Study of the effects of triclosan in cells derived from human oral squamous cell carcinoa and in murine model

Orientadores: Jacks Jorge Júnior, Edgard GranerTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: A enzima ácido graxo sintase (FASN), responsável pela síntese endógena de ácidos graxos, apresenta elevada expressão em vários tipos de cânceres sendo necessária para a proliferação e sobrevivência das células malignas. O triclosan é um agente antibacteriano que inibe a atividade de FASN, podendo apresentar ação quimioterapêutica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as consequências da inibição de FASN pelo triclosan sobre os índices de proliferação, apoptose e produção das proteínas FASN, ErbB2, p27 e Skp2 pelas células SCC-9, derivadas de CECs bucais humanos, bem como verificar o efeito do triclosan durante a carcinogênese induzida pelo 4-NQO. A citometria de fluxo mostrou que o triclosan inibiu a proliferação das células SCC-9, com diminuição de 80% da fase S, e causou aumento da apoptose das células tratadas com 5 ?M e 10 ?M durante 48h. Os ensaios de western blotting revelaram aumento de FASN, discreta diminuição de ErbB2, aumento gradativo de p27 e diminuição de Skp2 nas células tratadas por 24h. Camundongos BALB/c foram tratados com 1000 p.p.m de triclosan na dieta, após e simultaneamente ao tratamento com 4-NQO. Após 28 semanas os camundongos tratados com triclosan após e simultaneamente ao 4-NQO apresentaram menor incidência de CECs em língua, 50% e 10% respectivamente, enquanto no grupo controle (4-NQO) a incidência foi de 100%. Os grupos tratados com triclosan e 4-NQO simultâneos por 24 semanas, não apresentaram CECs, enquanto no grupo controle a incidência de CECs foi de 40% (p = 0,01). A imunoistoquímica sugeriu menor expressão de FASN, ErbB2, Ki-67 e maior expressão de p27 nas displasias e CECs dos camundongos tratados com triclosan quando comparados aos controles (p = 0,05). Estes resultados sugerem que o bloqueio de FASN pelo triclosan pode ser uma alternativa quimiopreventiva e quimioterapêutica para os CECs bucais, reforçando os achados prévios de que os inibidores de FASN possuem ação antitumorigênica.Abstract: Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the enzyme responsible for endogenous synthesis of fatty acids, presents overexpressed in several types of cancers being required for proliferation and survival of malignant cells. Triclosan is an antibacterial agent which inhibits the activity of FASN and can present chemotherapeutic action. The aim of this study was to assess the consequences of FASN inhibition by triclosan on the proliferation, apoptosis and production of FASN protein, ErbB-2, p27 and Skp2 by SCC-9 cell line derived from human oral squamous cell carcinoma, and evaluates the effect of triclosan during carcinogenesis 4-NQO-induced in mice. Flow cytometry showed that triclosan inhibited the proliferation of SCC-9 cells, and there was 80% reduction of S phase, and increased rates of apoptosis of cells treated with 5 ?M and 10 ?M by 48 hours. Western blotting assays revealed increase in FASN, mild reduction of ErbB2, gradual increase of p27, and decrease of Skp2 in cells treated for 24 hours. In the murine model BALB/c mice they were treated with 1000 p.p.m of triclosan dietary, simultaneously and after treatment with 4-NQO. Over a period of 28 weeks the mice treated with triclosan post and simultaneously treatment with 4-NQO showed lower incidence of tongue carcinomas, 50% and 10% respectively. In the control group (4-NQO) all mice developed carcinomas. The mice treated with simultaneously triclosan and 4-NQO by 24 weeks did not develop carcinomas, whereas in the control group the incidence of carcinomas was 40% (p = 0.01). Immunohistochemical suggested lower expression of FASN, ErbB-2, Ki-67, and higher expression of p27 in dysplasia and carcinomas of mice treated with triclosan when compared to controls (p = 0.05). These results suggest that blockade of FASN by triclosan may be an alternative for chemoprevention and chemotherapy of oral SCC supporting previous findings that inhibitors of FASN have antitumorigenic action.DoutoradoPatologiaDoutor em Estomatopatologi

The study of morphologic changes induced by urethane in an oral chemical carcinogenesis DMBA-induced model

