PREVALENCE OF ATLANTO-AXIAL INSTABILITY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CLINICAL SIGNS IN CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME

Introduction: A change in the atlanto-axial alignment in children with Down syndrome may be associated with pain, neurological disorders, high spinal cord compression and sudden death. Objective: To determine the prevalence of atlanto-axial instability in children with Down syndrome and its association with the presence of signs and symptoms of atlanto-axial instability. Methods: A cross-sectional study evaluated 21 children with Down syndrome aged between 3 and 5 years. Children who had undergone cervical spine surgery or who had diseases not associated with this syndrome were excluded. Sex, age, ethnicity of the child and the presence of signs suggestive of atlanto-axial instability, as reported by caregivers, such as neck pain, difficulty walking, weakness in the lower limbs, fatigue, difficulty with balance, urinary and fecal incontinence and projectile vomiting were studied. Children underwent a cervical spine X-ray in the lateral view in three positions: neutral, flexion and extension. When the atlas-odontoid distance was equal to or greater than 4.5 mm, atlanto-axial instability was diagnosed. Results: The prevalence of atlanto-axial instability in the studied population was 9.5%. There was no significant association revealed in the chi-square test between the signs suggestive of atlanto-axial instability and the presence of atlanto-axial instability (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Atlanto-axial instability is possibly not associated with its suggestive signs

INCREMENTOS DE RESÍDUOS DA INDÚSTRIA DE AÇÚCAR E ÁLCOOL EM MASSAS ARGILOSAS

This work had the objective of realize the incorporation of wastes – soot and water from sugar cane washes soot and sugar cane (clay) in ceramic formulations. It was carried out chemical and physical characterization of the wastes by X-ray fluorescence method, laser granulometry and X-ray diffraction of the clay. It was analyzed increments of the wastes (0, 5, 10 and 15%). The samples were compressed and burned at different temperatures (700, 800 and 900 °C). The following properties were determined: Atterberg limits, loss by fire, linear shrinkage and dry-firing, water absorption and color of burning. The proposed clay masses presented potential of application to the production of red ceramics and the color of burning related to the high levels of Fe2O3 tended to dark red. It can be observed changes in color (black spots) and deformations to the masses with increment of soot. Key words: Clay. Industrial Waste. Red Ceramic. Physical Properties. Burning. Recycling.Este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar a incorporação dos resíduos - fuligem e água de lavagem da cana de açúcar (barro) em formulações cerâmicas. Foi realizada a caracterização química e física dos resíduos por meio de método de fluorescência de raios X, granulometria a laser e da argila por difração de raio-X. Foram analisados incrementos dos resíduos (0, 5, 10 e 15%). Os corpos de prova foram compactados e queimados em diferentes temperaturas (700º C, 800º C e 900º C). As seguintes propriedades foram determinadas: limites de Atterberg, perda ao fogo, retração linear seca e de queima, absorção de água e cor de queima. As massas argilosas propostas apresentaram potencial de aplicação para a produção de cerâmicas vermelhas e a cor de queima relacionada aos altos teores de Fe2O3 tendeu ao vermelho escuro. Foram observadas alterações na cor (pontos negros) e deformações para as massas com incremento de fuligem. Palavras-chave: Argila. Resíduo Industrial. Cerâmica Vermelha. Propriedades Físicas. Queima. Reciclagem

Manejo da asma em um município do centro-oeste mineiro baseado na revisão de literatura / Strategy for asthma management in a city located in MidWest of Minas Gerais: a literature review

Introdução: O impacto negativo causado por crises asmáticas na qualidade de vida da população pediátrica pode variar desde desconforto e evasão escolar, a grave quadro de internação. Neste contexto, programas multiprofissionais têm sido implantados na Atenção Primária à Saúde como forma de intervenção em saúde. Objetivo: Identificar programas de manejo da asma no público pediátrico e discuti-los de acordo com o cenário de uma cidade do centro-oeste mineiro. Método: Trata-se de uma metodologia descritiva e exploratória baseada na revisão integrativa da literatura. Discussão: O município de Divinópolis-MG tem uma população estimada de 213.016 habitantes e no período compreendido entre 2010 e 2013, a asma foi a causa de 13,2% do total de hospitalizações por doenças respiratórias, acometendo principalmente a faixa etária entre zero a nove anos. Dados mostram que de janeiro de 2012 a janeiro de 2013 a asma ocasionou 21,8% das hospitalizações por doenças respiratórias em crianças no município, em sua maioria proveniente do Pronto Socorro Regional (75,6%) e atendidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (78,2%). A maior frequência de internação teve relação com a sazonalidade (19,2%), os meses de junho (11,5%) e fevereiro (11,5%), o sexo masculino (61,6%) e idade menor que um ano (51,3%) quando se trata de asmáticos. Conclusão: A prevalência de hospitalizações infantis por asma no município de Divinópolis reflete a necessidade de maiores esforços do poder público para a implantação de programas de prevenção e controle da doença, minimizando esse tipo de internação hospitalar

