Ultra-short of pico and femtosecond soliton laser pulse using microring resonator for cancer cells treatment

A system of microring resonators (MRRs) incorporating with an add/drop filter system is presented in which ultra-short single and multi temporal and spatial optical soliton pulses can be simulated and used to thermalbased killing of abnormal cells, tumor and cancer, applicable in nanomedical treatments. This proposed system uses chaotic signals generated by a bright soliton pulse within a nonlinear MRRs system. Interaction between gold nanoparticles and ultra-short femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses holds great interest in laser nanomedicine. By using the appropriate soliton input power and MRRs parameters, required spatial and temporal signals are generated spreading over the spectrum. Results obtained show that smallest single temporal and spatial soliton pulse with FWHM = 712 fs and FWHM = 17.5 pm could be generated respectively. The add/drop filter system is used to generate high capacity ultra-short soliton pulses in the range of nanometer/second and picometer/second

Half-panda ring resonator used to generate 100 MHZ repetition rate femtosecond soliton

Interferometric measurement techniques have been employed in research and industry for investigations into propagation behavior aspects of the optical solitons within semiconductor lasers. The half-PANDA ring resonator system introduced in this paper consists of an add/drop multiplex connected to a microring resonator on the right side, where the output powers can be controlled by specific parameters. The collision of dark and bright solitons occurs inside the system in which femtosecond (fs) optical solitons with 100 MHz repetition rate form the through and drop port outputs of the system. A trapping force is produced via the add port signals that constitute the input powers; thus the femtosecond optical soliton are generated and controlled within the half-PANDA ring resonator. The results of the soliton signals are obtained based on the iterative method technique in which a number of experimental and practical parameters are employed. These circumstances allow for manipulation of the trapping bandwidth by means of system parameter alterations. The input powers of the dark and bright solitons are 5.12 mW and 4 mW respectively. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the through and drop port output signals are 35 and 76 femtoseconds respectively correspond to 0.76 and 1.56 terahertz (THz) in frequency domain, where the repetition rate of the solitons is 100 MHz

Modification of classical electron transport due to collisions between electrons and fast ions

A Fokker-Planck model for the interaction of fast ions with the thermal electrons in a quasi-neutral plasma is developed. When the fast ion population has a net flux (i.e. the distribution of the fast ions is anisotropic in velocity space) the electron distribution function is significantly perturbed from Maxwellian by collisions with the fast ions, even if the fast ion density is orders of magnitude smaller than the electron density. The Fokker-Planck model is used to derive classical electron transport equations (a generalized Ohm's law and a heat flow equation) that include the effects of the electron-fast ion collisions. It is found that these collisions result in a current term in the transport equations which can be significant even when total current is zero. The new transport equations are analyzed in the context of a number of scenarios including $\alpha$ particle heating in ICF and MIF plasmas and ion beam heating of dense plasmas

Analysis Of Students\u27 Understanding In Using Formal And Informal Expression

Language is not only a tool of communication, furthermore language is an identity which describes the user of the language. Geoffrey Leech assumes that people must use certain expression depend on the situation. Therefore, the current research aims to analyze students’ understanding in using formal and informal expression. By conducting qualitative research then the researcher found that students’ difficulties in understanding formal and informal expressions is that students are accustomed in using phrases in informal form which made them tricky to recognize whether an expression is formal or informal. He also found that majority students thought that formal expressions were harder rather than informal expression to be learnt. Those difficulties were influenced by students’ basic skill of grammar, pronunciation and English vocabulary mastery

Interleukin 6, interleukin 1&#946, estradiol and testosterone concentrations in serum and follicular fluid of females with stimulated and non-stimulated ovaries

