Telespectrograph Patent

Telespectrograph for analyzing upper atmosphere by tracking bodies reentering atmosphere at high velocitie

Evaluation of antifungal activity of seaweed extract (Turbinaria conoides) against Fusarium oxysporum

The purpose of the study was to determine the anti fungal activity of seaweed (Turbinaria conoides) extract against root rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Seaweed extract was prepared from the species T. conoides collected from Rameswaram coastal area of Tamil Nadu during December was used for this study. Different concentrations of the extract viz., 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % was evaluated for their antifungal activity against F. oxysporum using poisoned food technique along with control and carbendazim (0.2 %) as check. No mycelial growth (0 cm) was observed in 15 % and 20 % sea weed extract weed extract treated plates even after 6 days ofincubation. Though the visible inhibition of mycelial growth was noticed in all the concentrations, the increased concentration of 15 and 20 % had shown 100 % inhibition. So, the lower concentration of 15 % can be best in controlling the F. oxysporum fungi. GC-MS analysis of seaweed extract showing the presence of several antimicrobial compounds in seaweeds may be the reason for such inhibition

Optimal Trajectory Tracking Control for a Wheeled Mobile Robot Using Fractional Order PID Controller

يقدم هذا البحث, المتحكم التناسبي التكاملي التفاضلي الكسري الامثل اعتمادا على خوارزمية اسراب الطيور للسيطرة على تتبع المسار للانسان الالي ذو العجلات. حيث يتم تقليل مشكلة تتبع المسار مع إعطاء السرعة المرجعية المطلوبة للحصول على المسافة وانحراف زاوية يساوي الصفر، لتحقيق الهدف من تتبع المسار يتم استخدام اثنين من وحدات المتحكم التناسبي التكاملي التفاضلي الكسري للتحكم في السرعة والزاوية لتنفيذ سيطرة تتبع المسار.  تستخدم أساليب تخطيط وتتبع المسارات لإعطاء مسارات تتبع مختلفة. تم استخدام خوارزمية اسراب الطيور لإيجاد المعلمات المثلى لوحدات المتحكم التناسبي التكاملي التفاضلي الكسري. وتم محاكاة النماذج الحركية والحيوية للانسان الالي ذو العجلات لتتبع المسار المطلوب مع خوارزمية أسراب الطيور في برنامج المحاكاة  ماتلاب. وتبين نتائج المحاكاة أن  وحدات المتحكم التناسبي التكاملي التفاضلي الكسري الأمثل هي أكثر فعالية ولها أداء ديناميكي أفضل من الطرق التقليدية.This paper present an optimal Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controller based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for controlling the trajectory tracking of Wheeled Mobile Robot(WMR).The issue of trajectory tracking with given a desired reference velocity is minimized to get the distance and deviation angle equal to zero, to realize the objective of trajectory tracking a two FOPID controllers are used for velocity control and azimuth control to implement the trajectory tracking control. A path planning and path tracking methodologies are used to give different desired tracking trajectories.  PSO algorithm is using to find the optimal parameters of FOPID controllers. The kinematic and dynamic models of wheeled mobile robot for desired trajectory tracking with PSO algorithm are simulated in Simulink-Matlab. Simulation results show that the optimal FOPID controllers are more effective and has better dynamic performance than the conventional methods