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Perceptions of medicine students and healthcare professionals about primary health professionals' training to cope with the COVID-19 epidemic

Em fevereiro de 2020, o Brasil registrava o seu primeiro caso confirmado de COVID-19 e, em março, no município de Divinópolis, confirmava-se o primeiro em Minas Gerais. Sendo a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) a porta de entrada do sistema de saúde, torna-se o principal local de atendimento aos pacientes com sintomas respiratórios. Diante disso, criou-se um projeto de extensão, composto por professores e alunos do curso de Medicina, a fim de atuar no enfrentamento a pandemia. Estudantes capacitados, sob supervisão docente, realizaram treinamentos das equipes da APS do município, utilizando-se de simulações de casos realísticos. Ao final da etapa de capacitação das unidades de saúde, todas as equipes do município foram assistidas.  Por seu turno, a percepção dos estudantes e profissionais sobre a vivência durante o processo foi de uma significativa contribuição à comunidade e ao serviço de saúde, além de ter impactado de forma relevante na formação dos discentes participantes, reforçando o sentimento de responsabilidade social. Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem baseada em problemas; Educação médica; Capacitação em serviço; Extensão comunitária   Perceptions of medicine students and healthcare professionals about primary health professionals' training to cope with the COVID-19 epidemic Abstract: : In Brazil, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in February 2020, and Minas Gerais state, in March 2020, precisely in the municipality of Divinópolis. Primary Health Care (PHC) is the gateway to the health system, making it the most likely way to seek outpatients with respiratory symptoms. Thus, an extension project coordinated by professors, with the participation of students from the medical course, from a public university in MG, was created to contribute to facing the pandemic at the loco-regional level. Qualified students were divided into groups guided by one of the teachers, and within the PHC units in the municipality, they trained the teams, using the methodology of realistic case simulations. At the end of the health units training phase, all the teams in the municipality were assisted. In turn, the perception of students and professionals about the experience during the process was a significant contribution to the community and the health service, in addition to having a significant impact on the training of participating students, reinforcing the feeling of social responsibility. Keywords Problem-Based Learning; Medical Education; Service Learning; Community ExtensionIn Brazil, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in February 2020, and Minas Gerais state, in March 2020, precisely in the municipality of Divinópolis. Primary Health Care (PHC) is the gateway to the health system, making it the most likely way to seek outpatients with respiratory symptoms. Thus, an extension project coordinated by professors, with the participation of students from the medical course, from a public university in MG, was created to contribute to facing the pandemic at the loco-regional level. Qualified students were divided into groups guided by one of the teachers, and within the PHC units in the municipality, they trained the teams, using the methodology of realistic case simulations. At the end of the health units training phase, all the teams in the municipality were assisted. In turn, the perception of students and professionals about the experience during the process was a significant contribution to the community and the health service, in addition to having a significant impact on the training of participating students, reinforcing the feeling of social responsibility

PREVALENCE OF ATLANTO-AXIAL INSTABILITY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CLINICAL SIGNS IN CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME

Introduction: A change in the atlanto-axial alignment in children with Down syndrome may be associated with pain, neurological disorders, high spinal cord compression and sudden death. Objective: To determine the prevalence of atlanto-axial instability in children with Down syndrome and its association with the presence of signs and symptoms of atlanto-axial instability. Methods: A cross-sectional study evaluated 21 children with Down syndrome aged between 3 and 5 years. Children who had undergone cervical spine surgery or who had diseases not associated with this syndrome were excluded. Sex, age, ethnicity of the child and the presence of signs suggestive of atlanto-axial instability, as reported by caregivers, such as neck pain, difficulty walking, weakness in the lower limbs, fatigue, difficulty with balance, urinary and fecal incontinence and projectile vomiting were studied. Children underwent a cervical spine X-ray in the lateral view in three positions: neutral, flexion and extension. When the atlas-odontoid distance was equal to or greater than 4.5 mm, atlanto-axial instability was diagnosed. Results: The prevalence of atlanto-axial instability in the studied population was 9.5%. There was no significant association revealed in the chi-square test between the signs suggestive of atlanto-axial instability and the presence of atlanto-axial instability (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Atlanto-axial instability is possibly not associated with its suggestive signs