Case Presentation: Regression of Kaposi’s Sarcoma in a Sudanese kidney Transplant Recipient after Conversion to Sirolimus: a Focus on a Common Clinical Problem

Introduction: Post-transplant malignancy is an increasing problem among patients receiving solid organ transplant worldwide. It has been related to recipient morbidity and mortality. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a relatively common malignancy after kidney and solid organ transplantation, accounting for the majority of malignancies among those patients in developing countries. Case report: We report a 56-year-old male who underwent pre-emptive kidney transplantation on July 2010 from a live related donor (LRD), his son, with an HLA mismatch of three antigens. Induction with Basiliximab (Simulect) was given at the time of transplantation and the patient was then maintained on prednisolone, cyclosporine and azathioprine. He had an episode of acute rejection treated with pulses of methyl prednisolone. Three months after transplantation he presented with Kaposi’s sarcoma of the skin, the diagnosis of which was confirmed by histological examination. Immunosuppressant medication was switched to sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. He showed good response within two months of treatment with regression of the skin lesions and improvement of his renal function. Conclusion: Kaposi sarcoma can occur shortly after transplantation in men of African descent. This report confirms earlier reports about the beneficial effect of sirolimus in regression of KS lesions. Keywords: Kaposi’s sarcoma; Kidney Transplantation; Sirolimus; Suda

Measuring the minimum biofilm eradication concentration for bacterial isolates from diabetic foot infections

Background: Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is considered the most common cause of diabetes-related hospitalization. Diabetic foot ulcers are subjected to bacterial colonization with biofilm forming organisms which are difficult to eradicate. The aim of this study was to identify the spectrum of bacteria associated with DFI and their ability to form biofilm, to evaluate differences in antibiotic susceptibility pattern between planktonic and biofilm phases, and to determine the antibiotics which are active on the organism in the biofilm phase. Methods: The study comprised 50 patients with DFI. A deep swab was collected from each patient and cultured. All isolates were identified and screened for biofilm formation. Biofilm forming isolates were further subjected to minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assays to determine resistance to different antimicrobials while in the biofilm phase. Results: Seventy-one isolates were identified, (14.1%) were Gram positive cocci, (83.1%) were Gram negative bacilli, and (2.8%) were Candida species. The most frequently isolated organism was Klebsiella spp. (18/71, 25.4%), followed by Proteus spp. (14/71, 19.7%). The prevalence of biofilm forming isolates was 38%. All the studied isolates showed MBEC higher than the MIC for all tested antimicrobials. Conclusions: The substantial discrepancy between MIC and MBEC results observed in this study emphasizes the lack of reliability of the routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing in case of biofilm formation. Among all tested antimicrobials; cefoperazone/sulbactam, gentamicin, and vancomycin demonstrated activity against bacteria in the biofilm phase

Surface Modification and Dyeing of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibers by Plasma Discharge Mode

