On the use of preference-based evolutionary multi-objective optimization for solving a credibilistic portfolio selection model

The portfolio selection problem tries to identify the assets to allocate the capital, and the proportion to be devoted to each asset, for maximizing the returns at the minimum risk. By nature, this is a multi-objective optimization problem. In this work, we propose a three-objective model for portfolio selection, in which the uncertainty of the portfolio returns is modelled by means of LR-power fuzzy variables. We consider as criteria the credibilistic expected return (to be maxi- mized), the below-mean absolute semi-deviation as a risk measure (to be minimized), and a loss function which evaluates the credibility of achieving a non-positive return (to be minimized). The uncorrelation among the risk and loss measures concludes that they provide different information. Budget, cardinality, and diversification constraints are considered. To generate non-dominated portfolios fitting the investor' expectations, preference-based evolutionary algorithms are applied. The preferences are given by aspiration values to be attained by the objectives and profiles representing aggressive, cautious, and conservative investors are analysed. The results for data of the IBEX35 show that portfolios improving the preferences are found in the cautious and aggressive cases, while portfolios with objective values as close as possible to the expectations are obtained in the conservative case. In the generation process, the credibilistic loss has played an important role to and diversified portfolios.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

A-GWASF-GA: The New Version of GWASF-GA to Solve Many Objective Problems

A new version of the evolutionary algorithm based on GWASF-GA [1] is proposed in this work. GWASF-GA is an aggregation-based algorithm which uses the Tchebychev metric plus an augmentation term as fitness function and two reference points (the utopian and nadir points) to classify the individuals according to a set of widely-distributed weight vectors. Although this algorithm obtains a good approximation of the Pareto front (PF) for multi-objective optimization problems, this may be more difficult to obtain for many-objective optimization problems due to the fact that the weight vectors used are never updated along the search process. For this reason, we propose a new version of the algorithm, called A-GWASF-GA, in which a dynamic adjustment of the weight vectors is carried out. The main idea is to re-calculate some weight vectors in order to obtain solutions in parts of the PF with a lack of solutions. Firstly, a percentage (p) of the total number of evaluations is performed with the original GWASF-GA [1]. Secondly, during the rest of evaluations (1-p), we re-calculate na times the projection directions determined by a subset of Na weight vectors. The re-calculation process is based on a scattering level, a measure based on the distance of each solution and the solutions around it. According to the scattering level of the generated solutions, we detect the Na weight vectors projecting toward overcrowded areas of the PF and we re-calculate them so that their new projection directions point towards areas of the PF which are not so well approximated. In order to show the effectiveness of A-GWASF-GA, we compare it with NSGA-III [2, 3], MOEA/D [4], MOEA/D-AWA [5] and the original GWASF-GA.To evaluate their performance, we use the IGD metric [6]. The results of the computational experiment demonstrate the good performance of A-GWASF-GA in the novel many-objective optimization benchmark problems considered.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Event-based Vision meets Deep Learning on Steering Prediction for Self-driving Cars

Event cameras are bio-inspired vision sensors that naturally capture the dynamics of a scene, filtering out redundant information. This paper presents a deep neural network approach that unlocks the potential of event cameras on a challenging motion-estimation task: prediction of a vehicle's steering angle. To make the best out of this sensor-algorithm combination, we adapt state-of-the-art convolutional architectures to the output of event sensors and extensively evaluate the performance of our approach on a publicly available large scale event-camera dataset (~1000 km). We present qualitative and quantitative explanations of why event cameras allow robust steering prediction even in cases where traditional cameras fail, e.g. challenging illumination conditions and fast motion. Finally, we demonstrate the advantages of leveraging transfer learning from traditional to event-based vision, and show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms based on standard cameras.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables. Video: https://youtu.be/_r_bsjkJTH

The right to health in the jurisprudence of European Court of Human Rights and Inter-American Court of Human Rights

El derecho a la salud es garantizado en múltiples instrumentos jurídicos internacionales de manera directa e indirecta. Sin perjuicio del marco general que configura la Carta de Derechos Humanos, los sistemas de protección de la OEA y del Consejo de Europa se ocupan cuidadosamente de velar por la máxima protección individual y colectiva de la salud. En los últimos años, la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, amparándose principalmente en la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, ha condenado la violación del derecho a la salud en numerosas ocasiones y en relación a casos recientes. Del mismo modo, el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, de conformidad con el artículo 8.2 y otros derechos vinculados a este precepto, vela porque los Estados protejan a sus ciudadanos y les presten el nivel más elevado y adecuado de salud.The right to health is guaranteed in multiple international legal instruments directly and indirectly. Although the Charter of Human Rights provides a system of general protection, the systems of the OAS and the Council of Europe are carefully engaged to ensure the maximum individual and collective protection of health. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights, under the umbrella of the American Convention on Human Rights, has condemned the violation of the right to health on numerous occasions, in recent years, a regarding fresh and recent cases. In the same way, the European Court of Human Rights, in accordance with Article 8.2 and other associated rights, ensures that States protect their citizens and provide them with the highest attainable standard of health.Proyecto I+D Excelencia 2015 DER2015- 65906-PProyecto I+D+i Europa Investigación EUIN2017-8543

Implementación del podcast como herramienta didáctica para la enseñanza de los reinos de los seres vivos