A proposta deste trabalho resultou da necessidade de se avaliar o potencial carcinogênico da uretana, em concentragoes mais baixas, a partir do modelo experimental de carcinogenese bucal DMBA-induzida. Cem hamsters sírios dourados foram separados em cinco grupos experimentais. 0 grupo 1 recebeu aplicações topicas de uretana 0.5% na borda lateral da língua; grupo 2, uretana 6%; grupo 3 uretana 0.5% + DMBA; grupo 4, uretana 6% + DMBA, e o grupo 5 — DMBA (controle positivo). Os dados obtidos mostraram que a uretana a 0.5% e 6% não induziu alterações histolOgicas nos grupos 1 e 2. A formação de carcinomas nos animais tratados com uretana e DMBA ocorreu em proporções menores quando comparada com o grupo controle positivo (DMBA). A uretana a 0.5% e 6% reduziu a carcinogenicidade do DMBA, e não apresentou potencial carcinogenic° de iniciação, promoção e/ou progressão.The study examined the carcinogenic potential of urethane in lower concent:ration forms according to the experimental oral carcinogenese DMBA-induced model. One hundred Syrian golden hamsters were separated in five experimental groups. Group 1 receivecl 0.5% urethane topical applications along in the lateral border of the tongue; group 2, 6% urethane; group 3, 0.5% urethane + 9,10 dimethyl 1,2-benzantracene (DMBA); group 4, 6% urethane + DMBA; and group 5, assigned positive control, DMBA. The results indicated no histological alterations in groups 1 anel 2 inducecl by 0.5% and 6% urethane. The formation of carcinomas in animals treated with urethane and DMBA wa:s visible in lesser proportions when compareci with the positive control group (DMBA). The 0.5% and 6% urethane decreased carcinogenicity of DMBA and did not present carcinogenic potential for initiation, promotion and/or its progression

FASN expression, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in central and peripheral giant cell lesions

Central giant cell lesion (CGCL) and peripheral giant cell lesion (PGCL) are non-neoplastic proliferative processes of the jaws. PGCL is a reactive process induced by irritant local factors and CGCL is an intra-osseous lesion of unknown etiology. Both lesions exhibit similar histologic features showing abundant mononuclear cells, admixed with a large number of multinucleated giant cells and a rich vascularized stroma with extravasated erythrocytes, hemosiderin deposition, and blood-filled pools. Recent studies have linked fatty acid synthase (FASN) with angiogenesis. Objective: To evaluate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and their relationship with FASN expression in CGCL and PGCL. Material and Methods: Thirteen CGCL and 14 PGCL of the jaws were selected for immunoexpression of FASN; CD34 and CD105 (to assess blood microvessel density [MVD] and microvessel area [MVA]); and D2-40 (to assess lymphatic MVD and MVA). Results: Within PGCL and CGCL, MVD-CD34 was signifcantly higher than MVD-CD10S, followed by MVD-D2-40. Moreover, a signifcantly higher number of FASN-positive multinucleated giant cells than mononuclear cells were observed. Between PGCL and CGCL, only MVD-CD34 and all MVA were signifcantly higher in PGCL. Positive correlation between MVA-CD10S with FASNpositive mononuclear cells in both lesions was observed. Conclusions: Our results show both lesions exhibiting similar levels of FASN expression and neoangiogenesis, suggesting constitutive processes that regulate tissue maintenance

Radiolucent image in lower third molar: hidden caries or pre-eruptive resorption?: a case report

ABSTRACT Caries is a multifactorial disease due to the imbalance of the de/re-mineralization process. Complementary radiographic examinations are able to detect hidden caries. The purpose of this short communication was to investigate the radiolucent image suggestive of hidden caries in lower third molar. The extraction of the tooth, decalcification, inclusion and preparation were performed for histological analysis of the lesion. Histological findings revealed a pre-eruptive resorption, and the etiological factors of this coronary resorption were undefined. The professional should be aware of the occurrences of these lesions to early diagnose and propose appropriate treatment to avoid future complications to the patient

Enamel renal syndrome: a case history report

Enamel renal syndrome (ERS) is a rare, commonly misdiagnosed condition that results in amelogenesis imperfecta and nephrocalcinosis and can lead to renal impairment in adulthood. This case history report describes a multidisciplinary dental management approach in a young adult patient with ERS3012224FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS - FAPEMIGNão te

Enamel renal syndrome: A novel homozygous FAM20A founder mutation in 5 new Brazilian families

Enamel renal syndrome (ERS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder not fully characterized. Here we investigated ERS characteristics in 11 patients from 5 Brazilian families through clinical examination, imaging, renal ultrasonography, laboratory tests and DNA sequencing. The patients' age ranged from 6 to 25 years-old, and the presence of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta, microdontia, intra-pulpal calcification, impacted posterior teeth with hyperplastic pericoronal follicles, gingival fibromatosis, ectopic calcifications on gingival and pericoronal tissues, and nephrocalcinosis were common findings to all patients. Only 4 patients showed abnormal laboratory tests (vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, phosphate, calcium). Intellectual disability and renal cysts were present in 2 patients each. Biallelic loss of function mutation in FAM20A gene, characterized by one base pair deletion in exon 11, resulting in a frameshift replacing a glutamine at codon 483 for a lysine and terminating at position 24 [NG_029809.1: c.1447delG; p.(Glu483Lysfs*24)], was detected in all patients, strongly suggesting a founder effect. Our results reinforce the distinct orofacial features of ERS, which are the clue for kidney examination and genetic testing. Early diagnosis is essential to minimize the deleterious effects related to ERS. Here we report the largest series of patients with ERS in a same population, and describe, for the first time, a founder mutation for FAM20A6211FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS - FAPEMIGFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informação09/54068-

FASN expression, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in central and peripheral giant cell lesions

Central giant cell lesion (CGCL) and peripheral giant cell lesion (PGCL) are non-neoplastic proliferative processes of the jaws. PGCL is a reactive process induced by irritant local factors and CGCL is an intra-osseous lesion of unknown etiology. Both lesions exhibit similar histologic features showing abundant mononuclear cells, admixed with a large number of multinucleated giant cells and a rich vascularized stroma with extravasated erythrocytes, hemosiderin deposition, and blood-filled pools. Recent studies have linked fatty acid synthase (FASN) with angiogenesis. Objective: To evaluate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and their relationship with FASN expression in CGCL and PGCL. Material and Methods: Thirteen CGCL and 14 PGCL of the jaws were selected for immunoexpression of FASN; CD34 and CD105 (to assess blood microvessel density [MVD] and microvessel area [MVA]); and D2-40 (to assess lymphatic MVD and MVA). Results: Within PGCL and CGCL, MVD-CD34 was signifcantly higher than MVD-CD10S, followed by MVD-D2-40. Moreover, a signifcantly higher number of FASN-positive multinucleated giant cells than mononuclear cells were observed. Between PGCL and CGCL, only MVD-CD34 and all MVA were signifcantly higher in PGCL. Positive correlation between MVA-CD10S with FASNpositive mononuclear cells in both lesions was observed. Conclusions: Our results show both lesions exhibiting similar levels of FASN expression and neoangiogenesis, suggesting constitutive processes that regulate tissue maintenance

Hard palate hyperpigmentation secondary to chronic chloroquine therapy: report of five cases

Antimalarials are commonly prescribed in medical practice for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, as well as malaria. They are generally well-tolerated, but side effects, although infrequent, are well known. The antimalarial chloroquine diphosphate may be associated with a bluish-gray to black hyperpigmentation of the oral mucosa, mainly on the hard palate. In this report we described five additional cases of palate hyperpigmentation related to the chronic use of chloroquine diphosphate. Professionals must be aware of the adverse effects of antimalarials as chloroquine diphosphate in order to make the correct diagnosis and appropriate management of the patient. Early diagnosis of oral pigmentation by antimalarials may be of great relevance, because it might be an early sign of ocular involvement, and therefore it may be helpful to prevent further complications of antimalarial therapy for the patient.Antimalarials are commonly prescribed in medical practice for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, as well as malaria. They are generally well-tolerated, but side effects, although infrequent, are well known. The antimalarial chloroquine diphosphate may be associated with a bluish-gray to black hyperpigmentation of the oral mucosa, mainly on the hard palate. In this report we described five additional cases of palate hyperpigmentation related to the chronic use of chloroquine diphosphate. Professionals must be aware of the adverse effects of antimalarials as chloroquine diphosphate in order to make the correct diagnosis and appropriate management of the patient. Early diagnosis of oral pigmentation by antimalarials may be of great relevance, because it might be an early sign of ocular involvement, and therefore it may be helpful to prevent further complications of antimalarial therapy for the patient40983383