       In this study Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers were subjected to oxygen/argon plasma treatment in order to improve the wettability without changing bulk properties. The results showed that surface roughnesshave been modified by plasma treatment, indicating that the plasma treatment favored the interaction with dyeing UHMWPE fibers. After the treatment the treated fibers were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM),Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy analysis (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM). Dyeability of the modified fibers were investigated by dyeing using disperse blue dye and also fibers were printed with pigment red colour.The obtained results were compared with the dyeability of the untreated fiber. The result showed that a significant increase of K/S value after dyeingandafter printing at dyeing temperature of 100 ° C. Thus, the oxygen/argon plasma treatment of UHMWPE fiber can obtain good dyeing properties overall, plasma treatment has a great improvementof theroughnesssurface and dyeing property of UHMWPE fiber.        تعرضت ألياف البولي إيثيلين عالية الوزن الجزيئي  للعلاج بتحفيز البلازما باستخدام خليط من الارجون والاكسجين من أجل تحسين قابلية الامتصاص دون تغيير خصائص الالياف. أظهرت النتائج أن خشونة السطح قد تم تحسينها عن طريق معالجة البلازما، مما يشير إلى أن معالجة البلازما تحسن التفاعل مع صباغة ألياف البولي إيثيلين عالية الوزن الجزيئي. اختبرت الألياف المعالجة عن طريق جهاز مجهر المسح الإلكتروني (SEM)، حيث يقوم فوراً بالتحليل الطيفي بالأشعة تحت الحمراء (FTIR)، انحراف الأشعة السينية (XRD)، الفحص بمجهر القوى الذرى (AFM). تم فحص صباغة الألياف المعدلة عن طريق الصباغة باستخدام الصبغة الناشرة الزرقاء وطباعة الياف أخرى بالوان البجمنت الحمراء. تمت مقارنة النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها بعد الصباغة مع الألياف غير المعالجة. أظهرت النتيجة ان هنالك زيادة كبيرة في قيمة K / S بعد الصباغة والطباعة عند الصباغة في درجة حرارة 100 درجة مئوية. وبالتالي، فإن معالجة ألياف البولي إيثيلين عالية الوزن الجزيئي  بتحفيز البلازما باستخدام خليط من الارجون والاكسجين يمكن أن تحصل على خصائص صباغة جيدة بشكل عام، والمعالجة بتحفيز البلازما يعمل على تحسن كبير في خشونة السطح وخاصية الصباغة لالياف البولي إيثيلين عالية الوزن الجزيئي. &nbsp

The versatility of the transumbilical approach for laparotomy in infants

Background/purpose Although the transumbilical approach became very popular for pyloromyotomy, it has not been widely used in other procedures in children. The aim of this work was to evaluate the safety and the versatility of this approach for laparotomy in infants.Patients and methods All hemodynamically stable neonates and infants with gastrointestinal surgical problems or pelvic or abdominal cystic masses were considered candidates for this approach. The umbilicus was incised nearly circumferentially, and the peritoneum was entered in the midline in a cephalic or caudal direction depending on the site of the lesion. The bowel or the mass was delivered outside the peritoneal cavity, and the procedure was completed in the standard open manner. Patients were evaluated with regard to the feasibility of the surgery and or any difficulty to complete the surgery, any complications related to the approach, and the cosmetic outcome.Results A total of 141 infants underwent transumbilicallaparotomy during the period from June 2008 to December  2013. The  primary pathology was hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (n= 65), duodenal, small-intestinal atresia/stricture (n =22), colonic atresia (n= 2), malrotation with/without volvulus (n= 10), ovarian cysts (n= 12), intussusception (n= 9), spontaneous intestinal   perforation (n =7), remnants of vitellointestinal duct (n =4), mesenteric cysts (n= 3), patent urachus (n= 3), postoperative  complications of strangulated inguinal hernia (n= 3), and complications in ventriculoperitoneal shunts (n= 1). Their age ranged  from 1 day to 22 months. The operating time ranged from 30 to 120 min. Three patients required transverse extension of the  wound. Two (1.4%) patients developed dehiscence of the wound that required wound closure. Five (3.5%) patients had superficial periumbilical cellulitis and wound infections, and one patient had suture reaction treated conservatively. Late complications  (adhesive intestinal obstruction) occurred in three (2%) patients. Parents were very satisfied with the final cosmetic outcome.Conclusion The transumbilical approach is both afeasible and a safe approach for a broad spectrum of  surgical procedures in neonates and infants. The cosmetic results are excellent.Keywords: abdominal masses, infants, laparotomy, transumbilical approac

Modulating Heat Shock Proteins 70 and 90 Expression by Low Power Laser Irradiation (635nm and 780nm) in Jurkat E6.1 T-lymphocyte Leukemia Cell Line

