Osteopromotion of mandibular distraction osteogenesis using stem cells from human deciduous teeth and in biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold in rabbit model

Osteogenesis Regangan (OR) yang digambarkan sebagai kejuruteraan tisu tulang dalaman telah menjadi semakin popular di tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini dan teknik penggunaan telah mengalih perhatian kepada rangka kraniofasial yang telah mengembangkan bilangan rawatan alternatif untuk pesakit yang tidak normal dan kekurangan maksilofasial. Ia telah digunakan pertama kali dalam pembedahan ortopedik untuk pembetulan kerencatan pertumbuhan anggota badan, dan seterusnya telah digunakan dalam rawatan microsomia kraniosfasial dan kecacatan tulang. Dalam OR, pembentukan tulang yang baru adalah didorong oleh pemisahan secara beransur-ansur segmen bertulang selepas osteotomi atau kortikotomi semasa proses biasa penyembuhan patah yang diganggu oleh penggunaan daya tarikan secara beransur-ansur terhadap kalus lembut

EFFECT OF COMPOST, SALICYLIC AND ASCORBIC ACIDS TREATMENTS ON CORM PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF GLADIOLUS GRANDIFLORUS CV. WHITE PROSPERITY

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of plant compost (0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 ton/fed) and salicylic and/or ascorbic acids (each at 0, 100 or 200 ppm) on corm production and chemical constituents of Gladiolus grandiflorus cv. White Prosperity. The obtained results indicated that corm diameter, number of cormels/plant, dry weight of corm and cormels, as well as, chemical constituents including chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids and percentages of N, P and K in the corms were gradually increased by increasing the level of compost. Significant differences were detected among four usedtreatments. So, the high level of compost resulted the highest values. All six treatments of salicylic acid and/or ascorbic acid significantly increased corm and cormels production and their content of chemical constituents in comparison of the control plants. The treatments of salicylic acid (100 ppm) plus ascorbic acid (100 ppm) followed by ascorbic acid (200 ppm), then salicylic acid (200 ppm) were more effective than other treatments for corm and cormels production, as wellas, the percentage of nitrogen and potassium without significant differences were detected between the first and second treatments in most cases. While the treatments of salicylic plus ascorbic acids, each at 100 ppm followed by salicylic acid at 200 ppm were more effective for the pigments content (mg/g f.w.) and phosphorus percentage without significant differences between them. The interaction between compost, salicylic acid and/or ascorbic acid was significant for all previous characters, except K %. The highest values of corm and cormels production were achieved by 12.5 ton/fedcompost treatment in combination with salicylic acid (100 ppm) + ascorbic acid (100 ppm) or ascorbic acid (200 ppm), while the interaction treatments of compost (12.5 ton/fed) × salicylic plus ascorbic acids, each at 100 ppm or compost (12.5 ton/fed) × salicylic acid at 200 ppm recorded the highest contents of pigments and elements of N and P

EFFECT OF COMPOST, SALICYLIC AND ASCORBIC ACIDS TREATMENTS ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF GLADIOLUS GRANDIFLORUS CV. WHITE PROSPERITY

A field experiment was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of compost at four levels (0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 ton/fed) in combination with salicylic and/or ascorbic acids, each at 100 and 200 ppm, in addition to the control on growth and flowering of Gladiolus grandiflorus cv. White Prosperity. Results showed that leaf length, leaf area, number of leaves/plant, leaves dry weight/plant, length of spike, rachis length, spike diameter, number of florets/spike, lower floret diameter and single floret fresh weight were gradually increased by increasing the levels of compost with significant differences were detected between successive treatments. Also, all salicylic and/or ascorbic acid treatments significantly increased all vegetative growth and flowering parameters in comparison with the control. Salicylic plus ascorbic one at 100 ppm  for each, followed by ascorbic acid alone at 200 ppm were more effective in this concern. It was found also that the use of compost (12.5 ton/fed) in combination with salicylic acid + ascorbic acid, each at 100 ppm or with ascorbic acid at 200 ppm noticeably improved the different vegetative growth characters and flowering parameters of gladiolus plants

