A neurodegenerative disease landscape of rare mutations in Colombia due to founder effects

Background The Colombian population, as well as those in other Latin American regions, arose from a recent tri-continental admixture among Native Americans, Spanish invaders, and enslaved Africans, all of whom passed through a population bottleneck due to widespread infectious diseases that left small isolated local settlements. As a result, the current population reflects multiple founder effects derived from diverse ancestries. Methods We characterized the role of admixture and founder effects on the origination of the mutational landscape that led to neurodegenerative disorders under these historical circumstances. Genomes from 900 Colombian individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [n = 376], frontotemporal lobar degeneration-motor neuron disease continuum (FTLD-MND) [n = 197], early-onset dementia not otherwise specified (EOD) [n = 73], and healthy participants [n = 254] were analyzed. We examined their global and local ancestry proportions and screened this cohort for deleterious variants in disease-causing and risk-conferring genes. Results We identified 21 pathogenic variants in AD-FTLD related genes, and PSEN1 harbored the majority (11 pathogenic variants). Variants were identified from all three continental ancestries. TREM2 heterozygous and homozygous variants were the most common among AD risk genes (102 carriers), a point of interest because the disease risk conferred by these variants differed according to ancestry. Several gene variants that have a known association with MND in European populations had FTLD phenotypes on a Native American haplotype. Consistent with founder effects, identity by descent among carriers of the same variant was frequent. Conclusions Colombian demography with multiple mini-bottlenecks probably enhanced the detection of founder events and left a proportionally higher frequency of rare variants derived from the ancestral populations. These findings demonstrate the role of genomically defined ancestry in phenotypic disease expression, a phenotypic range of different rare mutations in the same gene, and further emphasize the importance of inclusiveness in genetic studies.Q2Q2Antecedentes La población colombiana, así como la de otras regiones latinoamericanas, surgió de una mezcla tricontinental reciente entre los nativos americanos, los invasores españoles y los africanos esclavizados, todos los cuales pasaron por un cuello de botella poblacional debido a enfermedades infecciosas generalizadas que dejaron a pequeños aislados. asentamientos locales. Como resultado, la población actual refleja múltiples efectos fundadores derivados de diversas ascendencias. Métodos Caracterizamos el papel de la mezcla y los efectos fundadores en el origen del paisaje mutacional que condujo a trastornos neurodegenerativos en estas circunstancias históricas. Genomas de 900 individuos colombianos con enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) [n = 376], continuo degeneración lobar frontotemporal-enfermedad de la motoneurona (FTLD-MND) [n = 197], demencia de inicio temprano no especificada (EOD) [n = 73 ], y participantes sanos [n = 254] fueron analizados. Examinamos sus proporciones de ascendencia global y local y examinamos esta cohorte en busca de variantes nocivas en los genes que causan enfermedades y confieren riesgos. Resultados Identificamos 21 variantes patogénicas en genes relacionados con AD-FTLD, y PSEN1 albergaba la mayoría (11 variantes patogénicas). Se identificaron variantes de las tres ascendencias continentales. Las variantes heterocigotas y homocigotas de TREM2 fueron las más comunes entre los genes de riesgo de EA (102 portadores), un punto de interés porque el riesgo de enfermedad conferido por estas variantes difería según la ascendencia. Varias variantes genéticas que tienen una asociación conocida con MND en poblaciones europeas tenían fenotipos FTLD en un haplotipo nativo americano. De acuerdo con los efectos del fundador, la identidad por descendencia entre portadores de la misma variante fue frecuente. Conclusiones La demografía colombiana con múltiples mini-cuellos de botella probablemente mejoró la detección de eventos fundadores y dejó una frecuencia proporcionalmente más alta de variantes raras derivadas de las poblaciones ancestrales. Estos hallazgos demuestran el papel de la ascendencia definida genómicamente en la expresión fenotípica de la enfermedad, un rango fenotípico de diferentes mutaciones raras en el mismo gen, y enfatizan aún más la importancia de la inclusión en los estudios genéticos.https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6529-7077https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=kaGongoAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&sortby=pubdatehttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000055000&lang=esRevista Internacional - Indexad

A neurodegenerative disease landscape of rare mutations in Colombia due to founder effects.