La presente investigación tiene como propósito identificar lo que piensan los niños y niñas de primero de primaria frente a la cartilla de lectura inicial “Nacho Lee”, en donde se abordaran tres temas principales, los cuales son: las imágenes, los contenidos y las actividades que encuentran dicha cartilla, para esto se tiene en cuenta la importancia que tiene la enseñanza del proceso lector en los primeros años de escolaridad, además de las herramientas que se utiliza para lograr este aprendizaje, como los métodos de enseñanza y los libros de texto escolar. Para lograrlo se parte de un enfoque descriptivo, que se adapta a las necesidades del estudio es la etnometodología, centrado en identificar el núcleo central y periférico de las representaciones sociales, para lo cual se trabaja con una población de 9 niños y niñas de la Institución Educativa Alfonso Pumarejo del municipio de la Virginia, donde se utiliza como instrumento de investigación la entrevista semi-estructurada, para entender lo que piensan los niños y niñas acerca de la cartilla “Nacho Lee”

Biological experiments with human beings in the framework of armed conflict law

En situaciones de conflicto armado, los Convenios de Ginebra prohíben la práctica de experimentos biológicos o científicos, excepto cuando estén justificados médicamente. En este sentido, los principios éticos y jurídicos de asistencia a la salud continúan rigiendo las actuaciones del personal de salud, quienes ostentan siempre el deber de proteger la salud física y mental de las personas, así como el de aliviar su sufrimiento, de conformidad con el derecho.In situations of armed conflict, the Geneva Conventions prohibit the practice of biological or scientific experiments, except when they are medically justified. In this sense, the ethical and legal principles of health care continue to govern the actions of health personnel, who always have the duty to protect the physical and mental health of people and alleviate their suffering in accordance with the right.Unión Europea EUIN2017-8543

La venganza del pueblo: la novela del trujillato tras el tiranicidio

This essay treats the literary representation of Trujillato social experience in the period after the dictator's death. This fiction adopts plural forms that show the profound complexity of this dictatorship and the social and literary trauma of the Dominican Republic. In the sixties and seventies the Dominican writer proofed new fictional ways that allowed process this cruel, closed and hard experience. The mean ways of this literary treatment were related to the dictatorship's effects in the society: the representation of Trujillo's militaries and the vindication of people who fought against the despotic government.Este artículo analiza los flujos por los que discurre la representación literaria que la experiencia del trujillato construyó en la memoria social desde los años posteriores al tiranicidio hasta la década de los setenta. Las distintas formas que adopta esta ficción dan cuenta de la complejidad del fenómeno del trujillato, integrándolo en una causalidad de orden explicativo que apunta a una realidad social traumatizada que, por ende, cristaliza discursos literarios traumatizados. En los años sesenta y setenta, el escritor dominicano trató de horadar el silencio y el miedo impuesto por la tiranía de Trujillo y ensayó maneras de abrir algunos espacios –a través de la ficción– que permitieran procesar esa experiencia. Las repuestas a las dictaduras son de naturaleza plural, pero suelen integrar a élites y culturas populares, expandiendo espacios que en la tiranía habían sido inexplorados por la férrea censura. En el caso del trujillato esto se traduce principalmente en la producción de novelas que siguen los presupuestos de la mimesis tradicional, y se concentran en los efectos de la dictadura en el pueblo. Entonces, lo que se va a recrear será la denuncia del contingente trujillista y los hacedores de su ideología por un lado; y por otro, la vindicación de los héroes anónimos que lucharon fervientemente por derrocar la dictadura

In Vitro Mutagenic and Genotoxic Assessment of a Mixture of the Cyanotoxins Microcystin-LR and Cylindrospermopsin

The co-occurrence of various cyanobacterial toxins can potentially induce toxic effects different than those observed for single cyanotoxins, as interaction phenomena cannot be discarded. Moreover, mixtures are a more probable exposure scenario. However, toxicological information on the topic is still scarce. Taking into account the important role of mutagenicity and genotoxicity in the risk evaluation framework, the objective of this study was to assess the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of mixtures of two of the most relevant cyanotoxins, Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and Cylindrospermopsin (CYN), using the battery of in vitro tests recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for food contaminants. Mixtures of 1:10 CYN/MC-LR (CYN concentration in the range 0.04-2.5 µg/mL) were used to perform the bacterial reverse-mutation assay (Ames test) in Salmonella typhimurium, the mammalian cell micronucleus (MN) test and the mouse lymphoma thymidine-kinase assay (MLA) on L5178YTk± cells, while Caco-2 cells were used for the standard and enzyme-modified comet assays. The exposure periods ranged between 4 and 72 h depending on the assay. The genotoxicity of the mixture was observed only in the MN test with S9 metabolic fraction, similar to the results previously reported for CYN individually. These results indicate that cyanobacterial mixtures require a specific (geno)toxicity evaluation as their effects cannot be extrapolated from those of the individual cyanotoxins.España Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2015-64558-

Ocular Auscultation: A Review

Ocular auscultation is a commonly neglected step of routine physical examination. An adequate ocular auscultation can be helpful in discovering an ocular bruit, which is an important diagnostic finding for a broad spectrum of pathologic conditions, some of which are potentially fatal. In this article, we present a literature review on the physical exam maneuver of ocular auscultation, as well as the pathophysiology and differential diagnosis of ocular bruits. We also included a description of the adequate auscultation technique and a discussion about the applicability of ocular auscultation in clinical practic