Perbandingan Konstruksi Perkerasan Lentur Dan Perkerasan Kaku Serta Analisis Ekonominya Pada Proyek Pembangunan Jalan Lingkar Mojoagung

Jalan Raya Mojoagung sebagai pintu masuk Jombang dari Surabaya saat ini tidak mampu lagi menampung arus lalu lintas yang terus meningkat. Karena itu, muncul wacana pembangunan Jalan Lingkar Mojoagung untuk membagi volume lalu lintas jalan lingkar dan jalan eksisting dan mempersingkat jarak tempuh. Tujuan Tugas Akhir ini adalah menghitung tebal perkerasan lentur dan kaku, perhitungan total biaya konstruksi dan pemeliharaan perkerasan lentur dan kaku, mencari user cost dengan menggunakan metode N.D. Lea, dan membandingkan kedua perkerasan secara ekonomi dengan perhitungan Benefit Cost Ratio. Dari hasil perhitungan untuk konstruksi perkerasan lentur, didapatkan tebal Surface Course (Laston) = 13 cm, Base Course (Batu Pecah Kelas A) = 20 cm, Sub Base Course (Sirtu Kelas B) = 31 cm. Untuk perkerasan kaku digunakan tebal Surface Course (pelat beton) = 28 cm, Sub Base Course (Sirtu Kelas A) = 20 cm. Dari hasil analisis dan evaluasi ekonomi diperoleh hasil , Alternatif dan . Dengan demikian, dipilih Alternatif B atau perkerasan kaku untuk Jalan Lingkar Mojoagung dengan alasan lebih menguntungkan dari segi ekonomi jalan raya

Meta-analysis of stomatitis in clinical studies of everolimus: incidence and relationship with efficacy.

BackgroundEverolimus, an oral mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, is used to treat solid tumors and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Stomatitis, an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth, is a common adverse event associated with mTOR inhibitors, including everolimus. We conducted a meta-analysis of data from seven randomized, double-blind phase 3 clinical trials of everolimus to determine the clinical impact of stomatitis on efficacy and safety.Patients and methodsData were pooled from the safety sets of solid tumor [breast cancer (BOLERO-2 and BOLERO-3), renal cell carcinoma (RECORD-1), carcinoid tumors (RADIANT-2), and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (RADIANT-3)] and TSC studies (EXIST-1 and EXIST-2). Data from solid tumor trials and TSC trials were analyzed separately.ResultsThe rate of stomatitis was 67% in the solid tumor trials (973/1455 patients) and 70% in the TSC trials (110/157 patients). Most stomatitis events were grade 1/2, with grade 3/4 events reported in only 9% (solid tumor trials) and 8% (TSC trials) of patients. Low TSC patient numbers prevented an in-depth evaluation of stomatitis and response. In the solid tumor trials, most first stomatitis episodes (89%; n = 870) were observed within 8 weeks of starting everolimus. Patients with stomatitis occurring within 8 weeks of everolimus initiation had longer progression-free survival (PFS) than everolimus-treated patients without stomatitis in BOLERO-2 {8.5 versus 6.9 months, respectively; hazard ratio (HR), 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.62-1.00]} and RADIANT-3 [13.9 versus 8.3 months, respectively; HR, 0.70 (95% CI, 0.48-1.04)]. A similar trend was observed in RECORD-1 [HR, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.66-1.22)] and RADIANT-2 [HR, 0.87 (95% CI, 0.61-1.22)] but not in BOLERO-3 [HR, 1.01 (95% CI, 0.75-1.36)].ConclusionsStomatitis did not adversely affect PFS, supporting the administration of everolimus in accordance with standard management guidelines

Coptotermes sp. (Rhinotermitidae: Coptotermitinae) infestation pattern shifts through time in oil palm agroecosystem

Status of termite pest infestation as well as the changes through time, corresponding to oil palm conversion from peat in Malaysia can be studied. In accessing the status of palms infested by Coptotermes sp., stand scouting method was conducted to map the presence of this genus as well as the infestation status in each palm. The palms were accessed from ground level to hand-reached level and this was done in 24 ha field block with deep peat soil. The presence of Coptotermes sp., dead and replaced palms were recorded on census sheet, designed according to the real ground arrangement of the palms. Advanced spatial pattern by distance indices (SADIE) was adapted to generate the indices of aggregation and clustering values for each study sites. These values were exported into SURFER 8 software to generate red-blue contour maps with patches and gaps. Standardized stand scouting method yielded in six Coptotermes species collected in peat swamp converted oil palm field. The distribution pattern of Coptotermes caused by the environmental influences as well as the availability of wood resources. The patch and gap areas as well as the random areas are not consistently occurred. Small patches divided by gaps indicate one termite colony while larger patches are formed by more than one colony. This study contributes in the information on spatial pattern of termite pest species in oil palm plantation. The latter may present the changes in the status of the species over time

