De que modo os adultos aprendem-desenvolvem competências e conhecimento na área da ciência, num ambiente profissional

Tese de Mestrado, Educação (Formação e Aprendizagem ao Longo da Vida), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2010Nas sociedades de hoje, assiste-se a uma crescente competetividade no mercado de trabalho, o que leva a uma necessidade de uma maior procura, por parte dos indivíduos, de uma formação contínua, de modo a que possam acompanhar o ritmo de crescimento das sociedades. A educação assume, portanto, um papel fundamental. Uma aprendizagem ao longo da vida permitirá dotar o indíviduo de conhecimentos e competências de modo a que possa responder às “exigencias em mutação da vida profissional, organização de local de trabalho e métodos de trabalho” (Memorando sobre a aprendizagem ao longo da vida, p. 5) e será sem dúvida o melhor caminho para que participemos de modo mais activo e responsável em todas as esferas da nossa vida em comunidade. Quisemos com este trabalho explorar um domíno diferente do domínio escolar. Queriamos compreender de que modo aprendemos, em contextos mais informais, em contextos profissionais. Queriamos ainda que essas aprendizagens fossem aprendizagens em ciência. Procurámos encontrar respostas para o modo como o indivíduo, no colectivo, faz as aprendizagens em ciência e como as reconhece. Que artefactos mobiliza e como é que a sua estrutura leva a novas aprendizagens. A nossa observação centrou-se numa Clínica dentária – CMEO, onde observámos durante um período de tempo a sua vivência, as suas relações, os seus gestos, as suas atitudes, os diálogos, no fundo, observámos a sua prática. No final deste trabalho pudemos concluir que, pelo facto de o CMEO se ter constituído uma comunidade de prática, permitindo aos seus indivíduos, participarem, levou a que se proporcionasse a aquisição de competências, no caso deste estudo, de competências científicas. As apendizagens fazem-se, então, na prática! Aprende-se fazendo; através da partilha de um reportório, que foi sendo e é constantemente negociado, emergindo sob a forma de signos e artefactos que permitem reificar significados e consquentemente realizar aprendizagens.In nowadays societies we can assist to an increasing competitiveness in the labour market which takes to the necessity of a larger search of continuous training by the individuals in order that they can follow the rhythm of societies. So, Education assumes a fundamental role. Learning through life will give the individual the knowledge and the skills in a way it can be possible to answer to “the demands in mutation of professional life, organization of the local and methods of work” (memorandum about learning through life, p. 5) and will be out of doubts the best form for us to participate in actively and responsibly, in every sphere of our life in community. With this project we intended to explore a speciality different from the educational one. We wanted to understand how we can learn in informal contexts, in professional contexts. Furthermore we also wanted those learning were made in science. We looked for the answers to understand how the individual makes his/her learning in science and how he/she recognizes them, as a group. What types of artefacts are mobilized and how his/her structure takes to new learning. Our observation was directed into a Dental Clinic – CMEO, where we analysed during a period of time its experiences, relationships, gestures, attitudes, dialogues, we observed its practice. At the end of this project we can conclude that for the fact of being a practical community permitting the individuals to participate, CMEO made possible the acquirement of scientific competences. Learning is made in practice. Learning can be made through the sharing of a repertoire which is constantly negotiated, emerging over the signs and artefacts that permit to change meanings and consequently perform learning

Methodological considerations for kinematic analysis of upper limbs in healthy and poststroke adults Part II: a systematic review of motion capture systems and kinematic metrics

To review the methods used to analyze the kinematics of upper limbs (ULs) of healthy and poststroke adults, namely the motion capture systems and kinematic metrics. A database of articles published in the last decade was compiled using the following search terms combinations: (“upper extremity” OR “upper limb” OR arm) AND (kinematic OR motion OR movement) AND (analysis OR assessment OR measurement). The articles included in this review: (1) had the purpose to analyze objectively three-dimension kinematics of ULs, (2) studied functional movements or activities of daily living involving ULs, and (3) studied healthy and/or poststroke adults. Fourteen articles were included (four studied a healthy sample, three analyzed poststroke patients, and seven examined both poststroke and healthy participants). Most articles used optoelectronic systems with markers; however, the presentation of laboratory and task-specific errors is missing. Markerless systems, used in some studies, seem to be promising alternatives for implementation of kinematic analysis in hospitals and clinics, but the literature proving their validity is scarce. Most articles analyzed “joint kinematics” and “end-point kinematics,” mainly related with reaching. The different stroke locations of the samples were not considered in their analysis and only three articles described their psychometric properties. Future research should validate portable motion capture systems, document their specific error at the acquisition place and for the studied task, include grasping and manipulation analysis, and describe psychometric properties.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Active and Healthy Aging: pilot result of the “VintAGEING+Happy” Intervention Program

