Evaluación mediante Tests: ¿Por qué no usar el ordenador?

Ante la necesidad de medir el nivel de capacidad de los alumnos, uno puede decidir utilizar la computadora como medio para administrar tests de evaluación. En este punto se plantea un extenso abanico de posibilidades, desde la más simple aplicación de tests convencionales en formato electrónico hasta el desarrollo de tests adaptativos informatizados siguiendo la teoría de respuesta al ítem. Este texto presenta las diferentes formas en que los ordenadores pueden facilitar las labores de evaluación, desde la creación de los ítems que se incluirán en los tests hasta su almacenamiento, administración y posterior mantenimiento

Diziplina Anitzeko PBL-a Ingeniaritzan: esperientzia bat Software Ingeniaritza eta Datu-baseak Irakasgaietan

In recent years there have been many changes at all levels of education, from preschool to university. It was common at university to have classes of 200 students, mostly aimed at teaching theory. Nowadays, however, the number of students is much smaller and the classes much more practical. This allows different methodologies to be applied, such as Project Based Learning (PBL), where students internalize contents through the development of a project. Applying this methodology, a multidisciplinary pilot test was carried out in the 2017/2018 academic year in the BSc in Computer Management and Information Systems Engineering of the Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao between the courses of Software Engineering and Databases, specifically a common project. This article explains what the experience was like and what conclusions were drawn from it.; Azken urteetan aldaketa asko izan dira hezkuntza arloko maila guztietan, haur hezkuntzatik hasi eta unibertsitateraino. Unibertsitatean ohikoa zen 200 ikasleko eskolak egokitzea, batez ere teoriaren irakaskuntzari zuzenduta zeudenak. Gaur egun, ordea, ikasle kopurua askoz ere txikiagoa da eta eskolak askoz ere praktikoagoak. Honek aukera ematen du metodologia ezberdinak aplikatu ahal izateko, Project Based Learning (PBL) izenekoa adibidez, non ikasleek edukiak proiektu baten garapenaren bitartez barneratzen dituzten. Metodologia hori aplikatuz 2017/2018 ikasturtean diziplina anitzeko proba pilotu bat egin zen Bilboko Ingeniaritza Eskolako Kudeaketaren eta Informazio Sistemen Informatikaren Ingeniaritzako graduko Software Ingeniaritza eta Datu-baseak irakasgaien artean, proiektu amankomun bat zehazki. Artikulu honetan azaltzen da esperientzia zein izan zen eta zer ondorio atera ziren handik

Medikuntza-ezagutza poltsikoan

Gaur egun medikuntza arloan ezagutza handia dago, baina zabaltzea da zaila. Horretarako, erakundeek gida klinikoak egitea erabaki zuten; bertan mediku es-pezialistek gomendioak eta maila oneko erreferentziak ematen dituzte gaixotasun ba-koitzaren inguruan. Gida asko daude eta ia ezinezkoa da denekin egunean egotea. Tek-nologiak aurrera egin duen heinean, gidak informatizatzea lagungarri dela ikusi da. Hasiera batean formatu elektronikora pasa ziren, baina gaur egun gida exekutagarriak daude, eta Erabaki Taldeak OsasunApp aurkezten du, automatikoki mugikorretako aplikazioak sortzen dituen sistema. Artikulu honetan OsasunApp azaltzen da; baita zer egin beharko litzatekeen etorkizunean ere.; Today there is a huge amount of knowledge in the field of medicine, but it is difficult to spread it. Public organizations make clinical guidelines to let profession-als of medicine access to best practice recommendations and references in multiple dis-eases. There are many guides and it is almost impossible to be up to date in all of them. As technology has progressed, clinic guidelines have been computerized. Initially to digital formats, but now they are even executable. In this paper, ErabakiTaldea Group introduces OsasunApp, a system that automatically creates mobile applications. Be-sides explaining OsasunApp, a forecast is provided in this area

San Adrian: un nuevo yacimiento de la Edad del Bronce en el Norte de la Peninsula Iberica

