Transferência de tecnologia e meio ambiente

Em qualquer cultura há que se identificar, concomitantemente com a tecnologia, um conjunto de idéias e conhecimentos essencialmente explicativos e que incluem a religião, as superstições, a filosofia e a ciência. O conhecimento científico sempre existiu, ainda que em forma rudimentar, mesmo nas primeiras etapas da civilização.Revista do Serviço Público, ano 40 v.111, n. 4, p. 93-98Número padronizado: v. 40, n. 4 (1983)Desenvolvimento SustentávelISSN eletrônico: 2357-8017ISSN impresso: 0034-924

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

América Latina y la nueva onda de innovaciones

Acogiéndose a la teoría de los ciclos largos desarrollada por Kondratiev, el autor asimila la actual recesión de la economía mundial a la fase descendente de un ciclo largo, fase asociada al surgimiento de una onda de innovaciones tecnológicas que está afectando profundamente la estructura de todo el sistema económico. Para el efecto, integra en la teoría las conocidas contribuciones de Carlota Pérez. Los países no industrializados viven una situación ambivalente que las hace parcialmente partícipes de la nueva onda de innovaciones sin haber asimilado aún los efectos de la anterior. La rápida aceleración del progreso técnico se traduce en una mayor prosperidad para el capitalismo en los países centrales no acompañada de igual suerte en la periferia. Al paso que los países industrializados empiezan a vivir la era post-industrial, los países pobres no perciben aún el beneficio generalizado de una revolución industrial. Teniendo como trasfondo esta posición teórica, el ensayo sugiere pautas para una adecuada selección de prioridades tecnológicas en los países latinoamericanos y señala alternativas para adecuar los sistemas vigentes de Investigación y Desarrollo a la demanda social de Ciencia y Tecnología en una perspectiva histórica real. El texto fue presentado en la Fundación Bariloche durante la Reunión Regional del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, celebrada en octubre de 1985

La ciencia en el desarrollo de América Latina

The relative backwardness of Latin America with respect to developed countries is known in everything that refers to scientific and technological research. Most of the scientific research being done bears little relation to the most pressing needs of the region. Basic research carried out in the region takes place mainly at universities or institutes related to them or with state agencies. With rare exceptions, this research plans bear no relation to the needs of the industry or to the general problems of economic development in the region. What are the causes of scientific and technological backwardness in Latin America? It is obvious that the correct answer to this question is of fundamental importance, since it is the indispensable prerequisite for the planning of any policy that tends to overcome this delay.Es conocido el atraso relativo de América latina respecto de los países desarrollados en todo lo que se refiere a investigación científica y tecnológica. La mayor parte de la investigación científica que se efectúa guarda muy poca relación con las necesidades más apremiantes de la región. La investigación básica que se realiza en la región tiene lugar principalmente en las universidades o en institutos relacionados con ellas o con organismos estatales. Salvo raras excepciones, sus planes de investigación no guardan ninguna relación con las necesidades de la industria, o con los problemas generales del desarrollo económico de la región. ¿Cuáles son las causas del retraso científico y tecnológico de América latina? Es obvio que la respuesta correcta a esta pregunta es de importancia fundamental, ya que es el prerrequisito indispensable para el planeamiento de cualquier política que tienda a superar ese retraso

Research and development systems in rural settings: background of the project

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