Diagnóstico pré-natal de doenças genéticas / Pré natal diagnostic of genetic disease

O diagnóstico pré-natal de doenças genéticas envolve exames invasivos, testes de rastreamento e métodos de triagem, para acompanhamento da viabilidade fetal durante o período gestacional. Neste artigo de revisão foram enfatizadas as principais indicações, contra-indicações, complicações, diferenças entre cada um dos procedimentos. Idade materna, período gestacional, presença de anomalia genética na família são os principais pré-requisitos para a escolha do método mais adequado a ser utilizado, sendo de caráter obrigatório o prévio conhecimento dos pais a respeito do risco-benefício do mesmo. O aconselhamento genético para este tipo de exame diagnóstico é de fundamental importância uma vez que o resultado pode mudar completamente as perspectivas de uma família. Esse tema é rodeado de questionamentos éticos visto que a vida de um concepto encontra-se em questão.

Resistência a antibióticos mediada por plasmídeos / Plasmide-mediated resistance to antibiotics

Resistência bacteriana à agentes antimicrobianos é um problema mundial sério, e entendendo a base molecular de como os genes responsáveis  pela resistência são adquiridos  e transmitidos, pode-se  contribuir com a criação de novas estratégias antimicrobianas. Um mecanismo eficiente para a aquisição e disseminação de determinantes de resistência é a transmissão por elementos genéticos móveis (plasmídeos). Verificou-se que plasmídeos, transposons através de conjugação, são responsáveis pela expansão horizontal de genes de resistência ao longo das gerações de bactérias. Recentemente, elementos de expressão gênica foram denominados “integrons” que são veículos para aquisição de genes de resistência levada por plasmídeos. Os integrons também estão envolvidos na recombinação genética de determinantes de resistência e foram observados em patógenos bacterianos múltiplo-antibiótico-resistentes

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Therapeutic approaches in inflammatory diseases: a review

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2019-11-13T17:33:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas, P.R. Abordagens....pdf: 845223 bytes, checksum: f65267eed486845476ba834b0553b894 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2019-11-13T17:46:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas, P.R. Abordagens....pdf: 845223 bytes, checksum: f65267eed486845476ba834b0553b894 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-13T17:46:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas, P.R. Abordagens....pdf: 845223 bytes, checksum: f65267eed486845476ba834b0553b894 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Universidade Regional do Cariri. Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular. Cariri, CE, Brasil.Universidade Regional do Cariri. Laboratório de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais. Cariri, CE, Brasil.Centro Universitário Leão Sampaio. Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil.Centro Universitário Leão Sampaio. Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil.Universidade Regional do Cariri. Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular. Cariri, CE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.O processo inflamatório é resultante de uma resposta do organismo a uma lesão tecidual com o objetivo de restaurar a homeostase. Inicialmente ocorre o recrutamento e a ativação de leucócitos, mas com a remoção do agente agressor, a resposta inflamatória é programada para cessar, o que chamamos de resolução da inflamação. O presente estudo consiste em uma revisão de literatura sobre as abordagens terapêuticas nas doenças inflamatórias. Em que teve como critérios de inclusão: estudos em inglês, português ou espanhol, cujo o tema central fossem relacionados ao processo inflamatório ou ao tratamento farmacológico destes processos, assim fazendo parte do presente estudo 47 produções selecionadas. Os anti-inflamatórios não-esteroidais (AINEs) e glicocorticoides (GC) são os fármacos mais utilizados para tratar as doenças inflamatórias. Em geral, estas drogas são eficazes para conter o processo inflamatório, porém possuem muitos efeitos colaterais que trazem riscos aos pacientes. Deste modo, a busca por novos compostos que promovam a resolução da inflamação e tragam menos efeitos colaterais aos pacientes é um desafio para as pesquisas voltadas para a farmacologia da inflamaçãoThe inflammatory process is the result of an organism's response to a tissue injury to restore homeostasis. Initially there is recruitment and activation of leukocytes, but with the removal of the offending agent, the inflammatory response is programmed to cease, which we call inflammation resolution. The present study consists of a literature review on therapeutic approaches in inflammatory diseases. In which had as inclusion criteria: studies in English, Portuguese or Spanish, whose central theme were related to the inflammatory process or pharmacological treatment of these processes, thus being part of the present study 47 selected productions. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids (GC) are the most commonly used drugs to treat inflammatory diseases. In general, these drugs are effective in containing the inflammatory process, but have many side effects that pose risks to patients. Thus, the search for new compounds that promote inflammation resolution and bring less side effects to patients is a challenge for research focused on the pharmacology of inflammation

Evaluación de la actividad antibacteriana y moduladora del extracto etanólico de Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton contra cepas bacterianas multirresistentes

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad antibacteriana y moduladora del extracto etanólico de Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton contra cepas multirresistentes de bacterias. Por el método de microdilución, fueron definidas la concentración inhibidora mínima (MIC) del extracto y la modulación con la concentración inhibidora CIM / 8 del extracto con norfloxacina, gentamicina e imipenem contra Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Se obtuvo 512 μg/mL para g/mL para Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Se descubrió sinergismo en el caso de Staphylococcus aureus, en la modulación con norfloxacina y gentamicina, mientras que con imipenem frente a Pseudomonas aeruginosa y con gentamicina para Escherichia coli. Con base en estos resultados, se necesitan más estudios para probar la actividad antibacteriana del extracto.The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and modulatory activities of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton against resistant species. By microdilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract and modulation of the subinhibitory concentration MIC/8 to norfloxacine, gentamicin and imipenem against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was obtained 512 μg/mL para g/mL to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To Staphylococcus aureus, modulation showed synergism to norfloxacin and gentamicin, with imipenem against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gentamicin against Escherichia coli. Based on these results, more studies are needed to test the antibacterial activity of the extract

Antibacterial and antibiotic-modifying activity of the commercialized essential oil of Copaifera spp. Associated with LED lights against a Staphylococcus aureus strain

Copaiba oil is widely used in medicine due to its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, healing, antiviral, antiseptic and analgesic properties. Thus, the main objective of the study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity and modifier of the antibiotic action of the commercialized essential oil of four species of Copaifera spp. in combination with Ampicillin and LED lights against the multidrug-resistant strain of S. aureus (SA 10). The essential oil was obtained commercially through the dōTERRA® company. The evaluation of the antibacterial and modulating activity was performed using the microdilution methodology in a 96-well plate, using blue 415 nm, red 620 nm and yellow 590 nm LEDs and Ampicillin at an initial concentration of 1.024 µg/mL. The experiments were carried out in triplicate and submitted to ANOVA statistical analysis, considering a significant value of p < 0,05. The essential oil of Copaifera spp. did not show antibacterial activity alone, but showed significant modifying activity when combined with Ampicillin in the absence of LED and with red LED. However, the yellow LED and the blue LED had no significant modulating effect. The results suggest the presence of an enzymatic mechanism of resistance, indicating relevance for the development of future scientific research, aiming to help in the treatment of lesions caused by multiresistant pathogens

Avaliação da presença de Staphylococcus aureus nos leitos do Centro de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital Escola da Faculdade de Medicina do Triângulo Mineiro, em relação à posição no colchão antes e após a limpeza Evaluation of presence of Staphylococcus aureus on the beds of Hospital Escola's Intensive Care Unit, concerning the position on the mattress, before and after cleaning

Através de meios de cultura, foi pesquisada a posição de colônias de Staphylococcus aureus em colchões, visando avaliar a eficácia do procedimento de limpeza e desinfecção dos leitos do Hospital Escola da Faculdade de Medicina do Triângulo Mineiro (Uberaba). Foram analisadas amostras de 50 colchões no período de 22 de outubro de 2000 a 16 de janeiro de 2001. As amostras foram coletadas e semeadas, pela técnica de esgotamento, em dois meios de cultivo (ágar sangue e manitol) com posterior realização de provas de catalase e coagulase . Na análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes não paramétricos Mann-Whitney, Kruswkal- Wallis e Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test com nível de significância p < 0,05. Foram utilizadas 600 placas de meio de cultivo. Houve crescimento em 94 (15,6%), sendo 82 (87,2%) antes e 12 (12,8%) após a limpeza e desinfecção. Em relação à posição no leito, as amostras semeadas no meio de cultivo com manitol mostraram que não houve redução significativa na posição inferior do leito (p>0,05). Os resultados apontam e alertam para falhas no procedimento de limpeza e desinfecção dos leitos hospitalares por nós estudados.<br>By means of culture medium, it was researched the position of the colony of Staphylococcus aureus on the mattress, to evaluate the efficciuoness of the methods of cleaning and disinfection of the river bed in the Faculdade de Medicina do Triângulo Mineiro's School Hospital (Uberaba). It were evaluated fifty mattresses on the period of October 22th (2000) to January 16th (2001). The samples were collected and grown, the exhaustion techinique draining, on two different nutrient bases (blood agar and mannitol salt agar) followed by catalase and coagulase tests. For the statistical analysis, were used non-parametrics tests Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test with significance level p < 0,05 were used. Six hundred dishes of culture medium have been used. There was growing in 94 (15,6%), being 82 (87,2%) before and 12 (12,8%) after cleaning and disinfection. Concerning the position on the bed, the samples obtained from mannitol salt agar medium showed significant retention on the lower position of bed. The results alert to flaws in the procedure for cleaning and disinfection from the mattresses studied by us

Efflux Pump (QacA, QacB, and QacC) and β-Lactamase Inhibitors? An Evaluation of 1,8-Naphthyridines against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Strains

The bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus presents a variety of resistance mechanisms, among which the expression of β-lactamases and efflux pumps stand out for providing a significant degree of resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics. The 1,8-naphthyridines are nitrogen heterocycles with a broad spectrum of biological activities and, as such, are promising research targets. However, the potential roles of these compounds on bacterial resistance management remain to be better investigated. Therefore, the present study evaluated the antibacterial activity of 1,8-naphthyridine sulfonamides, addressing their ability to act as inhibitors of β-lactamases and efflux pump (QacA/B and QacC) against the strains SA-K4414 and SA-K4100 of S. aureus. All substances were prepared at an initial concentration of 1024 μg/mL, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by the broth microdilution method. Subsequently, their effects on β-lactamase- and efflux pump-mediated antibiotic resistance was evaluated from the reduction of the MIC of ethidium bromide (EtBr) and β-lactam antibiotics, respectively. The 1,8-naphthyridines did not present direct antibacterial activity against the strains SA-K4414 and SA-K4100 of S. aureus. On the other hand, when associated with antibiotics against both strains, the compounds reduced the MIC of EtBr and β-lactam antibiotics, suggesting that they may act by inhibiting β-lactamases and efflux pumps such as QacC and QacA/B. However, further research is required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these observed effects