Introduction: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones involved in protein folding, stability and turnover, and due to their role in cancer progression, the effect of low power laser irradiation (LPLI) on the expression of HSP70 and HSP90 in Jurkat E6.1 T-lymphocyte leukemia (JELT) cell line was investigated in vitro.Methods: JETL cells were irradiated with LPLI at 635nm and 780m wavelengths (energy density 9.174 J/cm2), and assessed for the expression of HSP70 and HSP90 by flow cytometry after 24, 48 and 72 incubation time periods (ITPs).Results: At 24 hours ITP post-irradiation, control cultures showed that 10.7% of cells expressed HSP70, while LPLI cultures at 635nm and 780nm manifested a higher expression (32.1and 21.3%, respectively), and the difference was significant (P ≤ 0.05). However, at 48 hours ITP, the three means were decreased but approximated (5.6, 4.9 and 6.2%, respectively), while at 72 hours ITP, they were markedly increased (45.2, 76.5 and 66.7%, respectively). In contrast, HSP90 responded differently to LPLI. At 24 hours ITP, control cultures and 780nm cultures showed a similar expression (55.9 and 55.9%, respectively), but both means were significantly higher than that of 635nm cultures (24.0%). No such difference was observed at 48 hours ITP, and at 72 hours ITP, control cultures and 635nm cultures shared approximated means (31.7 and 35.6%, respectively); but both means were significantly higher than the observed mean in 780nm cultures (15.2%).Conclusion: The results highlighted that HSP70 and HSP90 expression responded differently to LPLI in JETL cells; an observation that may pave the way for further investigations in malignant cells

DETECTION OF WATER-BORNE PARASITES IN DRINKING WATER OF BAGHDAD, IRAQ

Background: Within the past few decades, there has been an increase in the number of water-borne disease outbreaks and emergence of newly recognized waterborne parasites. Several factors which contribute to the spread of these diseases include: water, heavy rains and agricultural residues which transfer the parasites to water surface from the soil. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of parasites in the river and drinking water of Al-Wahdaa and Al- Rasheed Drinking Project and household water tanks from some regions of Baghdad. Method: Forty samples were collected from river and drinking water of Drinking Project. Fifty four samples of household water tanks were collected from some regions of Baghdad. Results: Cryptosporidium oocyst, which was founded in river water samples are more than those in drinking water. Furthermore, it was existed in Diyala Bridge &Taha Mosque from April – August and oocyst was diagnosed by using of Zheil-Neelson. Wet mount slide method was applied to detect cysts of free-living amoeba Acanthomoeba, Naegleria. The number of cysts in July and August were higher than other months for Drinking Project and the water tanks for all regions. Conclusion: These results emphasize the importance screening of the water to prevent possible of the spread of parasitic protozoan and that the cracks occurrence in drinking water pipes between the stations and houses led to contamination of water with the infective stage of parasites , especially in the areas that are near agricultural fields which polluted with the cows' waste

The influence of different joining processes on mechanical performance of carbon fiber/polyamide (CF/PA6) composites

تستخدم المواد المركبة المصنوعة من مادة البولي أميد (PA6) المقوى بألياف الكربون (CF) على نطاق واسع كمواد هيكلية في صناعات السيارات والفضاء نظرًا لخصائصها المتميزة. ومع ذلك ، نظرًا لمتطلبات السلامة الهيكلية للمواد المركبة ، لا تزال هناك محدودية فيما يتعلق بالإنتاج الفعلي للمواد المركبة المكونة من (CF/ PA6). الروابط القوية لصفائح CF/PA6 مطلوبة بشدة  لعمل تصميم خفيف الوزن يستخدم في العديد من المجالات. بهدف إجراء مقارنات ، تم تدراسة مختلف طرق المعالجة مثل الربط بمواد لاصقة والربط الحراري لتشكيل روابط اللإلفة بين صفحتين مركبتين من (CF/PA6). كما تم دراسة تأثير الطرق المختلفة ومتغيرات المعالجة  المختلفة على مقاومة القص للروابط. أظهرت النتائج أنه من السهل جدًا التعامل مع الروابط اللاصقة التقليدية وقد تتشكل روابط  أقوى إلى حد ما. يمكن استخدام الروابط الحرارية القائمة على التوصيل الكهربائي عن طريق CF لتشكيل توصيلات متلدنة بالحرارة مع المرونة في التصميم. يمكن أن تزيد الروابط الحرارية عن طريق الضغط الساخن من قوة الاتصال؛ عندما تتشكل بالضغط الساخن في ظروف مثالية في درحة حرارة تبلغ 250 درجة مئوية وضغط 2.5 ميجا باسكال ، فإن قوة القص للمفصل 138.85 ميجا باسكال. وبالتالي تم التأكيد على أنه يمكن الحصول على روابط قوية لأجزاء الصفائح للمادة المركبة CF/PA6  عن طريق الالتصاق الحراري عبرعملية الضغط  الساخن.Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyamide (PA6) composite materials are broadly used as structural materials in the automotive and aerospace industries due to their distinguished properties. However, due to requirements for the structural integrity of composite materials, there are still limitations in connection of the actual production of CF/PA6 composite. Strong joints of CF/PA6 laminates are highly required for the lightweight design in many fields. Aiming at making comparisons, different processing methods such as adhesive bonding and thermal jointing to form single lap joints between the two CF/PA6 composite laminates are studied. The influences of different processing methods and parameters on the shear strength of joints were also studied. Results showed that conventional adhesive bonding is quite easy to handle and may form rather stronger connections. Thermal joining based on electrical conductors of CF can be used to form a thermoplastic flexible joint design. Thermal joints by hot pressing can further increase the connection strength; when formed by hot pressing under optimum conditions of 250 °C and 2.5MPa, the joint has a shearing strength of 138.85 MPa. It is consequently confirmed that a strong joint of CF/PA6 composite parts could be obtained by thermal joints via the hot pressing process