Experimental Study of Solar Collector Performance with Serpentine Mini-Channel

الهدف من هذه الدراسة تنفيذ التجريبية للتحقيق في الأداء الحراري للوح مجمع طاقة شمسية يعمل ع اساس قناة مصغرة. لتطبيق المبادلات الحرارية قناة صغيرة، فمن الضروري أن يكون أدوات تصميم مثالية لتنبأ انخفاض الضغط ونقل الحرارة. جميع التجارب العملية اجريت في مدينة بغداد خلال (تموز) عند زاوية ميلان (°30) درجة باتجاه الجنوب تحت ظروف الطقس المشمس. تم استخدام مائع عمل هو بروبلين كلايكول في جريان طباقي خلال تحقق التجارب العملية عند درجة حرارة دخول ثابتة (20) Cº-15)) ولمعدلات تدفق مختلفة (4.6 لتر/ساعة،5.77لتر/ساعة ،7.96لتر/ساعة ،11.2لتر/ساعة و18.35لتر/ساعة). تم تقييم اداء المجمع الشمسي من حيث معامل انتقال الحرارة، انخفاض الضغط، عامل الاحتكاك، طاقة الضخ، وفرق درجات حرارة الدخول والخروج. في هذه الدراسة تم اختبار الجهاز جود طلاء انتقائي وجود غطاء زجاجي بينت النتائج العملية ان زيادة معدل التدفق تؤدي الى زيادة معامل انتقال الحرارة بينما معامل الاحتكاك يقل. ايظا زيادة معدل التدفق تؤدي الى نقصان الفرق درجات الحرارة لمائع العمل بين الدخول والخروج.In this paper, experimental has been executed to investigate thermal performance of modified design of mini-channel plate solar collector. For the application of mini-channel heat exchangers, it is necessary to have perfect design tools for prophesy pressure drop and heat transfer. Experimental setup were carried out in Baghdad city from (July) with a tilt angle of (30º) to the south under sunny weather condition. The working fluid is propylene glycol in the laminar regime is used for experimental investigation at constant fluid inlet temperature (15 ºC - 20 ºC) and at different flow rates (4.6L/h, 5.77L/h, 7.96L/h, 11.2L/h, and 18.35L/h). The mini- channel solar collector performance is evaluated in terms of heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, friction factor pumping power, and working fluid temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet .In this paper study the test rig with selective coating and with cover glass The experimental results show that an increase in mass flow rate the heat transfer coefficient is also increased while the friction factor is decreased. Also, increase in mass flow rate lead to the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet working fluid decreases

Heat Transfer Analysis of Modified Solar Collector Plate with Mini-Channel

الهدف من هذه الدراسة تنفيذ التحليلات العملية والعددية للتحقيق في الأداء الحراري للوح مجمع طاقة شمسية يعمل على اساس قناة مصغرة. لتطبيق المبادلات الحرارية قناة صغيرة، فمن الضروري أن يكون أدوات تصميم مثالية لتنبأ انخفاض الضغط ونقل الحرارة. النموذج الرقمي يجمع بين الإشعاع الشمسي مع نقل الحرارة الحمل إلى لوحة امتصاص على أساس قناة صغيرة وكان عدد رينولد يتراوح بين 70 و 300 في معدل تدفق السوائل تراوحت من (4.6 لتر/ساعة الى 18.35 لتر/ساعة) يستخدم للتحقيق التجريبي في درجة حرارة مدخل السائل ( 20 درجة مئوية). كان السائل العامل البروبيلين جلايكول. يتم تقييم أداء قناة تجميع الطاقة الشمسية البسيطة من حيث معامل انتقال الحرارة، عدد نسلت، عامل الاحتكاك وضخ الطاقة. وتكشف النتيجة أنه عندما يكون هناك زيادة في معدل تدفق الكتلة من السائل المتدفق، فإن معامل انتقال الحرارة الحراري يزداد أيضا في حين ينخفض ​​معامل الاحتكاك.In this paper, experimental and numerical analyses have been executed to investigate the thermal performance of modified design of mini-channel plate solar collector. For the application of mini-channel heat exchangers, it is necessary to have perfect design tools for predicting the pressure drop and heat transfer. A numerical model combining solar radiation with convective heat transfer to the absorber plate based on mini-channel has been developed. Reynolds number ranged from 70 to 300 at the fluid flow rate ranged from 4.6 L/h to 18.35 L/h is used for experimental investigation at fluid inlet temperature (20°C); the working fluid is propylene glycol. The mini channel solar collector performance is evaluated in terms of heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, friction factor, and pumping power. The result revealed that when there is an increase in the mass flow rate of flowing fluid, the convective heat transfer coefficient is increased, while the friction factor is decreased

Smart driving : a new approach to meeting driver needs

The use of machine learning algorithms in different automated applications is increasing rapidly. The effectiveness of algorithms performances helps the user to operate their machine accurately and on time. Road sign classification is a very common type of problem for an automated driving support system. In this research, road speeding measure and sign identification is conducted using four popular machine learning algorithms to develop a smart driving system. This system informs forward-looking decision making and the initiation of suitable actions to prevent any future disastrous events. The robustness of the classification algorithms is examined for classification accuracy through 10-fold cross validation and confusion matrix. Experimental results proofs that the accuracy of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Neural Network (NN) is almost 100 % and it is very promising compared to the earlier research performance. However, in terms of computational complexity NN is a slower classifier. Therefore, the experimental results suggest that SVM can make an effective interpretation and point out the ability of design of a new intelligent speed control system

