PARAMETERS EFFECTS ON CONDUCTION-CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER IN RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURE SANDWICHED BY FINITE THICKNESS WALLS

The effect of wall heat conduction on natural convection heat transfer in cavities has gained attention of many researchers in recent years due to its wide application areas in engineering such that building heating and cooling and thick enclosures , etc . In this work , we consider a two-dimensional numerical study of a rectangle cavity filled with an air with two vertical conductive walls of finite thickness . The enclosure is subjected to horizontal temperature gradient , the vertical boundaries are isothermal at different temperatures whereas the remaining walls are adiabatic .The theoretical study involved the numerical solution of the Navier-stokes and energy equations by using finite difference method . The stream-vorticity formulation was used in the mathematical model . The physical problem depends on five parameters : Rayleigh number (1000<Ra<1000000) , the Prandtl number (Pr=0.7) , the wall to fluid thermal conductivity ratio (0.1<=Kr<=10) , solid to fluid thickness ratio (0.5<=L1/L2<=1.5) , the ratio of (left or right) solid thickness to the height )(D=L1/H=0.5,0.6667,0.75) and the aspect ratio (H/L= 0.5,1,1.5) . The main focus of the study is on examining the effect of conduction in the wall on the natural convection flow .The results are presented to show the effect of these parameters on the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics

Frequency of mixed plasmodium infections of malaria reported at PMCH Nawabshah a tertiary care hospital

Objective: To find out the frequency of Mixed Plasmodium Infections of Malaria at tertiary care Hospital. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted on indoor and outdoor patients of medical department of Peoples Medical University Hospital Nawabshah, during January 2017 to December 2017. Complete medical history and clinical examination were done.  Blood sample of each patient for malaria parasite and plasmodium type were collected and sent to the Hospital diagnostic laboratory to detect the incidence of mixed malaria infections by using thick and thin Geimsa stains and rapid diagnostic test (ICT). All the data was recorded in the proforma. Frequency and percentage were calculated for categorical variables. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for numerical variables. Stratification with respect to the age and gender was done. Chi-square test was applied and p-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 2260 cases of suspected malaria were recruited, out of them 450 cases were positive for malaria, their mean age was 38.33+13.17years, 53.8% were males and 46.2% were females. Combined malaria infection was observed in 11.78 % of the subjects by malaria ICT antigen test. There was no significant association of mixed plasmodium species according to age and gender; p-values were quite insignificant. Conclusion: Combined malaria infection was observed 11.78% by malaria ICT antigen test. Early diagnosis and management is crucial to save the lives in subjects suffering from mixed malaria infection

Clinical Efficacy and Safety Profile of Prucalopride in Chronic Idiopathic Constipation

Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) can be defined as bowel movements that are difficult to pass, are not occurring frequently, or have incomplete evacuation during defecation. A high-fiber diet and laxatives are the commonly used treatments, but in many cases, they do not produce satisfactory results. The first line of treatment is osmotic laxatives. If there is no improvement, the second line is guanylate cyclase-C (GCC) agonists like linaclotide or prokinetic agents such as prucalopride. On December 14, 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) approved prucalopride for treating chronic idiopathic constipation. Prucalopride is a prokinetic agent which works at the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 (5-HT4) as an agonist with greater receptor selectivity. Patients on prucalopride reported improved symptoms, quality of life and satisfaction. The most frequent adverse events were headaches and problems related to the gastrointestinal tract. Caution should be taken when using prucalopride in patients with impaired liver and renal function. In Canada, prucalopride has been approved for treatment of female patients with chronic idiopathic constipation who have failed therapy with at least two laxatives from different classes over a six-month period.Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Assessment of Human Health Risk of Zinc and Lead by Consuming Food Crops Supplied with Excessive Fertilizers