Synthesis and Biological Activity of Three Novel Azo Dyes

The azo dyes that named, (E)-4-((2-nitrophenyl) diazenyl) benzene-1,3-diol (1), (E)-4- ((3-nitrophenyl) diazenyl) benzene-1,3-diol (2) and (E)-4-((4-nitrophenyl) diazenyl) benzene-1,3-diol (3) were synthesized and then characterized using IR, UV-visible spectrum. These results were compared with that obtained by ChemBio 3D Ultra - [Chem3D XML] Gaussian Interface and were seems to be identical. Then, the antimicrobial activity of each azo dye was carried out against two bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and fungal strains of Candida albicans using Agar-well diffusion method. The results were showed that the three azo dyes were biologically active and the best reactivity was observed in (2). Though, the biological activity of (1) with NO2 group in ortho- position remained reasonable against Candida albicans. But, the effect of (1) was resisted by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. However, the (2) and (3) with substituted NO2 group in meta- and para- positions respectively were showed better reactivity’s than (1) towered Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Further, the Gaussian interface properties and the conformational analysis of (1), (2) and (3) were intended. The results were indicated that the variations in the properties of each azo dye and their conformational energies of generated conformers can affect their biological activity afterward. Keywords: key words, Azo dyes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Agar-well diffusion method, Antimicrobial activit

Repetition of For the Poets of Contury of Hegira Calendesound (Stylistics Study)

     يتعلق التكرار عند شعراء الغدير في القرن الثاني عشر الهجري،ببيعة الغديرِ وما تحملُ هذه الحادثة من الوقع في النفس نجد لها من مؤيدِ لها أو معارض، ولهذا نجد الشعراء المؤيدين في هذا العصر قد وصفوا هذا اليوم بأجمل العبارات التي تنم عن انتمائهم للولاية أمير المؤمنين علي بن أبي طالب (عليه السلام), فقد وردت بعض كِتاباتهم مشتملة    للأسلوب التكرار الذي يعبر عن أهميته تلك البيعة, إذ تعد هذه البيعة من أهم القضايا التي شهدها تاريخ المسلمين.   This speech presents a research  about  sound  repetition of AL-Ghadeer poets in twelfth century of hegira calender. This research deals with  AL- Ghadeer pledge of allegiance(Bayat AL- Ghadeer)with all its effects and impressions in spirit.This event has support poets in this era put this day in the most beautiful phrases and expressions، The work and poetry expresses their adherence of AL- welaya thait  Allah has granted to the commander of faithful AL- Emam Ali (peace be upon him). Their choice of sound repition style which expresses the importance and specialization. That AL-welaya cant  be undertaken by anyone except. AL-Eman Ali (peace be upon him). AL- Ghadeer pledge of Allegiance considers the most important issues in Islamic history