Antifungal Activity of Weed Extracts on Candida Albicans: An In-vitro Study

The genus Candida is caused morbidity and mortality in human beings. The virulence factors of the Candida albicans have the great role in the pseudohyphae formation by attached with epithelial cells and endothelial cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of weed extracts used in traditional herbal medicine. The weeds were selected on the basis of their reported ethnobotanical uses. Water and alcoholic weed extracts were screened in vitro for their antifungal activity against fungus C. albicans. 50μl concentration of minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Mimosa pudica extract in alcohol and 70μl concentration of MIC of Oxalis corniculata extract shows in alcohol. We conclude from this that these extracts exhibit amazing fungicidal properties that support their traditional uses. The presence of phytochemicals in the extracts including, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and organic acids like, Malic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid may be responsible for these activities. The acetone extracts of plant are more efficient as compared to the water extract.

Electrochemical Sensor and luminescence applications of Chonemorpha fragrans leaf extract mediated ZnO/Ag nanostructures

ZnO: Ag (0–20 mol%) hexagonal nanostructures were prepared via the phyto-synthesis route using Chonemorpha fragrans leaf extract. The structure, morphology, and compositions of the as-formed product were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Surface-enhanced area diffraction (SEAD), and Raman spectroscopy. Further, prepared nanostructures were subjected to sensor and luminescence studies. PXRD pattern shows the formation of the hexagonal wurtzite system. The Rietveld refinement analysis is used to refine structural parameters. FESEM micrographs show the agglomeration of the nanoparticles. The TEM pictures reveal the hexagonal shaped nanoparticles. The average 30 - 35 nm ranged crystallite sizes were determined using Scherrer's method which is in good agreement with the TEM. An economical and naturally responsive strategy can be the use of plant extract in the synthesis of nanostructured products. Also, studies related to sensing of paracetamol were performed using ZnO: Ag (20 mol%) indicating that it is a promising electrode material for paracetamol sensing. The identified PL emission bands indicate favorable luminescence applications for ZnO: Ag nanopowders

AN OUTBREAK OF AVIAN PASTEURELLOSIS IN A TURKEY FARM

Avian Pasteurellosis is a contagious disease of domestic and wild birds caused by Pasteurella mutocida. A turkey farm with a flock size of 500 recorded an acute death of about 102 turkeys with the history of clinical symptoms such as respiratory distress, anorexia, mucoid discharge from mouth and the nostrils, diarrhea were presented to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College. On thorough postmortem examination, a salient finding of petechial haemorrhages with pinpoint necrotic spots though out the liver parenchyma was observed along with pneumonic changes in lungs and vascular changes in trachea, spleen and intestines. On histopathological examination, liver revealed multifocal areas of coagulative necrosis and haemorrhages. Heart showed separation, fragmentation and degeneration of fibers with extensive inter-muscular haemorrhages. Lungs were congested with haemorrhages and pneumonic changes. Based on history, gross & histopathological lesions and impression smear examination after staining with geimsa and methylene blue, the case was diagnosed as Avian Pasteurellosis

Chonemorpha Grandiflora Extract Mediated Synthesis of Ag-ZnO Nanoparticles for its Anticancer, Electrical and Dielectric Applications

A phytosynthesis method is a nontoxic and environmentally friendly approach. We successfully synthesized the spherical Ag-ZnO nanoparticles via phytosynthesis method using Chonemorpha grandiflora leaf extract. The Scherrer’s equation revealed the average crystallite size in the range of 20-35 nm which is in good agreement with TEM results. Adsorption peak was found at 380 nm using Diffused reflectance spectra and energy band gap is found to be 3.08-3.18 eV using Kubelka-Munk function. In vitro viability studies on MCF 7, HCT 116 and A 549 cell lines showed dose-dependent toxicity. Dielectric applications were investigated in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 8 MHz at room temperature using LCR meter. The dielectric parameters of Ag-ZnO nanoparticles increased with Ag concentration and decrease with frequency. This behavior may be due to the decrease in the concentration of Ag in ZnO host material. Further, there is an increase in AC electrical conductivity with adding Ag concentration and at higher frequencies which is due to the increase of available charge carriers. The DC conductivity of samples increases from 2.610−5 S m−1 to 210−4 S m−1 with the increasing Ag content and is highest for 0.1 content

Chonemorpha grandiflora extract mediated synthesis of Ag-ZnO nanoparticles for its anticancer, electrical and dielectric applications

A phytosynthesis method is a nontoxic and environmentally friendly approach. We successfully synthesized the spherical Ag-ZnO nanoparticles via phytosynthesis method using Chonemorpha grandiflora leaf extract. The Scherrer's equation revealed the average crystallite size in the range of 20-35 nm which is in good agreement with TEM results. Adsorption peak was found at 380 nm using Diffused reflectance spectra and energy band gap is found to be 3.08-3.18 eV using Kubelka-Munk function. In vitro viability studies on MCF7, HCT116 and A 549 cell lines showed dose-dependent toxicity. Dielectric applications were investigated in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 8MHzat room temperature using LCR meter. The dielectric parameters of Ag-ZnO nanoparticles increased with Ag concentration and decrease with frequency. This behavior may be due to the decrease in the concentration of Ag in ZnO host material. Further, there is an increase inAC electrical conductivity with adding Ag concentration and at higher frequencies which is due to the increase of available charge carriers. The DC conductivity of samples increases from 2.6. x. 10(-5) Sm-1 to 2 x 10(-4) Sm-1 with the increasing Ag content and is highest for 0.1 content