The ovarian physiology is regulated by some complex factors such as hormones and growth factors. The hormones and growth factors are synthesized by follicular and ovarian cells during follicular maturation stage and cytokines are synthesized by the immune system. Interaction between immune and endocrine systems modulates ovarian function through the secretion of regulatory soluble factors, especially cytokines. There is a close contact between corona-cumulus-oocyte complex with follicular fluid which affects the quality and degree of oocyte maturation. The objectives of this study were to determine the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β, estradiol and testosterone concentration in serum and follicular fluid of women with stimulated and non-stimulated ovaries. A total of 41 women, 27 in stimulated and 14 non-stimulated cycles, undergoing intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment were included in this study. Follicular fluid and serum samples from all cases were collected at the time of oocyte retrieval and concentration of testosterone, estradiol, interleukin 6 and interleukin 1β were measured. The results show that serum concentration of testosterone was significantly higher in non stimulated cases. Also, the serum and follicular fluid concentrations of interleukin 6 and interleukin 1β in stimulated cases were significantly higher than non stimulated group. There was an important negative correlation between the level of testosterone in patient's serum and IL-6 and IL-1β levels of follicular fluid. In conclusion, according to these results, it seems that the levels of testosterone and IL-6 and IL-1β in patient's serum and follicular fluid are a good factor for prediction of maturity of oocytes.Key words: Oocyte maturation, follicular fluid, interleukin 6, interleukin 1β, testosterone, estradiol

Performance of Joint XR and Best Effort eMBB Traffic in 5G-Advanced Networks

In this paper, we address the joint performance of eXtended reality (XR) and best effort enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) traffic for a 5G-Advanced system. Although XR users require stringent throughput and latency performance, operators do not lose significant additional network capacity when adding XR users to an eMBB dominated network. For instance, adding an XR service at 45 Mbps with 10 ms packet delay budget, yields close to a 45 Mbps drop in eMBB capacity. In an XR only network layer, we show how the capacity in number of supported XR users depends significantly on the rate but also the latency budget. We show also how the XR service capacity is significantly reduced in the mixed service setting as the system goes into full load and other-cell interference becomes significant. The presented results can be used by cellular service providers to assess their networks performance of XR traffic based on their current eMBB performance, or as input to dimensioning to be able to serve certain XR traffic loads

An integrated microring circuit design for optoelectronic transformer applications

The on-chip scale circuit of the optoelectronic transformer is designed and manipulated using the microring resonator system. By using the monochromatic input light source, the electro-optic signals can be generated and functioned as the step up and down conversion by mean of the on-chip optoelectronic transformer. The step up and down of the electro-optic related power conversions can be obtained via the input and drop port connections. The results obtained have shown that the flexible up and down electro-optic conversion ratios of 1: 5 and 10:1 for the step up and down conversions, respectively. The uses light source wavelength source was centered at 800 nm, where the conversion stability of 1600 fs is noted. The linearity trend of the conversion stability is confirmed

Effect of fertilizer in controlling weeds under intercropping of pearl millet and red bean in Sistan region, Iran

This experiment was conducted at the Agriculture Research Center of Zabol University during 2007 cropping season. The experimental design was split plot, using randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors included were, main factors: unfertilized (F1), 100% fertilizer (F2), 100% manure (F3), 50% fertilizer + 50% manure (F4) and five sub factors: sole crop of millet (I1), 75% millet + 25% bean (I2), 50% millet + 50% bean (I3), 25% millet + 75% bean (I4) and sole crop of bean (I5). The plants were planted as replacement method. The results showed that the lowest dry matter for crops and total dry matter of weeds was achieved from 50% fertilizer + 50% manure treatment. Also, the highest total dry matter of millet and bean was obtained from this treatment. The highest dry matter of millet and bean was obtained from the sole crop of millet and bean. Further, the highest total dry matter of millet and bean was achieved from the intercropping treatments. The land equivalent ratio (LER) for most of the intercropping treatments was greater than one which indicated that intercropping had advantage over sole crop. Comparing the performance of sole crop and intercrop treatments, the results indicated that intercropping combinations were more advantageous in terms of weed control.Key words: Intercropping, pearl millet, red bean, weeds, land equivalent ratio, yield