O papel do Criminólogo na problemática do absentismo escolar

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em CriminologiaO Absentismo Escolar é considerado um fenómeno complexo, visto que existem diversos fatores e condições sociais inerentes ao mesmo. Considera-se o Absentismo Escolar como sendo a falta de assistência à escola de forma reiterada e consecutiva, quer seja por vontade do aluno ou dos pais. É, portanto um problema que afeta negativamente a formação dos alunos e se reflete no seu desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer melhor este fenómeno apostando na prevenção, de modo a conseguir realizar uma intervenção mais eficaz. Produziu-se um estudo de carater quantitativo com alunos do 10.º, 11.º e 12.º anos da Escola Secundária de Alexandre Herculano no Porto. Utilizamos como instrumento um inquérito por questionário que nos vai permitir conhecer de uma melhor forma este fenómeno. O Criminólogo tem um papel de extrema importância nesta problemática, uma vez que vai procurar conhecer melhor o fenómeno, fazer uma análise mais detalhada sobre o mesmo para o conseguir interpretar e explicar. Tendo também um papel fundamental ao nível da prevenção do Absentismo Escolar. É expetável, que com este projeto se consiga realizar um trabalho mais eficaz no combate ao absentismo escolar. Os resultados esperados vão ao encontro dos objetivos traçados.Truancy is considered to be a complex phenomenon, because there are numerous social factors and terms inherent to this subject. Truancy can be defined by the lack of school attendance consecutively, whether by the parents’ or the students’ will. Therefore, it is an issue that affects the education of students, in a negative way, and is reflected in their development. The goal of this study is to know more about this phenomenon, and to focus on its prevention, so that a more effective intervention can take place. A quantitative study was carried out that included 10th, 11th and 12th grade students of Alexandre Herculano high school in Oporto. We used as tool a questionnaire survey that will allow us to better understand this phenomenon. The Criminologist has a decisive role in this issue because he will try to better understand the phenomenon, elaborate a detailed analysis on the subject so that he can, later on, interpret and explain it. That being said, it is easy to understand the essential role of the Criminologist when it comes to preventing truancy. With this project it is expected a more effective work on the fight against truancy. The expected results meet the goals that were set

Farmers' Demand for Information about Agribusiness

This study is focused on the habits of the Brazilian farmers that access the Internet for searching information to their economical activities. The main goal is to understand how come those agents of the agribusiness use the formal and informal (personal contact) means of communication, as well as the functions that each of those means accomplish to this public. In other words, it intends to identify the channels of communication of major importance to farmers (used more often, considered the ones of more credibility and preferred among them). That is possible by means of a questionnaire sent exclusively by e-mail, answered by Brazilian farmers. The motivation of the study is to contribute to make the communication more efficient to those who work on farms. That can produce benefits to the communication companies and to the public. The results show that the Internet is the mean of communication more often used and preferred on the process of searching information about the agribusiness among Brazilian farmers. The personal contact, not considered in the valuation about preference, appears in second position in the ranking for intensity of use. On the other hand, the radio, regional press newspapers and newsletters of class entities were the less consulted and the last ones in the ranking of preference.Agribusiness, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

Innovation and Environmental Policy: Clean vs. Dirty Technical Change

We study a two sector endogenous growth model with environmental quality with two goods and two factors of production, one clean and one dirty. Technological change creates clean or dirty innovations. We compare the laissez-faire equilibrium and the social optimum and study first- and second-best policies. Optimal policy encourages research toward clean technologies. In a second-best world, we claim that a portfolio that includes a tax on the polluting good combined with optimal innovation subsidy policies is less costly than increasing the price of the polluting good alone. Moreover, a discriminating innovation subsidy policy is preferable to a non-discriminating one. JEL codes: H23, O3, O41Pollution, Endogenous Growth, Innovation, Environmental Policy, Laissez-Faire Equilibrium, Optimal Equilibrium, Discriminating vs. Non-Discriminating Subsidies to R&D

Technology Adoption in Nonrenewable Resource Management

Nonrenewable resource scarcity has been a traditional concern when designing optimal growth models. Technological change has played an important role in those models, since its presence is assumed to mitigate the depletion effect on extraction paths over time. We formalize the general problem of a competitive nonrenewable resource extracting firm to analyze optimal extraction behavior and technology adoption when adoption is costly, both in a deterministic and a stochastic environment, when the firm either anticipates adoption or not. Based on a quadratic extraction cost function, our results do not support the traditional view according to which the firm will only incur in an adoption cost when the stock is depleted enough.nonrenewable resources; technology adoption; depletion effect; cost of adoption.