Background: The Colombian population, as well as those in other Latin American regions, arose from a recent tri-continental admixture among Native Americans, Spanish invaders, and enslaved Africans, all of whom passed through a population bottleneck due to widespread infectious diseases that left small isolated local settlements. As a result, the current population reflects multiple founder effects derived from diverse ancestries. Methods: We characterized the role of admixture and founder effects on the origination of the mutational landscape that led to neurodegenerative disorders under these historical circumstances. Genomes from 900 Colombian individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) [n = 376], frontotemporal lobar degeneration-motor neuron disease continuum (FTLD-MND) [n = 197], early-onset dementia not otherwise specified (EOD) [n = 73], and healthy participants [n = 254] were analyzed. We examined their global and local ancestry proportions and screened this cohort for deleterious variants in disease-causing and risk-conferring genes. Results: We identified 21 pathogenic variants in AD-FTLD related genes, and PSEN1 harbored the majority (11 pathogenic variants). Variants were identified from all three continental ancestries. TREM2 heterozygous and homozygous variants were the most common among AD risk genes (102 carriers), a point of interest because the disease risk conferred by these variants differed according to ancestry. Several gene variants that have a known association with MND in European populations had FTLD phenotypes on a Native American haplotype. Consistent with founder effects, identity by descent among carriers of the same variant was frequent. Conclusions: Colombian demography with multiple mini-bottlenecks probably enhanced the detection of founder events and left a proportionally higher frequency of rare variants derived from the ancestral populations. These findings demonstrate the role of genomically defined ancestry in phenotypic disease expression, a phenotypic range of different rare mutations in the same gene, and further emphasize the importance of inclusiveness in genetic studies

Neurobanco del grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia

El material biológico procedente de personas afectadas por enfermedades neurodegenerativas y el de controles sanos, es una necesidad para la investigación de las enfermedades neurodegenerativas

Correlación Genotipo-Fenotipo en CADASIL. Desempeño cognitivo en pacientes portadores de las mutaciones R1031C y C455R

Even though cognitive impairment in brain vascular disease has been widely described, there is not much known about specific neuropsychological profiles in affected families suffering from hereditary vascular dementia CADASIL. In Colombia we have reported for the first time two large kindreds suffering from CADASIL in the Antioquia region (Colombia). Those families carry mutations R1031C and C455R in notch 3 gene, respectively. In this study, we have develop a comparative analysis between 16 affected carriers of R1031C (family A) and 7 affected carriers of mutation C455R (family B). This includes a description of cognitive performance in these two groups applying specific protocols evaluating several cognitive functions, depression and everyday functionality. Analysis showed differences in age of onset, evolution time, dementia diagnosis and degree of leukoencephalopaty between R1031C and C455R carriers. Statistically significant differences were found in tests evaluating multiple cognitive domains with higher prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in R1031C carriers (p<0.05). There were not statistically significant differences in tests evaluating sustained attention, abstract reasoning, semantical and phonological fluence, reading, arithmetic, executive functions, depression scales and functional scales.Aunque en la literatura se han descrito ampliamente las alteraciones cognitivas asociadas a la enfermedad cerebrovascular, se conoce aún muy poco sobre la existencia de perfiles neuropsicológicos específicos en familias afectadas con demencia vascular hereditaria tipo CADASIL En Colombia reportamos por primera vez dos familias afectadas con CADASIL, pertenecientes a extensas genealogías del Departamento de Antioquia (Colombia), y portadoras de las mutaciones R1031C y la mutación C455R. en el gen Notch3. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis comparativo en 16 afectados portadores de la mutación R1031C (familia A) y 7 afectados portadores de la mutación C455R (familia B) . Se realiza una descripción del desempeño cognitivo en dos grupos de pacientes portadores de las mutaciones R1031C y C455R en el gen Notch3, a través de la aplicación de protocolos específicos que evalúan diversas funciones cognitivas y funcionalidad. La muestra está compuesta por un grupo de 23 sujetos afectados con diagnóstico clínico molecular de CADASIL. Ambos grupos de sujetos (familia A y familia B) se les administró una batería neuropsicológica, escalas funcionales y escala de depresión

Genotype - phenotype correlation in CADASIL. Cognitive performance in carriers of notch3 mutations R1031C and C455R

Even though cognitive impairment in brain vascular disease has been widely described, there is not much known about specific neuropsychological profiles in affected families suffering from hereditary vascular dementia CADASIL. In Colombia we have reported for the first time two large kindreds suffering from CADASIL in the Antioquia region (Colombia). Those families carry mutations R1031C and C455R in notch 3 gene, respectively. In this study, we have develop a comparative analysis between 16 affected carriers of R1031C (family A) and 7 affected carriers of mutation C455R (family B). This includes a description of cognitive performance in these two groups applying specific protocols evaluating several cognitive functions, depression and everyday functionality. Analysis showed differences in age of onset, evolution time, dementia diagnosis and degree of leukoencephalopaty between R1031C and C455R carriers. Statistically significant differences were found in tests evaluating multiple cognitive domains with higher prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in R1031C carriers (p<0.05). There were not statistically significant differences in tests evaluating sustained attention, abstract reasoning, semantical and phonological fluence, reading, arithmetic, executive functions, depression scales and functional scales