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Pancreatic surgery outcomes: multicentre prospective snapshot study in 67 countries

Background: Pancreatic surgery remains associated with high morbidity rates. Although postoperative mortality appears to have improved with specialization, the outcomes reported in the literature reflect the activity of highly specialized centres. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes following pancreatic surgery worldwide.Methods: This was an international, prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional snapshot study of consecutive patients undergoing pancreatic operations worldwide in a 3-month interval in 2021. The primary outcome was postoperative mortality within 90 days of surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore relationships with Human Development Index (HDI) and other parameters.Results: A total of 4223 patients from 67 countries were analysed. A complication of any severity was detected in 68.7 percent of patients (2901 of 4223). Major complication rates (Clavien-Dindo grade at least IIIa) were 24, 18, and 27 percent, and mortality rates were 10, 5, and 5 per cent in low-to-middle-, high-, and very high-HDI countries respectively. The 90-day postoperative mortality rate was 5.4 per cent (229 of 4223) overall, but was significantly higher in the low-to-middle-HDI group (adjusted OR 2.88, 95 per cent c.i. 1.80 to 4.48). The overall failure-to-rescue rate was 21 percent; however, it was 41 per cent in low-to-middle-compared with 19 per cent in very high-HDI countries.Conclusion: Excess mortality in low-to-middle-HDI countries could be attributable to failure to rescue of patients from severe complications. The authors call for a collaborative response from international and regional associations of pancreatic surgeons to address management related to death from postoperative complications to tackle the global disparities in the outcomes of pancreatic surgery (NCT04652271; ISRCTN95140761)

Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background Up-to-date estimates of stroke burden and attributable risks and their trends at global, regional, and national levels are essential for evidence-based health care, prevention, and resource allocation planning. We aimed to provide such estimates for the period 1990–2021. Methods We estimated incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 people per year for overall stroke, ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, and subarachnoid haemorrhage, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We also calculated burden of stroke attributable to 23 risk factors and six risk clusters (air pollution, tobacco smoking, behavioural, dietary, environmental, and metabolic risks) at the global and regional levels (21 GBD regions and Socio-demographic Index [SDI] quintiles), using the standard GBD methodology. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each individual future estimate were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of distributions generated from propagating 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline. Findings In 2021, stroke was the third most common GBD level 3 cause of death (7·3 million [95% UI 6·6–7·8] deaths; 10·7% [9·8–11·3] of all deaths) after ischaemic heart disease and COVID-19, and the fourth most common cause of DALYs (160·5 million [147·8–171·6] DALYs; 5·6% [5·0–6·1] of all DALYs). In 2021, there were 93·8 million (89·0–99·3) prevalent and 11·9 million (10·7–13·2) incident strokes. We found disparities in stroke burden and risk factors by GBD region, country or territory, and SDI, as well as a stagnation in the reduction of incidence from 2015 onwards, and even some increases in the stroke incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY rates in southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania, countries with lower SDI, and people younger than 70 years. Globally, ischaemic stroke constituted 65·3% (62·4–67·7), intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 28·8% (28·3–28·8), and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 5·8% (5·7–6·0) of incident strokes. There were substantial increases in DALYs attributable to high BMI (88·2% [53·4–117·7]), high ambient temperature (72·4% [51·1 to 179·5]), high fasting plasma glucose (32·1% [26·7–38·1]), diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages (23·4% [12·7–35·7]), low physical activity (11·3% [1·8–34·9]), high systolic blood pressure (6·7% [2·5–11·6]), lead exposure (6·5% [4·5–11·2]), and diet low in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (5·3% [0·5–10·5]). Interpretation Stroke burden has increased from 1990 to 2021, and the contribution of several risk factors has also increased. Effective, accessible, and affordable measures to improve stroke surveillance, prevention (with the emphasis on blood pressure, lifestyle, and environmental factors), acute care, and rehabilitation need to be urgently implemented across all countries to reduce stroke burden. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation