In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Heterothalamus Less. (Asteraceae) against clinically relevant bacterial and fungal species

Essential oils are natural, complex, and volatile compounds produced by the secondary metabolism of plants, which often serve as a protection against fungal or bacterial attack. Two species of the Asteraceae family, Heterothalamus alienus (Spreng.) O. Kuntze and Heterothalamus psiadioides Less., are used in folk medicine and recognised for their production of bioactive substances. However, little evidence of their antimicrobial properties currently exists. The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from H. alienus and H. psiadioides against clinically relevant bacterial and fungal species. The major chemical components of the essential oils used are terpene substances, of which β-pinene is the major component. Analysis of antibacterial activity was conducted using the disc diffusion method against 22 bacteria (18 gram-positive strains, including 13 enterococci strains resistant or multiresistant to antibiotics, and 4 Gram-negative strains) and 9 fungi (6 yeasts and 3 filamentous fungi). The results indicated that essential oils from Heterothalamus species have a strong antimicrobial effect against gram-positive bacteria and yeasts, variable activity against filamentous fungi, and no activity against gram-negative bacteria. The most prominent results were observed in the sensitivity of Enterococcus faecalis (antibiotic- and multidrug-resistant strains) to the essential oils. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential for essential oils from Heterothalamus species for use as both an antiseptic and disinfectant in future approaches to control of clinically relevant gram-positive bacteria and fungi.(Atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de óleos essenciais de Heterothalamus Less. (Asteraceae) contra espécies bacterianas e fúngicas clinicamente relevantes). Óleos essenciais são compostos naturais, complexos e voláteis produzidos no metabolismo secundário de plantas, os quais muitas vezes servem como proteção contra o ataque de fungos ou bactérias. Duas espécies da família Asteraceae, Heterothalamus alienus (Spreng.) O. Kuntze e Heterothalamus psiadioides Less., são utilizadas na medicina popular e reconhecidas por suas substâncias bioativas. Entretanto, existem poucas evidências sobre suas proprieda-des antimicrobianas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro dos óleos essenciais de H. alienus e H. psiadioides contra cepas clinicamente relevantes de bactérias e fungos. Os principais componentes químicos dos óleos essenciais utilizados são as substâncias terpênicas, da qual o β-pineno é o componente majoritário. A análise da atividade antimicrobiana foi conduzida usando a técnica de difusão em disco contra 22 bactérias (18 gram-positivas, incluindo 13 enterococos resistentes ou multirresistentes a antibióticos, e 4 gram-negativas) e 9 fungos (6 leveduras e 3 fungos filamentosos). Nossos resultados indicaram que os óleos essenciais das espécies de Heterothalamus possuem forte atividade antimicrobiana contra bactérias gram-positivas e leveduras, atividade variável contra fungos filamentosos e nenhuma atividade contra bactérias gram-negativas. O resultado mais proeminentes observado foi a sensibilidade de Enterococcus faecalis resistentes e multirresistentes aos óleos essenciais. Em conclusão, este estudo demonstra o potencial dos óleos essenciais das espécies Heterothalamus para serem usados como antissépticos e desinfetantes, abordando o controle de bactérias gram-positivas e fungos de importância clínica

LEVANTAMENTO DE FAUNA ENTOMONECRÓFAGA DE IMPORTÂNCIA FORENSE ATRAÍDA POR ISCAS COM CARNE SUÍNA (SUS SCROFA L.) NO DISTRITO DE ROSANA-SP

Studies with necrophagous insects essentially helps in the determination of postmortem interval (PMI) of an organism and provides necessary information for criminal investigations in the forensic area. The necrophagous insects with greater incidence in forensic studies belongs to Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae (Diptera) and Dermestidae (Coleoptera) families. The research was realized near the district of Rosana - SP, in a region known as Pontal do Paranapanema. Traps made with PET bottles with ground pork inside (Sus scrofa L.) were used in an agricultural area surrounding the local diversity. The traps were exposed for 17 days and new traps were added after 9 days of exposure. Were collected 15.715 insects directly from putrefaction gorund pork. The results of this study demonstrate a great diversity of Diptera, with nine families, and six families of coleoptera with forensic interest. The most abundant families were, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae and Muscidae, Dermestidae and Histeridae in their respective orders.Estudos com insetos necrófagos auxilia fundamentalmente na determinação do Intervalo pós morte (IPM) de um organismo e fornece informações necessárias às investigações criminais na área forense. Os insetos entomonecrófagos com maior incidência em estudos forenses pertencem as famílias Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae (Diptera) e Dermestidae (Coleoptera). O presente estudo ocorreu em sítio próximo ao distrito de Rosana – SP, região conhecida como Pontal do Paranapanema. Foram utilizadas armadilhas confeccionadas com garrafas PET contendo carne suína (Sus scrofa L.) moída, em uma área agrícola abrangendo a diversidade local. As armadilhas ficaram expostas por 17 dias e foram acrescentadas novas armadilhas após 9 dias de exposição. Como resultado do estudo foram capturados 15.715 insetos, diretamente da carne em decomposição de suíno. Os resultados desse estudo demonstraram uma grande diversidade de dípteros, nove famílias, e seis famílias de coleópteros com interesse forense. As famílias mais abundantes foram Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae e Muscidae, Dermestidae e Histeridae em suas respectivas ordens