Letras y encajes

Letras y Encajes publica su primer número en 1926, esta revista fue fundada por mujeres de la clase dirigente de Medellín, muchas de ellas socias de la institución cultural Centro Femenino de Estudios (Sofía Ospina de Navarro, Teresa Santamaría de González, Ángela Villa de Toro y Alicia Merizalde de Echavarría) a lo largo del tiempo se consolido como la revista femenina más importante del país, dirigida a mujeres de la clase alta y media, abordaba temas que giraban alrededor del hogar, la religión, la literatura y la moda de la época. La revista circuló mensualmente hasta 1959. Sus principales redactoras eran mujeres, pero contaba con la colaboración ocasional de algunos hombres y con traducciones de autoras(es) extranjeras(os)

El cultivo de la Caléndula (Calendula officinalis L.)

La información contenida en esta cartilla es el resultado parcial de experiencias técnicas investigativas obtenidas en actividades realizadas en el programa por el grupo de investigación en Plantas Medicinales, Aromáticas y Condimentarias de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira y de la Secretaría de Agricultura y Pesca de la Gobernación del Valle del Cauca. Los ensayos experimentales se realizaron en el Centro Experimental (CEUNP), laboratorios y con los estudiantes de pos y pre grado de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira. El propósito de esta catilla es ofrecer orientación técnica básica para todas aquellas personas que deseen cultivar esta planta medicinal, teniendo en cuenta sus propias condiciones agroclimáticas, edáficas, necesidades y cultura productiva. Es importante aclarar que en cada sistema productivo se aplicarán prácticas de manejo específicas

Vericiguat in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Aims: Coronary artery disease (CAD) portends worse outcomes in heart failure (HF). We aimed to characterize patients with CAD and worsening HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and evaluate post hoc whether vericiguat treatment effect varied according to CAD. Methods and results: Cox proportional hazards were generated for the primary endpoint of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization (CVD/HFH). CAD was defined as previous myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass grafting. Of 5048 patients in VICTORIA with available data on CAD status, 2704 had CAD and were older, were more frequently male, diabetic, and had a lower glomerular filtration rate than those without CAD (all p <0.0001). Use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) was higher in patients with versus without CAD (33.5% vs. 21.1%; p <0.0001 and 16.3% vs. 12.8%; p = 0.0006). The primary endpoint of CVD/HFH was higher in those with versus without CAD (40.6 vs. 30.1/100 patient-years; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.23; p <0.001) as was all-cause mortality (17.9% vs. 12.7%; adjusted HR 1.32; p <0.001). The primary outcome of CVD/HFH associated with vericiguat in patients with or without CAD was 38.8 versus 27.6 per 100 patient-years and for placebo was 42.6 versus 32.7 per 100 patient-years (interaction p = 0.78). Conclusion: In this post hoc study, CAD was associated with more CVD and HFH in patients with HFrEF and worsening HF. Vericiguat was beneficial and safe regardless of concomitant CAD

Genetic origin of a large family with a novel PSEN1 mutation (Ile416Thr)

IntroductionA small percentage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases are caused by genetic mutations with autosomal dominant inheritance. We report a family with a novel variant in PSEN1.MethodsWe performed clinical and genetic evaluation of 93 related individuals from a Colombian admixed population. 31 individuals had whole-genome sequencing.ResultsGenetic analysis revealed a missense variant in PSEN1 (NM_000021.3: c.1247T&gt;C p.Ile416Thr), which originated on an African haplotype and segregated with AD logarithm of the odds score of 6. Their clinical phenotype is similar to sporadic AD except for earlier age at onset: the mean age at onset for mild cognitive impairment was 47.6&nbsp;years (standard deviation 5.83) and for dementia 51.6&nbsp;years (standard deviation 5.03).DiscussionIle416Thr is a novel pathogenic variant that causes AD in the sixth decade of life. The history of the region that included slave importation and admixtures within a confined geographic locale represents a "mini-population bottleneck" and subsequent emergence of a rare dominant mutation