Transcripts of letters from Eileen to her husband Arthur

Contains descriptions of Eileen's training in Bromsgrove, and life during the war. Letters transcribed by Eileen's daughter, Elaine Deborah Young

Teachers’ Perception of the Impact of Educational Programmes on the Development of Children in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

This survey assessed the impact of early childhood educational programmes on the psychological, physiological, emotional, social and spiritual development of children in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. The researchers employed simple random sampling method in selecting a sample of 120 teachers from Nursery/Primary Schools in Uyo Local Government Area for the survey. The instrument used in data collection was a simple questionnaire developed by the researchers to elicit data on how the educational programmes provided in the study area impacts on the development of the children. Questionnaire items covered the impact of available educational programmes on children’s cognitive, physical, emotional, social and, spiritual development. Obtained responses were analysed using descriptive quantitative statistics. The outcome of data analyses showed that that the educational programmes provided in the study area had a significant impact on the social, emotional, physical, cognitive and spiritual development of the children. The researchers therefore recommended, among other things, that improving upon the educational programmes of the children, at the early childhood level would be a promising intervention and could contribute to the optimum development of the child. Keywords: Childhood education; Child development, Pre-primary education; Crèche, Child psycholog

Maternal Socioeconomic Status and Fertility Behaviour in Nigeria: Evidence from a Cross Sectional Nationally Representative Survey

Aims: Studies have linked individual factors such as education and household variables including wealth index as predictors of fertility behaviour. This study aims to examine the effect of socioeconomic characteristics on fertility behaviour when combined as a single proxy among women of reproductive ages in Nigeria. Methods: Data for this study was extracted from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) of 2003, 2008, and 2013. The explanatory variable, “socioeconomic status”, was derived as a composite index from the combination of individual and household variables. The outcome variable “fertility behaviour” is measured by total children ever born (CEB). Pearson chi-square test was used to determine the association among variables. Ordinal logistic regression was used to assess the effect of the explanatory variable on the outcome variable. Level of significance was determined at 5% and 95% confidence interval. The analysis was carried out using Stata 14.0. Results: There is a statistically significant but inverse association between socioeconomic status and reported CEB. If women were to change their socioeconomic status from low to high, the CEB would reduce by -0.502 (p<.001) and by -1.038 (p<.000). This pattern remained consistent in the adjusted model and across all surveys. Conclusion: The study concludes that women’s socioeconomic status significantly predicts fertility behaviour. An improved socioeconomic status would reduce reported CEB. Efforts to reduce fertility in Nigeria must embrace a multi-dimensional approach that creates opportunities aimed at promoting women’s economic status

A Framework of Contextualized Teaching and Learning: Assisting Developmental Education Instructors

Contextualization in Developmental Education (DE) classrooms is often recommended but underutilized. The Framework of Contextualized Teaching and Learning is based upon existing research and theory in the field. It will help instructors create contextualized lessons and provide researchers a framework for categorizing studies on contextualization

Mainstreaming gender through Aquatourism venture: an assessment of impact of women SHGs in Kerala

Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) made a study on gender mainstreaming and impact of Self Help Groups by mobilised women in Aquatourism venture in Narakkal and Malipuram in Vypeen Island in Ernakulam district of Kerala state. ‘Matsyafed’ of Kerala State Fisheries Department and Tsunami Emergency Assistance Program (TEAP) have organized these women SHGs for uplifting the life of Fisherfolk by enhancing Fish production Marketing, Technical support and Ecotourism. SHGs names as Souparnika in Narakkal and Vandanam in Malippuram are running the cafeteria which provides delicious homely meals and cooked fish items. The impact of SHGs on gender mainstreaming by assessing the equity and equality of men and women in these SHGs was assessed through gender analysis, performance level of SHG, Empowerment Index and economic feasibility analysis with socio economic surveys undertaken in the locality with a pre-tested and structured data gathering protocols consisting of standardized scales and indices. Empowerment Index was quantified based on 8 relevant dimensions constituting it. The male and female counterparts of the families were separately interviewed to assess the gender mainstreaming aspects in terms of equity and equality to access to resources, participation profile, decision making aspects, gender need analysis etc. Proper ‘training on technical matters’ and ‘marketing aspects’ were found to be inevitable for more desirable results. Female counterparts also do have a definite role in site selection, purchase of accessories, cooking, serving, cleaning, marketing etc. The Scales of ‘Performance Assessment’ and ‘Empowerment Index’ developed for this study have good potential for future use in other key areas on a sustainable basis. Lacunae identified in Empowerment Index computation give adequate feedback to authorities to proceed in the right direction. The gender dimension analysis on mainstreaming aspect gives sensitization on crucial issues like women fisher folk’s rights and marketing channels for policies and other interventions on gender. Inter relationships between the variables an act as catalytic points for group action and group empowerment on a sustainable basis. The success case study elucidated can be used as a case model and practical manual for promoting group action for mobilising SHGs on a sustainable basis

The Iowa Homemaker vol.19, no.8

Writing, page 1 Speak Softly, page 2 Application Letters – Precursors to your Job, page 3 Cutting Gay Capers in Sally’s Styles, page 4 Homemaker Success Stories, page 6 Women on the Air, page 7 What’s New in Home Economics, page 8 Books from Crib to College, page 10 Jumps in Journalism, page 12 Iowa State Women Gain Recognition, page 13 Fresh Air in the Mechanical Age, page 14 Fashion Writing Challenges the College Journalist, page 15 Behind Bright Jackets, page 16 Land Yourself a Scholarship, page 17 Alums in the News, page 18 Coed Trickery, page 19 Biography of a Home Economist, page 20 From Journalistic Spindles, page 2

Speech Sound Production in 2-Year-Olds Who Are Hard of Hearing

The purpose of the study was to 1) compare the speech sound production abilities of 2-year-old children who are hard of hearing (HH) to children with normal hearing (NH), 2) identify sources of risk for individual children who are HH, and 3) determine whether speech sound production skills at age two were predictive of speech sound production skills at age three