O NÚCLEO DE PRÁTICA JURÍDICA DIGITAL COMO FORMA DE ACESSO À JUSTIÇA

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o Núcleo de Práticas Jurídicas do Curso de Direito da UNIGRANRIO e suas inovações tecnológicas e acadêmicas diante da necessidade de se adequar às necessidades do Mercado, bem como ao Regulatório (MEC, DCNs e OAB). O Objetivo do trabalho está fincado num estudo de caso real, diante do implemento de ferramentas que auxiliam a manter a extensão, ensino e a pesquisa do NPJ do Curso de Direito da UNIGRANRIO, com auxílio da implementação do Núcleo de Prática Jurídica Digital

Histological assessment of bone regeneration in the maxilla with homologous bone graft: a feasible option for maxillary bone reconstruction

Bone biomaterials have been increasingly used to reconstruct maxillary atrophic ridges. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate bone reconstruction in the maxilla using a homologous cortico-cancellous FFB (lyophilized) graft and verify its reliability. Eight individuals were included from 2014 to 2018. The first surgery was performed to install homologous bone blocks in the maxilla. The period of the second intervention varied between 5 months and 15 days to 11 months (≈7.93 months). The biopsies were taken from the central region of the matured graft during the surgery for implant placement. All patients presented clinical and radiographic conditions for the installation of dental implants. There was a 100% of survival rate. The histological assessment showed that the homologous block bone graft was an osteoconductive biomaterial, with connective tissue present, and newly formed bone juxtaposed on its surface. There were bone trabeculae with osteocytes and active osteoblasts with connective tissue in the mineralization process; the remodeling process can be found through the reverse lines. A limited focus of necrosis with fibrosis was detected, with small resorption and areas of inflammatory infiltrate, but without clinical significance. The homologous block bone graft can be considered a feasible option to substitute the autogenous bone graft (gold standard), with predictable clinical and favorable histological results. The patients had a shorter surgical period, low morbidity, and an unlimited amount of biomaterial available at an accessible cost.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de óleos essenciais de Heterothalamus Less. (Asteraceae) contra espécies bacterianas e fúngicas clinicamente relevantes

Essential oils are natural, complex, and volatile compounds produced by the secondary metabolism of plants, which often serve as a protection against fungal or bacterial attack. Two species of the Asteraceae family, Heterothalamus alienus (Spreng.) O. Kuntze and Heterothalamus psiadioides Less., are used in folk medicine and recognised for their production of bioactive substances. However, little evidence of their antimicrobial properties currently exists. The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from H. alienus and H. psiadioides against clinically relevant bacterial and fungal species. The major chemical components of the essential oils used are terpene substances, of which β-pinene is the major component. Analysis of antibacterial activity was conducted using the disc diffusion method against 22 bacteria (18 gram-positive strains, including 13 enterococci strains resistant or multiresistant to antibiotics, and 4 Gram- -negative strains) and 9 fungi (6 yeasts and 3 filamentous fungi). The results indicated that essential oils from Heterothalamus species have a strong antimicrobial effect against gram-positive bacteria and yeasts, variable activity against filamentous fungi, and no activity against gram-negative bacteria. The most prominent results were observed in the sensitivity of Enterococcus faecalis (antibiotic- and multidrug-resistant strains) to the essential oils. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential for essential oils from Heterothalamus species for use as both an antiseptic and disinfectant in future approaches to control of clinically relevant gram-positive bacteria and fungi.Óleos essenciais são compostos naturais, complexos e voláteis produzidos no metabolismo secundário de plantas, os quais muitas vezes servem como proteção contra o ataque de fungos ou bactérias. Duas espécies da família Asteraceae, Heterothalamus alienus (Spreng.) O. Kuntze e Heterothalamus psiadioides Less., são utilizadas na medicina popular e reconhecidas por suas substâncias bioativas. Entretanto, existem poucas evidências sobre suas proprieda- -des antimicrobianas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro dos óleos essenciais de H. alienus e H. psiadioides contra cepas clinicamente relevantes de bactérias e fungos. Os principais componentes químicos dos óleos essenciais utilizados são as substâncias terpênicas, da qual o β-pineno é o componente majoritário. A análise da atividade antimicrobiana foi conduzida usando a técnica de difusão em disco contra 22 bactérias (18 gram-positivas, incluindo 13 enterococos resistentes ou multirresistentes a antibióticos, e 4 gram-negativas) e 9 fungos (6 leveduras e 3 fungos filamentosos). Nossos resultados indicaram que os óleos essenciais das espécies de Heterothalamus possuem forte atividade antimicrobiana contra bactérias gram-positivas e leveduras, atividade variável contra fungos filamentosos e nenhuma atividade contra bactérias gram-negativas. O resultado mais proeminentes observado foi a sensibilidade de Enterococcus faecalis resistentes e multirresistentes aos óleos essenciais. Em conclusão, este estudo demonstra o potencial dos óleos essenciais das espécies Heterothalamus para serem usados como antissépticos e desinfetantes, abordando o controle de bactérias gram-positivas e fungos de importância clínica