Bronze Age studies carried out in the Cantabrian Region have traditionally focused on prestige goods and funerary contexts. As a result of this, the lack of information about daily activities, subsistence strategies, and human settlement on a regional scale is evident in the state of art. However, current research has achieved new discoveries in recent years, allowing a reconstruction of some aspects of the economic structure, settlements, material culture and the palaeoenvironment during the Bronze Age. Indeed, besides the funerary practices discovered in 1983 in San Adrian (Parztuergo Nagusia, Gipuzkoa), research has now revealed the presence of Upper Palaeolithic and Early Bronze Age occupations. This paper presents a first characterization of the retrieved evidence and a preliminary evaluation of the archaeological site and its environment. San Adrian is a tunnel-shaped cave located at 1,000 meters a.s.l. in the Aizkorri mountain range, opening a passage beneath the Atlantic-Mediterranean watershed in northern Iberia. The strategic character of this mountain site is demonstrated by the presence of Upper Palaeolithic and Bronze Age occupations, and by the construction of a road passing through it and the fortification of both its entrances in the Middle Ages. The aim of the archaeological survey started in 2008 was to identify, describe and evaluate the heritage potential of the cave, because previous fieldwork had only managed to make surface finds in the side galleries, including a medieval hoard and Bronze Age human remains. The work carried out by our research group at San Adrian includes a series of test pits and the excavation of an area nine square metres in size following stratigraphic criteria. In the current state, we identified at least two contexts corresponding to Late Upper Palaeolithic and Bronze Age occupations in the cave. Fieldwork included the sieving and flotation of sediment and the collection of samples for different types of analysis: palynology, carpology, sedimentology, and radiocarbon dating. The evidence is being studied by a multidisciplinary team according to expertise requirements for each topic: palaeobotany and environment, archaeozoology, sedimentology, geology, physical anthropology, prehistoric industries (lithics, pottery and bone) and archaeological and historical documentation. Because of its recent discovery, Upper Palaeolithic evidence remains still under study, but first results on Bronze Age layers can be presented. The ongoing archaeobotanical and archaeozoological studies reveal the exploitation of domestic plants and fauna complemented by hunting and foraging of wild species. At the same time, the archaeological artefacts and their production sequences show the exploitation of nearby resources on both sides of the mountain range, while prestige goods are absent. This evidence is also used to estimate the regularity of cave occupations and to propose a model of seasonal exploitation of the mountain environment. The results obtained reveal the exploitation of resources from both the Mediterranean and Atlantic basins, and contribute towards an understanding of the daily activities of Bronze Age societies. In addition, the evidence shows the exchange and circulation of quotidian products between the Cantabrian region and inland Iberia in other networks than those of prestige goods

Azterketa informatizatu eraginkor baten bila

Tests are a common method for assessing knowledge. In their classic version, they consist of fixed questions created according to the experience of the test developer. In computer adaptive tests (CAT) each person will have different items depending on her/his previous answers. To achieve this behavior, each item has to be calibrated. That is, certain characteristics have to be estimated using specific processes. This paper shows how to create a CAT and the necessary steps for calibrating the items.; Gaur egun testak ohikoak dira, ezagutza ebaluatzeko garaian. Gehienetan, ebaluatzailearen esperientzian eta eskarmentuan oinarrituta hartzen dira azterketarako galdera edo itemak. Test Egokigarri Informatizatu (TEI) batean pertsona bakoitzak item ezberdinak ditu, aurreko erantzunen arabera. Hori lortu ahal izateko, item bakoitza kalibratu egin behar da, hau da, item bakoitzari balio batzuk eman behar zaizkio, prozesu jakin, zehatz bati jarraituz. Artikulu honetan azaltzen da zer egin behar den TEI bat osatzeko eta itemak kalibratzeko