Ações de prevenção e de manutenção da saúde do idoso, na sua comunidade e no seu domicílio, devem ser resultado de um esforço de parcerias públicas e/ou privadas, academia e serviço. O programa intitulado, VintANGEING+Felizes, tem como finalidade realizar um trabalho multidisciplinar de intervenção comunitária, disponibilizando o conhecimento científico e contribuindo para o cumprimento das diretrizes e das políticas deatenção pública à saúde do idoso, na direção do envelhecimento ativo e saudável.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cytogenetic analysis of Rhinella jimi (Stevaux, 2002) (Anura, Bufonidae) from northeastern Brazil

In this work we analyzed the karyotype of Rhinella jimi (Stevaux, 2002) (Anura, Bufonidae) from Picos (Piauí) in Northeastern Brazil. The chromosomes were examined using classical cytogenetic approaches (Giemsa, C-banding, and Ag-NOR staining). This species has 2n = 22 chromosomes, all metacentric or submetacentric. Heterochromatic segments were visualized at the centromeric region and the nucleolus organizer regions (NOR) were restricted to terminal regions of the short arms in pair 7. There was no evidence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes. The chromosomal analysis of R. jimi allowed us to identify a karyotype that is similar to many other species of Rhinella, in which the diploid number remains unchanged and without evidences of structural rearrangements.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

Cytogenetic characterization of Ameivula ocellifera (Spix, 1825) (Squamata, Teiidae) from the brazilian northeast

Ameivula is as a new genus of Teiidae family that emerged after extensive revision of species that comprised the former complex of species called Cnemidophorus group. Its species has a wide distribution from the northeast of Brazil to northern Argentina. Cytogenetic studies in the Teiidae family have shown that karyotypical data are important tools in phylogenetic and systematic studies within this group allowing to determine the position of species in the family. Thus, this study aimed to describe the karyotype of Ameivula ocellifera (Spix, 1825) from Picos, Piauí state in the Brazilian Northeast. Specimens were collected from August 2014 to October 2015 using interception traps and pitfalls, mounted randomly along the Caatinga area. The animals were collected and transported to Federal Institute of Piauí, campus Picos, where was carried out all laboratory procedures. Individuals analyzed showed a diploid number of 2n = 50 for both sexes, with karyotype composed by 30 macrochromosomes and 20 microchromosomes of telocentric and subtelocentric types. There were no heteromorphic sex chromosomes in the studied specimens. C-band technique evidenced the heterochromatic blocks in pericentromeric and telomeric regions of chromosomes. The nucleolar organizing regions appeared as a simple unit located at the terminal portion of the long arm of chromosomal pair number 5. The chromosomal characteristics of A. ocellifera analyzed do not show divergences regarding individuals from other regions. However, the nucleolar organizing regions seems to be a good chromosomal marker that permits to distinguish the species already studied

Cytogenetic study in the Brazilian semiarid lizard Tropidurus hispidus (Squamata, Tropiduridae)

Different classes of repetitive DNA sequences are found in eukaryotes, often composing substantial portions of the genome, associated with their important role in the structural and functional genome organization. In this work, we mapped repetitive DNA sequences (18S rDNA, microsatellites and telomeric motifs) in the karyotype of Tropidurus hispidus, a species of lizard from the Brazilian semiarid region. We found a diploid number of 2n = 36 (6 pairs of biarmed macrochromosomes and 12 pairs of microchromosomes). The 18S rDNA clusters were localized at the subterminal region of the long arm of pair 2. The telomeric probes produced signals at terminal, interstitial and centromeric positions of some chromosome pairs, which might indicate the occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements via chromosome fusions. Microsatellite sequences were found in at least two distinct patterns - clustered in the telomeric/pericentromeric regions or observed as scattered signals in the chromosomes. This study represents an initial step to explore the evolutionary dynamics of repetitive sequences in the Tropidurus genus and considering the scarcity of data concerning the chromosomal mapping of repetitive sequences in Tropiduridae species, it reinforces the importance of integrating other methodologies, including the isolation and physical mapping of different repetitive DNA sequences, contributing to understanding the patterns of karyotypic evolution in lizards.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