Educating for sociability and learning for citizenship: developing communicational skills and mediation in educational contexts

This text concerns a program about the Promotion of Social and Communicational Skills and Mediation (PSCSM) developed with children aged between 10 and 13 years in a non-formal educational institution. The program of intervention had, as its purpose, the promotion of social and communicational competencies and mediation, thus enabling the children involved to have a healthy and responsible sociability in the different contexts in which they find themselves: family, school, peer group, amongst others. It was developed over 13 sessions with objectives and activities intentionally planned with the view of promoting competencies of communication, co-operation, responsibility, a critical spirit, solidarity, autonomy, respect, integration, inclusion and the recognition of rights and duties. This work was carried out with an action-research methodology that resorted to various techniques and instruments to gather and record information. The results obtained showed the impact and benefits of the program and they also revealed the necessity of educational institutions investing in the promotion of an ethical literacy and the empowerment of the children and young people for healthy sociability and active citizenship

Um compêndio de medidas (frequentes e recentes) usadas em comportamento organizacional

Um dos obstáculos frequentes à actividade de investigação decorre da dificuldade de identificar medidas estáveis e testadas para operacionalizar as variáveis em estudo. Este artigo identifica um conjunto de instrumentos de medida, usados recente e/ou frequentemente pelos investigadores do comportamento organizacional. Não sendo um guia exaustivo, este compêndio pretende facultar um acesso mais rápido e direccionado àqueles que produzem investigação neste domínio científico

a systematic literature review

We systematically review the concept and main characteristics of everyday creativity. First, we highlight the fact that a comprehensive definition of everyday creativity is still missing. The evidence reveals that the lack of a single approach for assessing everyday creative outcomes has led to an ambiguous understanding of this concept. Therefore, we propose a complementary perspective to define everyday creativity moving toward a broader comprehension of the construct. Second, we identify and analyze the main proprieties of everyday creativity in order to clearly distinguish it from big-c creativity, genius kind of creativity; thereby offering a more complete explanation of the concept. Last, we outline pathways for future research, emphasizing the potential of everyday creativity studies to intersect between multiple fields.authorsversionpublishe

Cumulative prospect theory : a parametric analysis of the functional forms and applications

Mestrado em FinançasEste trabalho apresenta um estudo empírico sobre cumulative prospect theory através do estudo da função de utilidade e a função de probabilidade distorcida. Os resultados obtidos estão de acordo com a literatura, que mostra que a função da utilidade é côncava no domínio dos ganhos, e quase linear no domínio das perdas. Não só mostra que a função da probabilidade distorcida tem a forma de um "S" inverso tanto no domínio dos ganhos como no domínio das perdas. Também aborda o estudo de variáveis demográficas relacionando-as com os coeficientes das funções mencionadas anteriormente, concluindo assim que os homens estão mais dispostos a correr riscos do que as mulheres. Por fim, através dos coeficientes calculados, foi possível aplicar os resultados ao mercado financeiro. Primeiro criando uma ponte entre o coeficiente de loss aversion e a escala de DOSPERT, o que irá facilitar a determinação do carteira mais adequado para cada individuo. Segundo, aplicando a cumulative prospect theory à modern portfolio theory para o mercado Português. Isto irá permitir que as instituições financeiras consigam determinar a carteira óptima do mercado, tendo em conta as probabilidades distorcidas.This work presents an empirical study of the cumulative prospect theory using a Portuguese sample. We estimate the value function and the probability weighting function with positive and negative outcomes. The results confirm previous works that the value function is concave in the gain domain and almost linear in the loss domain. Our results also show an inverse S-shape for the probability weighting function in both loss and gain domain. We also look into the relation of the coefficient from the already mentioned functions with some demographic variables. It was possible to conclude that males are more willing to take risks than females. Finally, using the calculated coefficients we discuss the applicability of the results in the context of financial markets. First we establish a bridge between the loss aversion coefficient and the DOSPERT-scale, which will provide an easier way for financial institutions to present the correct efficient portfolio for each individual. Second we apply the cumulative prospect theory to the modern portfolio theory, for the Portuguese market. This will allow the financial institutions to create an efficient portfolio of the market, taking into account the probabilities distortion

O papel do capital psicológico no bem-estar subjetivo

A perspetiva positiva tem ganho crescente importância nas tentativas de compreensão de variáveis e processos organizacionais. Neste âmbito destaca-se o comportamento organizacional positivo e o seu constructo central, o capital psicológico, entendido como o estado individual de desenvolvimento de um conjunto de capacidades psicológicas, em que se contam a auto-eficácia, o otimismo, a esperança e a resiliência. A evidência empírica sugere que este fator psicológico de positividade produz efeitos benéficos nas atitudes, comportamentos e desempenho dos colaboradores organizacionais (e.g., Avey, Luthans, & Youssef, 2010), mas também em fatores relacionados com a saúde e bem-estar. A presente meta-análise examina as relações entre capital psicológico, bem-estar subjetivo no contexto laboral e diversos fatores que concorrem para este bem-estar (e.g., stress no trabalho, esgotamento, exaustão emocional). O conjunto de estudos usado nesta revisão quantitativa foi obtido através de diversas técnicas padrão de pesquisa de literatura. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exaustiva em bases de dados especializadas, complementada com pesquisas ancestrais e de descendência. Diversos investigadores foram contactados com o fito de obter investigações não publicadas. A partir do acervo de estudos obtido foram definidos critérios de inclusão e exclusão para a seleção de estudos a considerar na presente meta-análise. Os resultados revelam que existe uma relação positiva entre capital psicológico e bem-estar subjetivo, sendo concomitantemente identificadas relações negativas entre este recurso psicológico e fatores como o stresse, o esgotamento e a exaustão emocional. As implicações destes resultados são discutidas e são avançadas diversas sugestões de investigação futura