The Role of NRF2 in Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors

The raising prevalence of obesity is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly coronary artery disease (CAD), and heart failure, including atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Obesity contributes directly to incident cardiovascular risk factors, including hyperglycemia or diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which are involved in atherosclerosis, including structural and functional cardiac alterations, which lead to cardiac dysfunction. CVDs are the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In obesity, visceral and epicardial adipose tissue generate inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative stress and contribute to the pathogenesis of CVDs. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2; encoded by Nfe2l2 gene) protects against oxidative stress and electrophilic stress. NRF2 participates in the regulation of cell inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism, including the expression of over 1000 genes in the cell under normal and stressed environments. NRF2 is downregulated in diabetes, hypertension, and inflammation. Nfe2l2 knockout mice develop structural and functional cardiac alterations, and NRF2 deficiency in macrophages increases atherosclerosis. Given the endothelial and cardiac protective effects of NRF2 in experimental models, its activation using pharmacological or natural products is a promising therapeutic approach for obesity and CVDs. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on the role of NRF2 in obesity-associated cardiovascular risk factors

Fibrosis regression is induced by AdhMMP8 in a murine model of chronic kidney injury.

Adenoviral vector AdhMMP8 (human Metalloproteinase-8 cDNA) administration has been proven beneficial in various experimental models of liver injury improving liver function and decreasing fibrosis. In this study, we evaluated the potential therapeutic AdhMMP8 effect in a chronic kidney damage experimental model. Chronic injury was induced by orogastric adenine administration (100mg/kg/day) to Wistar rats for 4 weeks. AdhMMP8 (3x1011vp/kg) was administrated in renal vein during an induced-ligation-ischemic period to facilitate kidney transduction causing no-additional kidney injury as determined by histology and serum creatinine. Animals were sacrificed at 7- and 14-days post-Ad injection. Fibrosis, histopathological features, serum creatinine (sCr), BUN, and renal mRNA expression of αSMA, Col-1α, TGF-β1, CTGF, BMP7, IL-1, TNFα, VEGF and PAX2 were analyzed. Interestingly, AdhMMP8 administration resulted in cognate human MMP8 protein detection in both kidneys, whereas hMMP8 mRNA was detected only in the left kidney. AdhMMP8 significantly reduced kidney tubule-interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. Also, tubular atrophy and interstitial inflammation were clearly decreased rendering improved histopathology, and down regulation of profibrogenic genes expression. Functionally, sCr and BUN were positively modified. The results showed that AdhMMP8 decreased renal fibrosis, suggesting that MMP8 could be a possible therapeutic candidate for kidney fibrosis treatment

Tras las huellas de los asentamientos asturienses. Intervenciones arqueológicas en El Alloru, la Sierra Plana de la Borbolla y otros sitios mesolíticos del oriente de Asturias

A pesar de la gran abundancia de yacimientos atribuibles a este período (unos 130 sólo en el oriente de Asturias) (Fano 1998), la información disponible para el estudio de las áreas de hábitat de las sociedades relacionadas con el complejo arqueológico costero conocido como asturiense (viii-vi milenios cal BC) es muy escasa. Es éste un problema que ya preocupó al propio conde de la Vega del Sella, quien abogó por la existencia de espacios habitacionales al aire libre próximos a las cavidades (Vega del Sella 1923), pues éstas no habrían podido ser utilizadas para esta finalidad, dado que en algunos casos los concheros las habrían colmatado completamente. Años más tarde, G. A. Clark trató de contrastar esta hipótesis excavando frente a la boca de la cueva de La Riera (Clark, 1974), donde creyó haber documentado indicios de ocupaciones asturienses al aire libre. No obstante, estos resultados fueron cuestionados por revisiones posteriores (González Morales, 1982, Arias, 1991). Por el contrario, en la base del conchero de Mazaculos II se encontraron indicios de un asentamiento en la entrada de la cueva (González Morales, 1982), lo que volvió a poner sobre la mesa la posibilidad de la existencia de asentamientos hipogeos en el Mesolítico Cantábrico, planteamiento que fue considerado en trabajos posteriores, al evaluar la habitabilidad de las cavidades con conchero (Arias, 1991). Observaciones efectuadas en los años 1990, como la relativa a la topografía del terreno inmediato a las cuevas, no siempre favorable a la existencia de ocupaciones exteriores, corroboraron esa posibilidad, pero sin negar la probable presencia de asentamientos al aire libre (Fano, 1998).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio