外国語教育における「思考・判断・表現」の 評価の在り方

Problema ¿Qué relación existe entre los niveles de habilidades cognitivos evaluados y qué habilidades cognitivas alcanzan los docentes de la Escuela profesional de Obstetricia de la USMP. Objetivo: identificar la relación entre las habilidades cognitivas evaluadas y habilidades cognitivas logradas en los estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Obstetricia de la USMP. Hipótesis: Los niveles de habilidades cognitivos evaluados por los docentes se relaciona significativamente con la adquisición de habilidades cognitivas expresadas por los estudiantes en la Escuela Profesional de Obstetricia de la USMP. Población y muestra: la población lo constituyeron las 58 asignaturas que constituyen las asignaturas de plan de estudios vigente de la Escuela de Obstetricia. La muestra está constituida por 30 asignaturas tomadas no probabilísticamente y 10 exámenes desarrollados y calificados por los docentes de cada asignatura tomadas probabilísticamente para el estudio. El método de estudio: análisis documentario, el estudio fue descriptivo, transversal, no experimental y correlacional. Resultados: los niveles cognitivos evaluados por los docentes se relacionan significativamente con la adquisición de capacidades cognitivas expresadas por los estudiantes en la Escuela Profesional de Obstetricia de la USMP, con un coeficiente de correlación de r=0.746 correlación positiva alta, en la Escuela de Obstetricia los niveles cognitivos obtenidos son mayormente comprender y aplicar y muy escasamente los niveles de análisis, síntesis y evaluación

Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Obesity With Risks of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes in Men

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (hereafter fitness) and various obesity measures with risks of incident impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes

介護士のコミュニケーションスキルアッププログラムの開発 : 介護士の「コミュニケーションスキル評価票」の作成

介護を要する高齢者に何らかのコミュニケーション障害がある場合，介護者とのコミュニケーションは成立しにくく介護負担は増大し，高齢者自身もコミュニケーションを楽しむ機会が減少する。本研究ではこのような問題に対する言語聴覚士のアプローチ方法の一つとして，介護士が高齢者の認知・コミュニケーション能力に応じたコミュニケーションスキルを習得するための支援という視点を取り上げる。本稿では介護士のコミュニケーションスキルを向上させる目的で開発した「介護士のコミュニケーションスキルアップ　プログラム」の構成と本プログラムの中核となる介護士の「コミュニケーションスキル評価票」の作成方法およびその内容について報告する。評価票は老人保健施設の介護士と利用者との会話場面を基に，consensus methodの一つであるNominal Group Techniqueにより，評価項目となる概念を抽出し，試行版を経て作成した。When older adults in need of nursing care have communication disorders, caregivers may experience difficulty communicating with them. As a consequence, caregivers' stress may increase and opportunities for older adults to enjoy communication interaction with staff and/or friends may decrease. As the number of speech-language-hearing therapists (ST) who work in long-term care facilities increases, cooperation with caregivers has become a new theme for STs to solve. This motivated us to design a communication skill-up program for caregivers. This program focuses on improving the caregiver's communication skill to meet the communication needs of older adults. In this paper we describe the outline of this program and the process of developing an evaluation form for communication skill of caregivers. Once developed, such a form can serve for STs to check modifiable communication behavior of caregivers. It can also serve as a self-evaluation tool for caregivers to check their own communication behavior. In order to determine appropriate items for this form, we asked experienced STs to write down their impressions on videotaped conversation scenes between the residents and the caregivers of a facility for older adults. Nominal group technique, which is a consensus method, was used to extract relevant characteristics of their conversations. Through this procedure, an eighteen-item questionnaire "evaluation form for communication skill of caregivers" was developed.報告Report

Impact of Clinical Characteristics of Individual Metabolic Syndrome on the Severity of Insulin Resistance in Chinese Adults

