have implications for the economic health and development trajectories for countries around the world

MAQUETES ESPORTIVAS COMO FERRAMENTA PEDAGÓGICA

A atividade de realização das maquetes, se desenvolveu na Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental Attílio Luiz Calza, em São Miguel do Oeste, nas aulas de Educação Física/PIBID, com alunos do 5º ano das séries iniciais. A construção das maquetes esportivas envolveu as modalidades de Atletismo, Basquetebol, Futebol, Handebol, Tênis de mesa, Tênis de quadra/campo e Voleibol. Foi uma excelente maneira para que os alunos entendessem mais sobre as práticas esportivas realizadas e tão comuns em nosso dia a dia. A construção da maquete permite trabalhar de forma visível e acessível os pontos de vista, perspectiva e projeção. Dessa forma, foi possível que os estudantes exercitassem o conceito de cidadania e, ao observar as regras de cada modalidade esportiva, aprendessem a respeitar seus limites e dos colegas, ajudando-os a tornarem-se adultos conscientes. Os esportes coletivos ajudam na integração da criança com o grupo ao passo que os esportes individuais, fazem com que as crianças exeercitem sua autonomia e também a assumirem as responsabilidades por si só. Para a construção das maquetes foram usados isopor, cola quente, tesoura, régua, E.V.A, folhas, areia, erva, canetões entre outros. A maquete serviu de base para explorar a projeção do espaço vivido para o espaço representado. Com a liberdade de construir sua própria maquete, o aluno analisou a questão espacial do ambiente, a ordem lógica da organização e realizou planejamento próprio. A utilização de maquetes como ferramenta pedagógica é uma ótima opção para o auxílio na exposição e fixação de conteúdos

Peanut yield under irrigation levels in off-season cultivation

Water deficit is considered the most critical environmental factor for peanut production in Brazil, as it constitutes one of the major constraints to the expansion of its cultivation in the suitable crop zones of the country. Determining crop water demand is fundamental to increasing yield with lower water consumption. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of full and deficit irrigation levels (L1 = 8%, L2 = 27%, L3 = 63%, L4 = 94% and L5 = 100% replenishment of crop evapotranspiration) on the development, growth and yield of peanut crop sown in two times, February and March. Treatments were distributed in a split-plot randomized complete block design, with four replicates, using a line-source sprinkler system. Irrigation depths from 65 to 314 mm were applied with the levels L1 to L5 during the first and second cropping cycles. Full irrigation with sowing in March was more advantageous due to yield increase of up to 30% compared to sowing in February, but crop cycle was 25 days longer. Water stress caused by deficit irrigation reduced plant height, seed mass and pod yield, while full irrigation (L5) led to yields from 4,141 to 5,102 kg ha-1 for February and March, approximately three times higher than those obtained with the lowest irrigation level (L1). Highlights Peanut has great importance in the food and industry of several countries. The results of this research apply to regions that require irrigation, which is of about 70% of the areas of the globe with this legume. This paper contributes with information that emphasizes the possibility of cultivation in the drought season, aiming at the expansion of the crop and the production of quality seeds using irrigation.Water deficit is considered the most critical environmental factor for peanut production in Brazil, as it constitutes one of the major constraints to the expansion of its cultivation in the suitable crop zones of the country. Determining crop water demand is fundamental to increasing yield with lower water consumption. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of full and deficit irrigation levels (L1 = 8%, L2 = 27%, L3 = 63%, L4 = 94% and L5 = 100% replenishment of crop evapotranspiration) on the development, growth and yield of peanut crop sown in two times, February and March. Treatments were distributed in a split-plot randomized complete block design, with four replicates, using a line-source sprinkler system. Irrigation depths from 65 to 314 mm were applied with the levels L1 to L5 during the first and second cropping cycles. Full irrigation with sowing in March was more advantageous due to yield increase of up to 30% compared to sowing in February, but crop cycle was 25 days longer. Water stress caused by deficit irrigation reduced plant height, seed mass and pod yield, while full irrigation (L5) led to yields from 4,141 to 5,102 kg ha-1 for February and March, approximately three times higher than those obtained with the lowest irrigation level (L1). Highlights Peanut has great importance in the food and industry of several countries. The results of this research apply to regions that require irrigation, which is of about 70% of the areas of the globe with this legume. This paper contributes with information that emphasizes the possibility of cultivation in the drought season, aiming at the expansion of the crop and the production of quality seeds using irrigation

