O USO DE JOGOS NA CONSOLIDAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO NA DISCIPLINA DE MICROBIOLOGIA E IMUNOLOGIA BÁSICA: QUEBRA – CABEÇA BACTERIOLÓGICO

Diante da crescente demanda por inovação percebeu-se a necessidade de implementação de uma nova didática educativa, que busque uma interação aluno-professor com implementação de aulas dinâmicas e interativas por meio de metodologias ativas. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo a aplicação de jogos didáticos na disciplina de Microbiologia e Imunologia Básica, apresentando conteúdos relacionados às aulas, como morfologia, fator de virulência, doenças relacionadas e método de identificação das bactérias. Procurou-se a participação de alunos do Centro Universitário Católica de Quixadá (Unicatólica) que já cursaram ou estavam cursando a disciplina no período de 2019.1, afim de auxiliar na aprendizagem e trazer mais leveza e participação para as aulas. Foi perceptível que o grupo de alunos que responderam o questionário após a aplicação do jogo de quebra-cabeça apresentou um aumento significativo na pontuação, de acordo com o número de acertos das questões, quando comparado com o grupo que respondeu o questionário sem ter participado da metodologia ativa. Dessa forma, de acordo com as considerações e resultados apresentados, observa-se a grande contribuição da utilização de jogos didáticos para auxiliar a fixação do conteúdo teórico revisado em sala, percebendo-se a boa adesão dos alunos e eficácia da metodologia na disciplina

Post Mortem Ultrasound and Computed Tomography Findings of an Extraluminal Urinary Bladder Leiomyoma in a Dog

Background: Neoplasia of the urinary bladder is common in dogs, accounting approximately 0.5 to 1.0 percent of all neoplasms. Most of the neoplasia of the urinary bladder is epithelial in origin and only 10% of urinary bladder neoplasms in dogs are from mesenchymal origin, of which the most frequent types are leiomyoma / leiomyosarcoma, and hemangioma / hemangiosarcoma. Virtual autopsy refers to the postmortem use of radiology, ultrasound and cross-sectional imaging prior to conventional necropsy. This paper reports the detection of a rare extra-luminal urinary bladder mass diagnosed as leiomyoma with a virtual autopsy techniques.Case: A 16-year-old male Schnauzer had previous history of seizure and no complains related to the urinary system. The animal was treated symptomatically to the neurological signs and responded to medical treatment. Nine weeks later from the first visit to the hospital the dog was found dead at home. Then postmortem ultrasound and computed tomography of the abdomen were performed. Postmortem ultrasound revealed a homogenously hypoechoic, rounded and slightly irregularly marginated mass located externally but adjacent to the left cranial wall of the urinary bladder and appears to extend from its serosal margins. Postmortem computed tomography was performed after postmortem ultrasound. A pedunculated homogenous soft tissue attenuating mass was located at the left lateral aspect of the urinary bladder and extended cranially. It had a stalk that connected to the left lateral wall of the urinary bladder. A partial necropsy of the abdomen was done just to examine the mass. A round extraluminal, pedunculated mass was observed at the left lateral aspect of the urinary bladder wall. It was pale pink on the outside and white inside, with a soft to firm consistency. The lumen and mucosal surface of the urinary bladder was smooth and regular. The histology of the mass revealed a densely cellular neoplastic proliferation, expansive, composed of spindle-shaped cells with moderate to large eosinophilic cytoplasm, sometimes wavy and with indistinct edges. The nuclei were large, oval to flattened, with dense chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. Anisocytosis and anisokariosis were discrete and no mitotic figures were observed. The arrangement consisted of dense, irregular and multidirectional bundles and the stroma was scarce. The mass was histologically confirmed as leiomyoma.Discussion: In this case, we performed postmortem ultrasound and computed tomography as part of a virtual necropsy study and in both modalities the urinary bladder mass was able to be identified, followed by a partial necropsy to further investigate the nature of the mass and to collect a sample to obtain the histological diagnosis. A few of the disadvantages of the postmortem ultrasound and computed tomography specially in this case were the lack of color Doppler investigation on ultrasound and the lack of evaluation of the patter of contrast enhancement on computed tomography. These techniques could have added important information related to the vascularity characteristics of the mass in a live patient. This is the first case report in veterinary medicine that describes an extra-luminal pedunculated urinary bladder leiomyoma in a canine patient, and it is emphasized the approach by postmortem ultrasound, postmortem computed tomography and conventional necropsy findings to reach the definitive diagnosis

Socio-demographic profile and areas of occupational performance in stroke patients attended by occupational therapy service

Background: Stroke (cerebrovascular accident; CVA) resulting in difficulty orinability to perform functional tasks and daily tasks, making it difficult or impossible to return towork, participation in family and community. Occupational therapy interventions help to improveskills in activities of daily life, encouraging greater independence, autonomy, social participationand quality of life. Objective: To identify socio-demographic profile of patients after stroke treatedin an occupational therapy service and identify the filds most affected occupational performance.Methodology: Cross-sectional study with patients with stroke. We used an interview to collectsociodemographic information and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM).Results: 19 patients, 9 (47.3%) were female and 10 (52.6%) were male, aged between 36 and 74years (20-39 = 21%, 40-60 = 57.89%, > 60 = 21%). 13 (68.4%) were married or had stable union.Most had finished elementary school. Individuals reported 40 areas of occupational performanceproblems, the most quoted food and gear (self-care), cooking (productivity) and write (leisureactivities). Conclusion: The results indicate the importance of rehabilitative approaches that focuson performance in these areas most affected by stroke, in order to enable greater independence,autonomy and social participation.Introdução: As seqüelas do acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) resultam em dificuldadeou incapacidade para realizar tarefas funcionais e do dia a dia, dificultando ou impossibilitando oretorno ao trabalho, a participação na família e na comunidade. Intervenções de terapia ocupacionalajudam a melhorar as habilidades nas atividades de vida diária, favorecendo maior independência,autonomia, participação social e qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil sócio demográficode pacientes pós AVE atendidos em um serviço de terapia ocupacional e identificar as áreas dedesempenho ocupacional mais afetadas. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, com pacientes pós-AVE. Foi utilizada uma entrevista para coleta de informações sócio demográficas e a MedidaCanadense de Desempenho Ocupacional (COPM). Resultados: 19 pacientes, sendo 9 (47,3%) dosexo feminino e 10 (52,6%) do sexo masculino, idade entre 36 e 74 anos (20-39 = 21%; 40-60 =57,89%; > 60 = 21%). 13 (68,4%) eram casados ou possuíam união estável. A maioria apresentouensino fundamental incompleto. Os indivíduos relataram 40 áreas problemas de desempenhoocupacional, sendo as mais citadas alimentação e marcha (autocuidado), cozinhar (produtividade)e escrever (atividades de lazer). Considerações finais: Os resultados apontam para a importânciade abordagens reabilitadoras que foquem nestas áreas de desempenho mais afetadas pelo AVE, deforma a possibilitar maior independência, autonomia e participação socia

Sorption and mobility of thiabendazole in a Brazilian Oxisol

Thiabendazole is a benzimidazole class drug that is widely used due to its vermifugal and fungicidal properties. The present study investigates the behaviour of TBZ in the A and B horizons of a Red-Yellow Latosol typical of southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Adsorption and desorption assays were performed under different pH conditions (3.0, 4.2-5.1, and 8.5) and a leaching study was conducted using soil columns. The results demonstrated that the behaviour of TBZ in the soil was influenced by the pH, soil organic matter and clay content. The Freundlich constants  indicated that the adsorption capacities for horizons A and B were high (50-149 mg1-1/n.L1/n.kg-1) and low (0-24 mg1-1/n.L1/n.kg-1), respectively. The leaching study results indicated that for both horizons, TBZ presented higher sorption in the initial fractions of the column (0-2 cm), and that the B horizon had a lower adsorption capacity, compared to the A horizon.O tiabendazol é um medicamento da classe benzimidazois amplamente utilizado devido às suas propriedades vermífugas e fungicidas. O presente estudo investiga o comportamento da TBZ nos horizontes A e B de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo típico do sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os ensaios de adsorção e dessorção foram realizados sob diferentes condições de pH (3,0, 4,2-5,1 e 8,5) e o estudo de lixiviação foi realizado utilizando colunas de solo. Os resultados demonstraram que o comportamento da TBZ no solo foi influenciado pelo pH, conteúdo de matéria orgânica e teor de argila do solo. As constantes de Freundlich indicaram que as capacidades de adsorção para os horizontes A e B foram altas (50-149 mg1-1/n.L1/n.kg-1) e baixas (0-24 mg1-1/n.L1/n.kg-1), respectivamente. No estudo de lixiviação o TBZ apresentou maior sorção nas frações iniciais da coluna (0-2 cm), em ambos os horizontes. Além disso, o horizonte B apresentou menor capacidade de adsorção em comparação ao horizonte A, indicando maior mobilidade do TBZ neste perfil do solo

Stolen dreams: Youth in poor communities on the Coast of Paraná – Brazil

Brazil is going through a period of instability in the economic and social areas, resulting from a model of governmental management that cares little, especially for the new generations. In this context, a descriptive exploratory study was carried out with 173 young people about the problems faced in building the future. The study revealed that the average age was 19.24 years old and the average income was USD 270 for a family with an average of 4.6 people, without their own residence. 40% of these families did not have formal employment. 36.5% of young people felt deeply discouraged about the future, and among the reasons revealed by them there were the absence of a minimum income (39.9%), difficulty in accessing free public education (28%), low job offer that can reconcile with studies (22%), not considering themselves capable of overcoming difficulties (18%) and fear of failure (14%). According to the perception of all respondents, public policies to encourage minorities and access to education and work have been dilapidated in recent years and that has been the main cause that prevents the future desired by new generations

Cytological and Histopathological Correlation of Feline Giant Cell-Rich Osteosarcoma

Background: Primary bone tumours are uncommon and poorly reported in cats but osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most frequent, mostly in elderly animals. Giant cell-rich OSA is considered rare in the literature representing 3% of all OSA in humans. The mitotic index seems to have a significant effect on the survival time of cats affected by this neoplasm as well as the tumour histopathological grade. The objective of this study was to report the cytological and histopathological findings of a giant cell rich OSA in a 4-year old cat with persistent feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigenaemia.Case: A 4-year-old male neutered cat was referred with a history of persistent FeLV viraemia and pelvic limb lameness with a firm swelling. Previous radiographs of the affected limb revealed bone lysis in the third and fourth metatarsals and increased soft tissue radiopacity in the tarsal region. The referral veterinary assumed it to be osteomyelitis and initiated clinical treatment with antibiotic and anti-inflammatory. The cat was referred after there was no response to medical treatment. The cat was presented with a 5cm diameter ulcerated mass, with putrid odor in the pelvic limb. Complementary exams were performed, and abnormalities were found, including increased urea, creatinine, calcium and potassium, and decreased sodium and phosphorus. A new radiograph showed exuberant bone proliferation, with increased radiopacity involving tarsal, metatarsal, distal third of tarsal I and II, and distal diaphysis of metatarsal V, without compromising the metaphyseal region of distal diaphysis of metatarsal IV. Chest radiographs and abdominal ultrasound were unremarkable. Fine-needle aspiration was performed for cytological analysis, which reavealed a moderate amount of pleomorphic mesenchymal cells with moderate adhesion, cytoplasm with a format ranging from fusiform to stellate, pronounced anisocytosis and cellular pleomorphism, and elevated nucleus:cytoplasm ratio. Nucleus was oval and presented loose chromatin, single to double large and evident nucleolus, frequent karyomegaly, along with marked anisocariosis and nuclear pleomorphism. Multinucleated giant cells were and there was a single mitotic figure in 12 high power fields (0.196 mm2 FN20/400x). Therefore, it was suggestive of malignant mesenchymal neoplasia with possibility of OSA, fibrosarcoma oe undifferentiated sarcoma. Limb amputation with femoral disarticulation was performed uneventfully. The material was conserved in 10% formalin, submitted to macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, which showed a large number of fusiform and stellate cells, with indistinct edges, scarce eosinophilic cytoplasm, high nucleus:cytoplasm ratio and oval nucleus, presenting moderate to marked anisocariosis, loose chromatin, with unique and evident nucleoli, besides of bone trabeculae. Nuclear pleomorphism was moderate and there was four mitotic figures in three random high-power fields (400x). It was observed areas of vascular ectasia, and neoplastic embolization in lymphatic and blood vessels. Among the cells, collagenous stroma was predominant but in some areas there was an eosinophilic amorphous material with the possibility of osteoid matrix or collagen. There was also a large numbers of multinucleated giant cells. The histopathological result was compatible with a grade III giant cell rich OSA.Discussion: Although bone tumours are uncommon in cats, OSA is the most frequent, affecting maingly middle-aged to elderly cats, with a mean age of 10 years, which is different from the present report in a 4-year old cat, with FeLV persistent viraemia. Retroviral status may have influenced the development of the disease at na early onset. FeLV induces uncontrolled cell proliferation through insertional mutagenesis (usually near myc) inducing malignant neoplasias, mainly lymphoma, but also multiple cartilaginous exostosis, which, along with osteomyelitis and bone cyst were included in this patient´s list of differential diagnoses. Despite the macroscopic and radiographical andagressiveness there was no metastasis identified through chest radiographs or abdominal ultrasound, and feline OSA is associated with a lower metastatic rate, if compared to canine OSA. Cytological analysis was compatible with malignant mesenchymal neoplasia, being suggestive of giant cell rich OSA. There is no cytological classification for OSA, however cytological findings of malignancy may be correlated with the patient's clinical course. Cytological features were in agreement with the histopathological findings, compatible with a grade III giant cell rich OSA. Therefore, it is concluded that the characteristics of malignancy presented by cytology were sufficient for the recommendation of amputation of the affected limb, once there was no imaging sign of metastases in the chest or abdomen