Design considerations for the airframe-integrated scramjet

Research programs at the NASA Langley Research Center on the development of airframe-integrated scramjet concepts (supersonic combustion ramjet) are reviewed briefly. The design and performance of a specific scramjet configuration are examined analytically by use of recently developed and substantiated techniques on boundary-layer development, heat transfer, fuel-air mixing, heat-release rates, and engine-cycle analysis. These studies indicate that the fixed-geometry scramjet module will provide practical levels of thrust performance with low cooling requirements. Areas which need particular emphasis in further development work are the combustor design for low speeds and the integrated nozzle design

Hydrogeology and Leachate Movement Near Two Chemical-waste Sites in Oswego County, New York

Forty-five observation wells and test holes were installed at two chemical waste disposal sites in Oswego County, New York, to evaluate the hydrogeologic conditions and the rate and direction of leachate migration. At the site near Oswego groundwater moves northward at an average velocity of 0.4 ft/day through unconsolidated glacial deposits and discharges into White Creek and Wine Creek, which border the site and discharge to Lake Ontario. Leaking barrels by chemical wastes have contaminated the groundwater within the site, as evidenced by detection of 10 \u27 priority pollutant \u27 organic compounds, and elevated values of specific conductance, chloride, arsenic, lead, and mercury. At the site near Fulton, where 8,000 barrels of chemical wastes are buried, groundwater in the sandy surficial aquifer bordering the landfill on the south and east moves southward and eastward at an average velocity of 2.8 ft/day and discharges to Bell Creek, which discharges to the Oswego River, or moves beneath the landfill. Leachate is migrating eastward, southeastward, and southwestward, as evidenced by elevated values of specific conductance, temperature, and concentrations of several trace metals at wells east, southeast, and southwest of the site. (USGS

The Local Interstellar Ultraviolet Radiation Field

I have used the Hipparcos Input Catalog, together with Kurucz model stellar atmospheres, and information on the strength of the interstellar extinction, to create a model of the expected intensity and spectral distribution of the local interstellar ultraviolet radiation field, under various assumptions concerning the albedo a of the interstellar grains. (This ultraviolet radiation field is of particular interest because of the fact that ultraviolet radiation is capable of profoundly affecting the chemistry of the interstellar medium.) By comparing my models with the observations, I am able to conclude that the albedo a of the interstellar grains in the far ultraviolet is very low, perhaps a = 0.1. I also advance arguments that my present determination of this albedo is much more reliable than any of the many previous (and conflicting) ultraviolet interstellar grain albedo determinations. Beyond this, I show that the ultraviolet background radiation that is observed at high galactic latitudes must be extragalactic in origin, as it cannot be backscatter of the interstellar radiation field.Comment: Astrophysical Journal, in press; 9 figures + 16 text page

CORRELATION BETWEEN IMPAIRMENT AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE DURING REACHING TASKS IN SUBJECTS WITH SPASTIC HEMIPARESIS

Objective: The main purposes of this study were to examine, in subjects with chronic hemiparesis following a stroke: (i) the correlations between tests of muscle tone, stiffness, spasticity, paresis and co-contraction, and (ii) the correlations of these tests and measurements of impairment to upper extremity motor performance. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, correlation matrix using sample of convenience. Subjects: Thirteen subjects with chronic hemiparesis secondary to a cerebrovascular accident (stroke) were tested. Methods: Subjects were assessed using the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Motor Assessment, modified Ashworth scale, deep tendon reflexes, and muscle characteristics that included quantification of muscle stiffness, paresis and co-contraction during a voluntary reaching task and during passive movements. Surface electromyographic and myotonometric muscle stiffness data were obtained during movement trials. Results: Biceps and triceps brachii muscle paresis and excess biceps brachii co-contraction during voluntary reaching had the highest correlations to decreased motor performance. Muscle tone measurements did not have significant correlations to upper extremity performance. Conclusion: Paresis of elbow flexors and extensors and excess co-contraction of the biceps brachii during voluntary reaching appear to be most predictive of upper extremity motor performance. Results are discussed in relation to the specific challenges these findings pose for spastic paresis clinical management

Correspondence to Elizabeth ( Bessie ) McCaw Boggs Taylor, August 31, 1888 - December 10, 1901

Correspondence to Elizabeth ( Bessie ) McCaw Boggs Taylor, August 31, 1888 - December 10, 1901. Box 2, folder 5.https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/littlejohnboggs/1015/thumbnail.jp

Chemical and Statistical Analysis of a Sampled Interval in the Camp Nelson Limestone (Upper Ordovician) Madison County, Central Kentucky