DIVERGENCIA GENÉTICA DE GENOTIPOS DE MAÍZ CULTIVADOS BAJO FERTILIZACIÓN NITROGENADA E INOCULACIÓN CON Azospirillum brasilense

Objetivou-se avaliar e caracterizar o desempenho agronômico de genótipos de milho submetidos a dois fornecimentos de nitrogênio (químico e biológico). O experimento foi conduzido na em segunda safra 2017 e primeira safra 2017/2018, utilizando-se 48 genótipos de milho. Foram adotados dois manejos de fornecimento de nitrogênio em cobertura, sendo eles (1) aplicação de 140 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio mineral em cobertura e (2) inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense (600 mL ha-1 via solo). Os dados foram submetidos a análises exploratórias multivariadas de agrupamento, por método hierárquico, e de componentes principais. Foram identificados quatro grupos, associando as maiores produtividades de grãos com plantas com maior altura e as menores produtividades com período de florescimento curto, plantas com menor altura a com maiores taxas de quebramento e acamamento. Os dois primeiros componentes principais explicaram 70,67% e 66,54% da variabilidade total dos dados para a inoculação com A. brasilense e adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, respectivamente. As análises exploratórias de dados são ferramentas eficientes na caracterização, seleção e agrupamento de genótipos superiores e contrastantes de milho aos manejos de fornecimento de nitrogênio.The aim was to characterize and evaluate the agronomic performance of corn genotypes submitted to two nitrogen supply managements (chemical and biological). The experiment was conducted in the first season (summer season) of the 2017/2018 agricultural year, using 48 corn genotypes. Two managements of nitrogen supply in topdressing were adopted, namely (1) application of 140 kg ha-1 of mineral nitrogen in coverage (urea) and (2) inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense (600 mL ha-1 via soil). The data were submitted to exploratory multivariate analysis of grouping, by hierarchical method, and of main components. Four groups were identified, associating the highest grain yields with plants with higher height and the lowest yields with short flowering period, plants with shorter height and with higher rates of breakage and lodging. The first two main components explained 70.67% and 66.54% of the total variability of the data for inoculation with A. brasilense and nitrogen fertilization in topdressing, respectively. Exploratory data analysis is an efficient tool in the characterization, selection and grouping of superior and contrasting maize genotypes for nitrogen supply management.El objetivo fue caracterizar y evaluar el rendimiento agronómico de los genotipos de maíz sometidos a dos gestiones de suministro de nitrógeno (químico y biológico). El experimento se realizó en la primera cosecha (cosecha de verano) del año agrícola 2017/2018, utilizando 48 genotipos de maíz. Se adoptaron dos gestiones de suministro de nitrógeno en cobertura, a saber (1) la aplicación de 140 kg ha-1 de nitrógeno mineral en cobertura (urea) y (2) la inoculación con Azospirillum brasilense (600 ml ha-1 a través del suelo). Los datos se sometieron a análisis exploratorios multivariados de agrupación, por método jerárquico y de componentes principales. Se identificaron cuatro grupos, que asociaron los rendimientos de grano más altos con plantas con mayor altura y los rendimientos más bajos con un período de floración corto, plantas con altura más corta y con mayores tasas de rotura y alojamiento. Los primeros dos componentes principales explicaron el 70.67% y el 66.54% de la variabilidad total de los datos para la inoculación con A. brasilense y la fertilización nitrogenada en cobertura, respectivamente. El análisis exploratorio de datos es una herramienta eficiente en la caracterización, selección y agrupamiento de genotipos de maíz superiores y contrastantes para el manejo de la oferta de nitrógeno

CRECIMIENTO VEGETATIVO, PRODUCTIVIDAD Y CALIDAD POSTERIOR A LA COSECHA DE CULTIVARES BAJOS DE CAFÉ EN UNA REGIÓN DE BAJA ALTITUD

