FINE-TUNING LOAD FREQUENCY STABILITY IN THREE-AREA POWER SYSTEM: CUSTOMIZING PID CONTROLLER VIA HYBRID GALACTIC GRAVITATIONAL OPTIMIZATION

The Hybrid Galactic Gravitational Optimization (HGGO) method of Three-area power system (3APS) control of frequency is the main subject of this work. The suggested method has advantages of easy implementation, computing efficiency and consistent convergence. The goal is to use the HGGO algorithm to fine-tune the Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and create stable, trustworthy system. A thorough simulation of the three-area Load Frequency Control (LFC) system is carried out in MATLAB-SIMLINK environment. By optimizing PID control settings. The previous subject moves to the gravitational search algorithm (GSA), which is known for its optimization ability but is hampered by problems with local optima. This is addressed by the clustering-based learning used by the Hybrid Galactic Gravitational Optimization, which divides the programmed into clusters and uses a variety of techniques. To validate the proposed HGGO controller, load disturbances are applied to the power system and simulated outcomes for several HGGO-based load configurations are obtained

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Comparison of algorithms for the removal of impulsive noise from an image

Image pre-processing is an important operation that is used to redefine an image to improve human visual perception and information extraction. To de-noise an image tainted with impulsive noise, several state-of-the-art methods have been presented. This work examines and compares several de-noising methods based on the median filter and its advanced non-linear techniques. The research also focuses on the recommended implementation methodologies for using deep learning to de-noise impulsive noise. The paper focuses on one approach's limitations and possible remedies, as well as other techniques that have been offered. The study also identifies several other difficulties that have yet to be resolved

The enhancement of energetic and exergetic performance of embedded twisted rib turbulator over absorber plate of solar air heater

Owing to present investigation, a stochastic analysis is conducted to numerically optimize the energetic and exergetic efficiencies of embedded twisted rib turbulator over absorber plate of solar air heaters (SAHs). These efficiencies are assessed taking into account temperature rise and design characteristics. The criterion in context to energy efficiency do not take into consideration the pumping force which is needed to blow the air from the duct. Therefore, estimating the energy distribution of solar air heaters becomes a difficult task when evaluating their exergetic or effective efficiency. The experimental work determined the Nu and fr correlations in the term of geometrical configurations which are considered for evaluating the thermal behavior and compared to prior findings with smooth plate. The Optimal turbulator parameters were defined by the exergetic efficiency criterion in terms of the Reynolds and insolation.Maximum improvements in energetic and exergetic efficiencies were reported as ηth=1.81;ηeff=1.79andηII=1.82 times over smooth plate for a geometric arrangement with P/e =8, α =60°, y/e = 3 and Re = 5000. The maximum differences between simulated and experimental results, when taken into account, resulted ±6%. The current methodology also tackles the methods to research novel artificial turbulator to increase the energetic and exergetic performance of a SAHs, making it feasible to develop a design plot for the turbulator parameter without having to spend a lot of money on actual trials

Nature of Sexual Dysfunctions in Major Depressive Disorder and its Impact on Quality of Life

Background: Adequate sexual expression is an essential part of many human relationships, and may enhance quality of life and provide a sense of physical, psychological, and social well-being. Epidemiological and clinical studies show that depression is associated with impairments of sexual function and satisfaction, even in untreated patients. Most antidepressant drugs have adverse effects on sexual function, but accurate identification of the incidence of treatment-emergent dysfunction has proved troublesome. However, few investigators have reported the base rate for disturbances in sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm or ejaculation in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) prior to antidepressant treatment. The purpose of this study is to define the frequency of sexual dysfunction (SD) in 60 patients with MDD and examine the relationship between SD and quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction variables. Materials and Methods: A consecutive series of 24 male and 36 female MDD patients diagnosed by SCID-DSM IV assessment completed a series of psychometric measures including a Sexual Function Questionnaire-Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) which asked about change in sexual interest and function as well as quality of life of life enjoyment using QLESQ-SF. Results: Over 33.33% of men and 42% of women reported decreased sexual interest. Reduced levels of arousal were more common in both men and women (8-22%) than ejaculatory or orgasm difficulties (11-16%). In women, SDs were more than males. Quality of life was more impaired in sample with SDs than those without dysfunction showing significant impact of SD on quality of life. Limitation and Conclusion: Although limited by a relatively small sample of drug-free patients with MDD, and by the absence of a non-depressed comparison sample, these results emphasize the importance of factors beyond specific drug effects in the assessment of SD in drug naive-depressed patients

Acidic pH induced STM1485 gene is essential for intracellular replication of Salmonella

During the course of infection, Salmonella has to face several potentially lethal environmental conditions, one such being acidic pH. The ability to sense and respond to the acidic pH is crucial for the survival and replication of Salmonella. The physiological role of one gene (STM1485) involved in this response, which is upregulated inside the host cells (by 90- to 113-fold) is functionally characterized in Salmonella pathogenesis. In vitro, the DSTM1485 neither exhibited any growth defect at pH 4.5 nor any difference in the acid tolerance response. The DSTM1485 was compromised in its capacity to proliferate inside the host cells and complementation with STM1485 gene restored its virulence. We further demonstrate that the surface translocation of Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (SPI-2) encoded translocon proteins, SseB and SseD were reduced in the DSTM1485. The increase in co-localization of this mutant with lysosomes was also observed. In addition, the DSTM1485 displayed significantly reduced competitive indices (CI) in spleen, liver and mesenteric lymph nodes in murine typhoid model when infected by intra-gastric route. Based on these results, we conclude that the acidic pH induced STM1485 gene is essential for intracellular replication of Salmonella

Harmony ideology revisited: spatial geographies of hegemony and disputing strategies amongst the Santal

In her book Harmony ideology Laura Nader demonstrates that dispute resolution practices within minority ethnically distinct communities may serve not only a quasi-legal, but also a political, hegemonic, function. National governance structures and relations between the state and non-state entities provide a critical context for understanding dispute resolution practices within such communities. This paper examines how the historical legal and social ‘othering’ of a tribal minority, the Santal, in India and Bangladesh has created two opposing counter-hegemonic strategies, manifest in the people’s dispute resolution practices. The paper begins by exploring the historical backdrop of the Santal’s exclusion and subordination in the two countries. The paper then examines disputing strategies to assess how dispute processes act as a mirror reflecting back this exclusion, reforming the nuances of separation as a symbol of defiance. My fieldwork data shows that strategies of disputing are closely linked with the spatial proximity of and perceived locality of oppression. Inward looking strategies that promote harmony and re-enforce minority hegemonies act as strategies of resistance where an oppressor takes the form of a distant and untouchable state or power elite. But where the politics of struggle is local and immediate disputing turns outward and confrontation replaces harmony as a counter-hegemonic strategy