Antidesma montanum: biochemistry and bioactive compounds

Antidesma montanum is commonly known as a mountain currant tree. Its fruits and leaves are utilized locally for food and traditional medicine, meanwhile the stem is used as source of wood. The fruit contains bioactive constituents of steroid glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols and tannins that exhibited higher antioxidant activity than at certain concentrations of standard antioxidants (i.e. vitamin E, ascorbic acid, and trolox). The leave extracts known to inhibit the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase in diabetic therapy. Furthermore, the leave extracts also possessed scavenging activity against both hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals, and inhibited the nitric oxide production. Meanwhile, another studies reported on the anti-inflammatory effect of Antidesma montanum, being used to treat eye diseases, and relieving chest pain. The leaves are used externally against headache and thrush in children, for diuretic and removing kidney stone, anti-dermatitis and skin disease curing effect. A tea from the leaves is used as a tonic for mothers after giving birth and applied topically to ulcers and lumbar pains. The roots are used to treat measles, chickenpox, malaria, and stomach ache. Nevertheless, extensive research is needed to confirm the reputed beneficial effects of Antidesma montanum in traditional medicine

Highlights and strategies of the EORTC Leukemia Group

The EORTC Leukemia Group comprises more than 45 qualified haematology centres in Europe. The group promotes cooperation with new centres from Central and Eastern Europe with the aim to improve the standard and quality to the level in Western Europe. Subcommittees on cytogenetics, molecular biology. and immunology, shared by experts in the field. are active and have meetings on a mice-yearly basis. The aim of our group is to organise phase 11 and phase III trials for patients with acute and chronic myeloid or lymphoid leukaemia. myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloma. In 2000. 330 patients have been included in nine trials of the group. Presently. more than 2600 patients included in previous and current studies are alive and under continuous follow-up allowing studies on the long-term results to be planned. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd

Highlights and strategies of the EORTC Leukemia Group. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer.

Item does not contain fulltextThe EORTC Leukemia Group comprises more than 45 qualified haematology centres in Europe. The group promotes cooperation with new centres from Central and Eastern Europe with the aim to improve the standard and quality to the level in Western Europe. Subcommittees on cytogenetics, molecular biology, and immunology, shared by experts in the field, are active and have meetings on a twice-yearly basis. The aim of our group is to organise phase II and phase III trials for patients with acute and chronic myeloid or lymphoid leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloma. In 2000, 330 patients have been included in nine trials of the group. Presently, more than 2600 patients included in previous and current studies are alive and under continuous follow-up allowing studies on the long-term results to be planned

Pyelolithotomy in a patient with Glanzmann thrombasthenia and antiglycoprotein IIb/IIIa antibodies: the shortest possible duration of treatment with recombinant activated factor VII and platelet transfusions

Transfusion of platelet concentrates remains the first-line therapy for Glanzmann thrombasthenia in case of bleeding or preparation for surgery. However, development of antibodies to platelet glycoprotein (Gp) IIb/IIIa complex or human leukocyte antigens (HLA) is frequent and the main cause of platelet refractoriness. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is a potent alternative for patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia with anti-platelet antibodies

THE EFFICACY OF MEZLOCILLIN-AMIKACIN COMBINATION IN FEBRILE NEUTROPENIC CHILDREN WITH ONCOLOGIC DISEASE

The efficacy of mexlocillin-amikacin combination as empirical therapy for febrile neutropenic patients was studied in 30 children (21 males, 9 females) with various oncologic diseases aged 1-15 years (mean age 7.3 +/- 4.4) in the Istanbul Medical School, Oncologic Disease Research and Treatment Center, and Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology between January 1 and May 31, 1988

Determination of Relationship between Infection and Serum Levels of Prohepcidin in Pediatric Patients before and after Bone Marrow Transplantation

Since the immune system is suppressed before bone marrow transplantation (BMT), severe infections might arise. This clinical article considers the role of prohepcidin, in addition to interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in infections occurring after BMT. Serum prohepcidin, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured in 10 pediatric BMT patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after BMT. The results were evaluated statistically. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that there was a significant correlation between serum prohepcidin and IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CRP levels in the pretransplantation, posttransplantation, and discharge periods of the patients. The relationship between CRP levels and prohepcidin levels suggests that the serum prohepcidin level might be an important parameter for transplantation patients in consideration of infection. Verification of these results from future studies may confirm the clinical importance of hepcidin