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e a qualidade pós colheita de 12 cultivares de cafeeiro arábica de porte baixo em região de baixa altitude. O experimento foi conduzido entre os anos de 2008 e 2010, em Jaboticabal, SP, região de altitude média de 575 m. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 12 tratamentos e 4 repetições. As 12 cultivares de café foram: Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 74, Catucaí Amarelo 2 SL, Acauã P 363, Sabiá Tardio, Obatã IAC 1669-20, Tupi IAC 1669-33, Tupi RN, IAC 1669-13, Paraíso MG H419-1 e Rubi MG 1192. Foram analisados os parâmetros de crescimento vegetativo e produtividade durante a fase de formação da lavoura, primeira colheita e avaliações pós-colheita. As cultivares apresentam diferenças no seu crescimento inicial, com as variáveis de crescimento se correlacionando diretamente com a produtividade do cafeeiro, destacando-se a variável diâmetro de copa. As cultivares Sabiá Tardio e Obatã podem ser recomendadas para o cultivo em regiões de baixa altitude, apresentando produtividade acima de 40 sacas por hectare. Além de produtividade satisfatória, a cultivar Catuaí Amarelo IAC62 apresenta as melhores características dos grãos para a obtenção de qualidade de bebida superior, podendo ser recomendada para regiões de baixa altitude.The aim was to evaluate the agronomic performance and postharvest quality of 12 dwarf arabica coffee cultivars in a low altitude region. The experiment was conducted between 2008 and 2010, in Jaboticabal, SP, a region with an average altitude of 550 m. The design used was completely randomized, with 12 treatments and 4 repetitions. The 12 dwarf coffee cultivars were: Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 74, Catucaí Amarelo 2 SL, Acauã P 363, Sabiá Tardio, Obatã IAC 1669-20, Tupi IAC 1669-33, Tupi RN, IAC 1669-13, Paraíso MG H419-1 and Rubi MG 1192. Vegetative growth and yield parameters were analyzed during the crop formation phase, first harvest and post-harvest evaluations. The cultivars show differences in their initial growth, with the growth variables directly correlating with the yield of the coffee, especially the crown diameter variable. The cultivars Sabiá Tardio and Obatã can be recommended for cultivation in low altitude regions, with yield above 40 bags per hectare. In addition to satisfactory yield, the cultivar Catuaí Amarelo IAC62 has the best grain characteristics for obtaining superior drink quality, and can be recommended for low altitude regions.El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el rendimiento agronómico y la calidad poscosecha de 12 bajos cultivares de café arábica en una región de baja altitud. El experimento se realizó entre 2008 y 2010, en Jaboticabal, SP, una región con una altitud promedio de 550 m. El diseño utilizado fue completamente al azar, con 12 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones. Los 12 cultivares de café fueron: Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 74, Catucaí Amarelo 2 SL, Acauã P 363, Sabiá Tardio, Obatã IAC 1669-20, Tupi IAC 1669-33, Tupi RN, IAC 1669-13, Paraíso MG H419-1 y Rubi MG 1192. Se analizaron los parámetros de crecimiento vegetativo y productividad durante la fase de formación del cultivo, la primera cosecha y las evaluaciones posteriores a la cosecha. Los cultivares muestran diferencias en su crecimiento inicial, con las variables de crecimiento directamente correlacionadas con la productividad del cafeto, especialmente la variable de diámetro del dosel. Los cultivares Sabiá Tardio y Obatã pueden recomendarse para el cultivo en regiones de baja altitud, con una productividad superior a 40 sacos por hectárea. Además de una productividad satisfactoria, el cultivar Catuaí Amarelo IAC62 presenta las mejores características de los granos para obtener una calidad de bebida superior, que puede recomendarse para regiones de baja altitud

Vegetation indices in the prediction of biomass and grain yield of white oat under irrigation levels

Vegetation indices are widely used to indicate the nutritional status of crops, as well as to estimate their harvest yield. However, their accuracy is influenced by the phenological stage of evaluation and the index used. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Inverse Ratio Vegetation Index (IRVI) in the prediction of grain yield and biomass of white oat cultivated under irrigation levels, besides indicating the best phenological stage for evaluation. The irrigation levels consisted of 11 %, 31 %, 60 %, 87 % and 100 % of the maximum evapotranspiration, with four replicates. The mean values ​​for NDVI and IRVI were determined using an active terrestrial sensor, at four phenological stages (4, 8, 10 and 10.5.4). The white oat grain yield and biomass may be estimated with a high precision using the NDVI and IRVI. The NDVI was more accurate than the IRVI. The grain yield estimate was more accurate from the flag leaf sheath appearance stage (10), whereas, for the biomass, the best estimate was for the kernel watery ripe stage (10.5.4)