Performance assessment of antenna array for an unmanned air vehicle

In this paper, the performance of Linear Antenna Array Element (LAAE) has been evaluated at the Base Station (BS) with a different number of elements for Unmanned Air Vehicle UAV application. The Switched Beam (SB) and Phase Array (PA) have been used as a steering beam mechanism. The beam steering tracker is based on the GPS points of the UAV and the BS. In addition, the Misalignment angle has been analyzed for SB and PA corresponding to the maximum speed of the UAV. The compression between SB and PA in term of Bit Error Rate (BER) vs. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and BER vs. Misalignment angle have been examined by using Matlab. The results show that the PA has better performance than SB in both terms under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel with an interference signal. When the number of the elements is eight provides longer distance than four by the factor (1.5 in SB case and 2 in PA case) and wider Misalignment angle range than twelve by factor (2 in SW case and 3 in PA case). Therefore, it is becoming a useful option for many applications

Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis Based on Intelligent System

التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي  يؤثر على كثير من الناس مستهدفا المفاصل وخاصة المفاصل الصغيرة، ويستهدف جميع الأعمار حيث هو أكثر شيوعا في النساء. هذا المرض له العديد من الأعراض مشابهة لأمراض أخرى. لذلك، فمن الصعب جدا كشفه. كما أن أدوات التشخيص معقدة وغير اقتصادية. في هذا البحث، شبكة الذكاء الاصطناعي استخدمت لتشخيص والكشف المبكر عن التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي وفقا للمعايير التي وضعتها الكلية الأمريكية للروماتيزم. أفضل أداء يحدث مع الحد الأدنى لعدد الخلايا العصبية المطلوبة عندما يكون عدد الخلايا العصبية هو 6. بحيث، فإن الأداء يساوي 10-10×3.8968. عند تقليل عدد الخلايا العصبية إلى 5 أو زيادة إلى 8، والنتيجة هي 0.0041 و  10-10×1.0611 ,على التوالي. مع ذلك، يمكن اعتبار جميع النتائج مقبولة و أن أفضل خيار لهذه التصاميم سيكون 6 خلايا عصبية من جانب التعقيد والدقة.The Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) affects many people targeting their joints, especially small joints, and it targets all ages which it is more common in women. This disease has many symptoms similar to other diseases. Therefore, it is very hard to detect. Also, the diagnostic tools are complex and uneconomical. In this paper, artificial intelligence network used for diagnosis and early detection of RA in accordance with criteria developed by the American College of Rheumatology. The best performance occurs with the minimum number of neurons required when the number of neurons is 6. So that, the performance is equal to 3.8968x1010-.  When reducing the number of neurons to 5 or increasing to 8, the result is  0.0041 and 1.0611×10-10, respectively. However, all results can be consider acceptable and indicate that the best choice from this structure will be 6 neurons in the form of complexity and accuracy

Geometric and process design of ultra-thin junctionless double gate vertical MOSFETs

The junctionless MOSFET architectures appear to be attractive in realizing the Moore’s law prediction. In this paper, a comprehensive 2-D simulation on junctionless vertical double-gate MOSFET (JLDGVM) under geometric and process consideration was introduced in order to obtain excellent electrical characteristics. Geometrical designs such as channel length (Lch) and pillar thickness (Tp) were considered and the impact on the electrical performance was analyzed. The influence of doping concentration and metal gate work function (WF) were further investigated for achieving better performance. The results show that the shorter Lch can boost the drain current (ID) of n-JLDGVM and p-JLDGVM by approximately 68% and 70% respectively. The ID of the n-JLVDGM and p-JLVDGM could possibly boost up to 42% and 78% respectively as the Tp is scaled down from 11nm to 8nm. The channel doping (Nch) is also a critical parameter, affecting the electrical performance of both n-JLDGVM and p-JLDGVM in which 15% and 39% improvements are observed in their respective ID as the concentration level is increased from 1E18 to 9E18 atom/cm3. In addition, the adjustment of threshold voltage can be realized by varying the metal WF

A Review of Forecasting Techniques

This work examines recent publications in forecasting in various fields, these include: wind power forecasting; electricity load forecasting; crude oil price forecasting; gold price forecasting energy price forecasting etc. In this review, categorization of the processes involve in forecasting are divided into four major steps namely: input features selection; data pre-processing; forecast model development and performance evaluation. The various methods involve are discussed in order to provide the overall view about possible options for development of forecasting system. It is intended that the classification of the steps into small categories with definitions of terms and discussion of evolving techniques will provide guidance for future forecasting sytem designers