For the study of heavy metals impact on human beings, areas in Sargodha city that were supplied with various types of fertilizers were chosen. The three industrial areas; (Bhalwal, Sillanwali, and Sahiwal) of this city were explored for research reasons. The researchers wanted to know how much heavy metal was in the soil, food crops, and human. Excess fertilizer use contributes to global pollution. Farmyard manure, urea, and potassium chloride were used on Site 1; urea phosphate, manure, and ammonium sulphate were used on Site 2; and super phosphate, ammonium phosphate, and nitrate phosphate were used on Site 3. Samples of commonly used food crops, their respective soils and blood of residents who ingested the food crops of the studied area were collected. The zinc and lead levels in soil (8.30-16.80 and 1.80-12.71 mg/kg) and food crops (0.26-2.02 and 2.26-4.70 mg/kg) were far lower than WHO permitted limits. Blood mean concentration of both Zn (2.30-4.30 mg/L) and Ni (0.24-0.70 mg/L) were found maximum in residents of Site 3. The values of pollution load index, bioconcentration factor, enrichment factor for both zinc and lead were (0.18-0.37 and0.220-0.948), (0.027-0.138 and 0.316-1.705), (0.020-0.144 and 0.515-2.780), respectively. Daily intake of metal (0.004-0.008 and 0.001-0.002 mg/kg/day) and health risk index (0.0001-0.016 and 0.005-0.115) values were observed to be lower in individuals for Zn and Pb, respectively. In present work values of all pollution indices wereSo, there would be no human health hazard

von Willebrand disease: proposing definitions for future research

Thrombosis and Hemostasi

ASH ISTH NHF WFH 2021 guidelines on the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease

Background: von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder known in humans. Accurate and timely diagnosis presents numerous challenges.Objective: These evidence-based guidelines of the American Society of Hematology (ASH), the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH), the National Hemophilia Foundation (NHF), and the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) are intended to support patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals in their decisions about VWD diagnosis.Methods: ASH, ISTH, NHF, and WFH established a multidisciplinary guideline panel that included 4 patient representatives and was balanced to minimize potential bias from conflicts of interest. The Outcomes and Implementation Research Unit at the University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC) supported the guideline-development process, including performing or updating systematic evidence reviews up to 8 January 2020. The panel prioritized clinical questions and outcomes according to their importance for clinicians and patients. The panel used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, including GRADE Evidence-to-Decision frameworks, to assess evidence and make recommendations, which were subsequently subject to public comment.Results: The panel agreed on 11 recommendations.Conclusions: Key recommendations of these guidelines include the role of bleeding-assessment tools in the assessment of patients suspected of VWD, diagnostic assays and laboratory cutoffs for type 1 and type 2 VWD, how to approach a type 1 VWD patient with normalized levels over time, and the role of genetic testing vs phenotypic assays for types 2B and 2N. Future critical research priorities are also identified.Thrombosis and Hemostasi

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

Near Prime Spectrum

Let  be a commutative ring with identity . It is well known that a topology was defined for  called the Zariski topology (prime spectrum) . In this paper we will generalize this idea for near prime ideal . If  be a commutative near-ring with identity ,  be a near prime ideal of  and define  . Then  can be endowed with a topology similar to the Zariski topology which is called near Zariski topology (near prime spectrum) . we studies and discuss some of properties of such topology

SARS-CoV-2 detection using real-time RT-PCR and the relationship between immunological markers Interleukin -4, Interleukin -6 and SARS-CoV-2 patient groups

Abstract: Coronaviruses (CoVs) refer to one of the RNA virus infections can showed as one of diseases virus effect of humans. They're wrapped infections with massive single-strand positive sense RNA genomes that can infect humans, animals, birds, bats, mice, and a number of other wild creatures' respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and focused sensory systems. Material and Method: viral 90 patients, a nasopharyngeal swab can be focused on a lot. COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 serum patients cytokines were identified by ELISA, while SARS-CoV-2 IL-4and, IL-6 were recognized by chemiluminescence method. Results: S quality is generally present in the early stages of contamination, with only a few extended stretches of contamination, whereas E quality is present in the late stages of disease, north of 1 - several weeks after the start of contamination, as well as N quality to a lesser extent. With 90% amino corrosive homology and less modifications over time, the N quality is more regulated and stable. The (S and/E quality) heterozygote has a higher rate than the others