The Camp Nelson Limestone of the High Bridge Group (Upper Ordovician) is mined at seven sites in central and north-central Kentucky for industrial, construction, and agricultural uses. As part of a regional investigation of its chemical characteristics, a 67-foot section in the upper Camp Nelson, which is being mined at Boonesborough, Madison County, was sampled for major-element analysis. The upper Camp Nelson in the Boonesborough Mine consists of two zones (23 and 30 feet thick) of low-silica stone (4 percent or less total SiO2) separated by a 14-foot section of slightly argillaceous limestone with an average silica content of 5.19 percent. The lower 23-foot zone has an average silica content of 1.75 percent and an average total carbonate (CaCO3 + MgCO3) content of 96.03 percent. The upper 30-foot zone has an average silica content of 2.48 percent and an average total carbonate content of 93.17 percent. A statistical study showed a relationship between the sampling interval and the reliability of the mean carbonate (or contaminant) value for a limestone ledge. Moderately high reliability (0.80 to 0.85) can be obtained by taking three to four samples per ledge. If only high reliability (0.90) of the mean value is acceptable, samples should be taken at 1-foot intervals. Very high reliability would require sampling at 1/2-foot intervals

Observational constraints on the progenitor metallicities of core-collapse supernovae

We present constraints on the progenitor metallicities of core-collapse supernovae. To date, nearly all metallicity constraints have been inferred from indirect methods such as metallicity gradients in host galaxies, luminosities of host galaxies, or derived global galaxy metallicities. Here, progenitor metallicities are derived from optical spectra taken at the sites of nearby supernovae, from the ratio of strong emission lines found in their host HII regions.We present results from the spectra of 74 host HII regions and discuss the implications that these have on the nature of core-collapse supernova progenitors. Overall, while we find that the mean metallicity of type Ibc environments is higher than that of type II events, this difference is smaller than observed in previous studies. There is only a 0.06 dex difference in the mean metallicity values, at a statistical significance of ~1.5 sigma, while using a KS-test we find that the two metallicity distributions are marginally consistent with being drawn from the same parent population (probability >10%). This argues that progenitor metallicity is not a dominant parameter in deciding supernovae type, with progenitor mass and/or binarity playing a much more significant role.Comment: ACCEPTED for publication in MNRA

Monoclonal antibodies for copper-64 PET dosimetry and radioimmunotherapy

BACKGROUND: We previously described a two-antibody model of (64)Cu radioimmunotherapy to evaluate low-dose, solid-tumor response. This model was designed to test the hypothesis that cellular internalization is critical in causing tumor cell death by mechanisms in addition to radiation damage. The purpose of the present study was to estimate radiation dosimetry for both antibodies (mAbs) using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and evaluate the effect of internalization on tumor growth. RESULTS: Dosimetry was similar between therapy groups. Median time to tumor progression to 1 g ranged from 7–12 days for control groups and was 32 days for both treatment groups (p < 0.0001). No statistically significant difference existed between any control group or between the treatment groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In female nude mice bearing LS174T colon carcinoma xenografts, tumor dosimetry was calculated using serial PET images of three mice in each group of either internalizing (64)Cu-labeled DOTA-cBR96 (DOTA = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) or non-internalizing (64)Cu-labeled DOTA-cT84.66 from 3 to 48 h. For the therapy study, controls (n = 10) received saline, DOTA-cBR96 or DOTA-cT84.66. Treatment animals (n = 9) received 0.890 mCi of (64)Cu-labeled DOTA-cBR96 or 0.710 mCi of (64)Cu-labeled DOTA-cT84.66. Tumors were measured daily. CONCLUSIONS: PET imaging allows the use of (64)Cu for pre-therapy calculation of tumor dosimetry. In spite of highly similar tumor dosimetry, an internalizing antibody did not improve the outcome of (64)Cu radioimmunotherapy. Radio-resistance of this tumor cell line and copper efflux may have confounded the study. Further investigations of the therapeutic efficacy of (64)Cu-labeled mAbs will focus on interaction between (64)Cu and tumor suppressor genes and copper chaperones

Biola Hour Highlights, 1975 - 11

Free for the Taking by Joseph R. Cooke What is Demon Possession? by Henry W. Holloman Psalm 139 by Al Sanders II Corinthians by Richard Chase Revelation No.151 by Lloyd Anderson October Panel by Richard Chase, Charles Feinberg, and Samuel Sutherlandhttps://digitalcommons.biola.edu/bhhs/1021/thumbnail.jp