The impact the metabolic syndrome (MetS) components on the severity of insulin resistance (IR) has not been reported. We enrolled 564 subjects with MetS and they were divided into quartiles according to the level of each component; and an insulin suppression test was performed to measure IR. In males, steady state plasma glucose (SSPG) levels in the highest quartiles, corresponding to body mass index (BMI) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), were higher than the other three quartiles and the highest quartiles, corresponding to the diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides, were higher than in the lowest two quartiles. In females, SSPG levels in the highest quartiles, corresponding to the BMI and triglycerides, were higher than in all other quartiles. No significant differences existed between genders, other than the mean SSPG levels in males were greater in the highest quartile corresponding to BMI than that in the highest quartile corresponding to HDL-cholesterol levels. The factor analysis identified two underlying factors (IR and blood pressure factors) among the MetS variables. The clustering of the SSPG, BMI, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol was noted. Our data suggest that adiposity, higher FPG and triglyceride levels have stronger correlation with IR and subjects with the highest BMI have the highest IR

Incidence of oral cancer in relation to nickel and arsenic concentrations in farm soils of patients' residential areas in Taiwan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To explore if exposures to specific heavy metals in the environment is a new risk factor of oral cancer, one of the fastest growing malignancies in Taiwan, in addition to the two established risk factors, cigarette smoking and betel quid chewing.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This is an observational study utilized the age-standardized incidence rates of oral cancer in the 316 townships and precincts of Taiwan, local prevalence rates of cigarette smoking and betel quid chewing, demographic factors, socio-economic conditions, and concentrations in farm soils of the eight kinds of heavy metal. Spatial regression and GIS (Geographic Information System) were used. The registration contained 22,083 patients, who were diagnosed with oral cancer between 1982 and 2002. The concentrations of metal in the soils were retrieved from a nation-wide survey in the 1980s.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The incidence rate of oral cancer is geographically related to the concentrations of arsenic and nickel in the patients' residential areas, with the prevalence of cigarette smoking and betel quid chewing as controlled variables.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Beside the two established risk factors, cigarette smoking and betel quid chewing, arsenic and nickel in farm soils may be new risk factors for oral cancer. These two kinds of metal may involve in the development of oral cancer. Further studies are required to understand the pathways via which metal in the farm soils exerts its effects on human health.</p

The impact of multimorbidity on adult physical and mental health in low- and middle-income countries: what does the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) reveal?

BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases contribute a large share of disease burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Chronic diseases have a tendency to occur simultaneously and where there are two or more such conditions, this is termed as 'multimorbidity'. Multimorbidity is associated with adverse health outcomes, but limited research has been undertaken in LMICs. Therefore, this study examines the prevalence and correlates of multimorbidity as well as the associations between multimorbidity and self-rated health, activities of daily living (ADLs), quality of life, and depression across six LMICs. METHODS: Data was obtained from the WHO's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave-1 (2007/10). This was a cross-sectional population based survey performed in LMICs, namely China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa, including 42,236 adults aged 18 years and older. Multimorbidity was measured as the simultaneous presence of two or more of eight chronic conditions including angina pectoris, arthritis, asthma, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stroke, and vision impairment. Associations with four health outcomes were examined, namely ADL limitation, self-rated health, depression, and a quality of life index. Random-intercept multilevel regression models were used on pooled data from the six countries. RESULTS: The prevalence of morbidity and multimorbidity was 54.2 % and 21.9 %, respectively, in the pooled sample of six countries. Russia had the highest prevalence of multimorbidity (34.7 %) whereas China had the lowest (20.3 %). The likelihood of multimorbidity was higher in older age groups and was lower in those with higher socioeconomic status. In the pooled sample, the prevalence of 1+ ADL limitation was 14 %, depression 5.7 %, self-rated poor health 11.6 %, and mean quality of life score was 54.4. Substantial cross-country variations were seen in the four health outcome measures. The prevalence of 1+ ADL limitation, poor self-rated health, and depression increased whereas quality of life declined markedly with an increase in number of diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the challenge of multimorbidity in LMICs, particularly among the lower socioeconomic groups, and the pressing need for reorientation of health care resources considering the distribution of multimorbidity and its adverse effect on health outcomes