The basal epithelial marker P-cadherin associates with breast cancer cell populations harboring a glycolytic and acid-resistant phenotype

"BMC Cancer 2014 14:734"BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells are hypoxia-resistant and present a preponderant glycolytic metabolism. These characteristics are also found in basal-like breast carcinomas (BLBC), which show increased expression of cancer stem cell markers.Recently, we demonstrated that P-cadherin, a biomarker of BLBC and a poor prognostic factor in this disease, mediates stem-like properties and resistance to radiation therapy. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate if P-cadherin expression was associated to breast cancer cell populations with an adapted phenotype to hypoxia. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed to address the expression of P-cadherin, hypoxic, glycolytic and acid-resistance biomarkers in primary human breast carcinomas. In vitro studies were performed using basal-like breast cancer cell lines. qRT-PCR, FACS analysis, western blotting and confocal microscopy were used to assess the expression of P-cadherin after HIF-1a stabilization, achieved by CoCl2 treatment. siRNA-mediated knockdown was used to silence the expression of several targets and qRT-PCR was employed to evaluate the effects of P-cadherin on HIF-1a signaling. P-cadherin high and low breast cancer cell populations were sorted by FACS and levels of GLUT1 and CAIX were assessed by FACS and western blotting. Mammosphere forming efficiency was used to determine the stem cell activity after specific siRNA-mediated knockdown, further confirmed by western blotting. RESULTS: We demonstrated that P-cadherin overexpression was significantly associated with the expression of HIF-1a, GLUT1, CAIX, MCT1 and CD147 in human breast carcinomas. In vitro, we showed that HIF-1a stabilization was accompanied by increased membrane expression of P-cadherin and that P-cadherin silencing led to a decrease of the mRNA levels of GLUT1 and CAIX. We also found that the cell fractions harboring high levels of P-cadherin were the same exhibiting more GLUT1 and CAIX expression. Finally, we showed that P-cadherin silencing significantly decreases the mammosphere forming efficiency in the same range as the silencing of HIF-1a, CAIX or GLUT1, validating that all these markers are being expressed by the same breast cancer stem cell population. CONCLUSIONS: Our results establish a link between aberrant P-cadherin expression and hypoxic, glycolytic and acid-resistant breast cancer cells, suggesting a possible role for this marker in cancer cell metabolismo.This work was funded by FEDER funds through the COMPETE Program (Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade) and by national funds through FCT (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal), mainly in the context of the scientific project PTDC/SAU-GMG/120049/2010-FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-021209, and partially by PTDC/SAU-FCF/104347/2008. FCT funded the research grants of BS (SFRH/BD/69353/2010), ASR (SFRH/BPD/75705/2011), ARN (grant from the project PTDC/SAU-GMG/120049/2010), CP (SFRH/BPD/69479/2010), AV (SFRH/BPD/90303/2012), as well as JP, with Programa Ciencia 2007 (Contratacao de Doutorados para o SCTN - financiamento pelo POPH - QREN - Tipologia 4.2 - Promocao do Emprego Cientifico, comparticipado pelo Fundo Social Europeu e por fundos nacionais do MCTES) and Programa IFCT (FCT Investigator). IPATIMUP is an Associate Laboratory of the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education and is partially supported by FCT

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A epidemiologia da cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo no Brasil e os principais fatores de risco da cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo: The epidemiology of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in Brazil and the main risk factors for takotsubo cardiomyopathy

A Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo (CTT) é uma disfunção cardíaca reversível, a qual está relacionada, diretamente, ao estresse físico ou emocional. Objetiva-se através dessa pesquisa evidenciar os principais fatores de risco da CT. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática realizada no motor de busca Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) na base de dados das “Ciências em Saúde em Geral” (Scielo, Medline, Lilacs). Percebeu-se que que a CT apresenta uma ocorrência maior em mulheres na fase de pós-menopausa, onde são atingidas pelo estresse emocional, bem como a inserção de marcapasso também pode desencadear a doença. Entretanto, a etiologia da CT ainda é marcada por controvérsias, mas há concordância acerca do surgimento da CT estar relacionado com a abundância de catecolaminas circulantes