Leveduras killer: biologia, ecologia e aplicações biotecnológicas

The killer activity of yeasts has been observed in more than 90 species and many killer toxins (mycocins) produced by strains belonging to different genera have been extensively studied. Many studies have highlighted the biotechnological applications of the killer phenomenon: (i) control of yeasts contaminants of process fermentations; (ii) taxonomy of yeasts of clinical and industry interest; and (iii) applications in medicine like new antimycotic agents. This review deals with the potential biotechnological applications of the killer system of yeasts emphasizing the studies that have been developed until now.A atividade killer de leveduras tem sido observada em mais de 90 espécies e diversas toxinas killer (micocinas) produzidas por linhagens pertencentes a diversos gêneros têm sido extensivamente estudadas. Muitos estudos têm destacado as aplicações biotecnológicas do fenômeno killer: (i) controle de leveduras contaminantes de processos fermentativos; (ii) taxonomia e biotipagem de leveduras de interesse clínico e industrial; e (iii) aplicações biomédicas como novos agentes antimicóticos. Este trabalho de revisão aborda as potenciais aplicações do sistema killer de leveduras com base em estudos até o momento realizados, demonstrando o potencial biotecnológico dessas leveduras

Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in a population of pregnant women and evaluation of their knowledge about Chagas Disease and its vectors

This study aimed at determining prevalence of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in pregnant women in the extreme south of Brazil and at evaluating their knowledge about Chagas Disease (CD) and its vectors. The study was carried out in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Brazil. The Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) was used for the triage and, when it was reagent, results were confirmed by the Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA). A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to evaluate patients’ knowledge. The Chi-squared test was used for evaluating correlations among variables under study while an Odds Ratio was conducted when associations were statistically significant. Only 33 (27.7%) out of 119 pregnant women under investigation underwent the serological test to identify T. cruzi because the study was carried out in the worst phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, prevalence was 6.1% (2 cases). Only 26.9% of pregnant women were able to identify triatominae and 66.4% did not know that the heart could be affected by CD. Associations between variables “lived/have lived in a rural area” and “having found ‘kissing bugs’ in the household”; “high schooling level” and “knowing that CD causes heart disorders”; and “stating that they know what CD is” and “identifying triatominae” exhibited statistical significance. Results showed that the rate of positive pregnant women is high and needs attention, even though the size of the sample is a limiting factor. Besides, the patients’ lack of knowledge about the disease and its vectors shows the importance of educational interventions

Oviposition behavior and foliar consumption of Chrysodeixis includes (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybean genotypes

ABSTRACT: The use of plant resistance acts by intervening in the herbivore-host relationship, through morphological, physical or chemical factors of the plant. This study evaluated the oviposition and foliar consumption of Chrysodeixis includens (Walker [1858]) in soybean genotypes, in free- and no-choice tests, correlating them with the factors, density and size of trichomes. The experiments were carried out in laboratory (25 ± 2 °C; RH= 70 ± 10%; photoperiod 14h) using five cultivars (BRS 391, BRS 6203 RR, BMX Valente RR, Tec Irga 6070 RR, BMX Icone Ipro) and two isolines (PELBR 10-6000 and PELBR 10-6049). The trichomes reported were filiform tectors and claviform multicellular glandular. The density of glandular trichomes, in stages V2 and V5, was higher on BRS 6203 RR and BRS 391, respectively. The higher density of glandular trichomes was observed in V5 and a higher density of tector trichomes in V2. The lowest densities and the smallest sizes of trichomes in V2 and V5 stages was observed on PELBR 10-6049. The size of tector trichomes and the number of eggs did not differ among the cultivars. Foliar consumption was lower for on BMX Icone Ipro and Tec Irga 6070 RR. Trichome density influences the consumption and oviposition behavior of C. includens

Background choice and immobility as context dependent tadpole responses to perceived predation risk

The association of immobility and camouflage is widespread as a defensive mechanism in prey from varied taxa. However, many experiments assessing the reaction of prey to predator cues are conducted under artificial laboratory conditions. In a previous experiment we observed the tadpoles of Ololygon machadoi (Hylidae) to respond to predator visual and/or chemical cues by choosing backgrounds that improve their disruptive properties, but detected no associated reduction of movement. Here we experimentally demonstrate this response in the species’ natural habitat, on backgrounds where the tadpoles are likely to achieve their best camouflage. We also tested whether previous experiences could influence both background choice and immobility in O. machadoi tadpoles. These novel experimental results suggest that a defensive behavior—i.e., reduction of movement—in these tadpoles is more strongly expressed under the natural conditions where they evolved, compared to laboratory conditions where prey and predator were brought into closer contact. Besides, previous experiences are likely to play an important role in expressed defensive responses