Ecofisiologia e irrigação do amendoim cultivado na segunda safra

A cultura do amendoim é uma excelente alternativa de cultivo ao produtor, seja na questão agrícola, sendo ótima alternativa para a sucessão e rotação de culturas, seja na financeira, tornando-se boa fonte de renda e lucro aos agricultores. Culturas anuais, como o amendoim, geralmente podem ser semeadas em qualquer época do ano. No entanto, devido a características agrícolas, de clima, custos, mercado e logística muitas delas ficam direcionadas somente a uma determinada época de plantio. A safra de verão, ou primeira safra de amendoim, é responsável por quase a totalidade da área plantada no Brasil anualmente, dessa forma, as pesquisas para o cultivo da cultura são praticamente direcionadas para essa época. No entanto, o cultivo do amendoim fora de época, ou segunda safra, vem ganhando destaque por sua rentabilidade, fato devido tanto aos melhores preços do produto no mercado, quanto para a produção de sementes. Sendo assim, esse trabalho tem como objetivo reunir informações técnicas e características do cultivo de amendoim na segunda safra para diminuição dos riscos de produção. Além disso, dará ênfase na utilização e manejo da irrigação, tecnologia que é praticamente imprescindível para o cultivo da leguminosa na segunda safra.The peanut crop is an excellent alternative for cultivation to farmers, whether in the agricultural field, being a good alternative for the succession and rotation of crops, whether in the financial sector, becoming a good source of income and profit for the farmers. Annual crops, such as peanuts, can usually be sown at any time of the year. However, due to the agricultural characteristics, climate, costs, market and logistics, many of them are directed only at a specific planting season. The summer crop, or first peanut crop, is responsible for almost all of the planted area in Brazil annually, in this way, the searches for the cultivation of crop are practically directed for this time. However, the cultivation of peanuts out of season, or second crop, has been gaining prominence due to its profitability, a fact due to both the best prices of the product on the market and for seed production. Thus, this work aims to gather technical information and characteristics of the cultivation of peanuts in the second season to reduce production risks. In addition, will focus on the use and management of irrigation, technology that is practically indispensable for the cultivation of peanuts in the second season.La cosecha de cacahuete es una excelente alternativa para el cultivo a los agricultores, ya sea en el campo agrícola, siendo una buena alternativa para la sucesión y rotación de cultivos, ya sea en el sector financiero, convirtiéndose en una buena fuente de ingresos y ganancias para los agricultores. Los cultivos anuales, como los cacahuetes, se pueden sembrar en cualquier época del año. Sin embargo, debido a las características agrícolas, el clima, los costos, el mercado y la logística, muchos de ellos están dirigidos sólo en una temporada de siembra específica. La cosecha de verano, o primera cosecha de maní, es responsable de casi toda la superficie plantada en Brasil anualmente, de esta manera, las búsquedas para el cultivo de la cosecha se dirigen prácticamente para este tiempo. Sin embargo, el cultivo de cacahuetes fuera de temporada, o segunda cosecha, ha ido ganando prominencia debido a su rentabilidad, un hecho debido tanto a los mejores precios del producto en el mercado como a la producción de semillas. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tiene como objetivo reunir información técnica y características del cultivo de cacahuetes en la segunda temporada para reducir los riesgos de producción. Además, se centrará en el uso y manejo del riego, tecnología que es prácticamente indispensable para el cultivo de cacahuetes en la segunda temporada

XADREZ NAS AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA

A atividade do jogo de xadrez foi desenvolvida na Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental Attílio Luiz Calza, sendo uma das escolas em que o PIBID - Programa Instituição de Bolsas de Iniciação a Docência - está presente. Os acadêmicos do Curso de Educação Física da Unoesc, São Miguel do Oeste, que tem como Coordenadora do subprojeto a Prof. Andréa Jaqueline Prates Ribeiro e como Supervisora na escola a Prof. Dalvana Gallina, realizaram a atividade com alunos do quinto ano das series iniciais. Os estudantes da escola ficaram encantados com a organização e prática do xadrez, pois participaram de todo o processo de confecção até a compreensão e jogo em si