Increasing decayed, missing and filled teeth index among school children in Loja, Spain

Objetivo. Identificar variables clínicas, socioeconómicas y de hábitos alimentarios e higiénicos, predictoras del incremento del índice (DMFT, por sus siglas en inglés) de dientes definitivos que están cariados, ausentes por caries y obturados en la cohorte de escolares de la localidad de Loja, Granada, España, en un trienio (1994-1997). Material y métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo sobre 812 alumnos a los que se les realizó una exploración dental siguiendo la metodología recomendada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Para la construcción de modelos se usa la metodología de regresión logística. Resultados. El índice DMFT de toda la cohorte pasó de 1.86 a 4.5 (en el trienio y en los miembros de la cohorte de 12 años, de 3.71 a 4.47). El DMFT medio está asociado con el incremento del DMFT final. La asistencia al colegio 3 tiene un riesgo relativo (RR) de 0.69 (IC 95% 0.60-0.8) frente a la asistencia al colegio 4, y un RR de 0.78 (IC 95% 0.67-0.90) frente a la asistencia al colegio 5. Conclusión. En el modelo final se encontró que el riesgo de incrementar la caries es por el DMFT medio del trienio, y que el factor protector es la asistencia al colegio 3.Objective. To identify the clinical, socioeconomic, dietary, and hygienic predictors of the increasing Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, in a cohort of school children in Loja, Granada, Spain, during a three-year period (1994-1997). Material and methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 812 students to measure the DMFT index, using the methods recommended by the World Health Organization. Statistical analysis was conducted using logistic regression models. Results. During the study period, the DMFT index increased from 1.86 to 4.5 for the study cohort as a whole, and from 3.71 to 4.47 among twelve-year olds. The DMFT at mid-period was associated to an increase in the final DMFT. The relative risk for attending school no. 3 was 0.69 (95% CI 0.60-0.8) vs. school no. 4, and 0.78 (95% CI 0.67-0.90) vs. school no. 5. Conclusions. The final model showed that the DMFT at midperiod was a risk factor for an increase in the DMFT index and that attending school number 3 was a protective factor

Caracterización de estudiantes desde sus potencialidades y talentos académicos en la región de Antofagasta, Chile

Universitas Psychologica, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1327-1340.La coyuntura actual de políticas educativas de cobertura, calidad, equidad y diversidad imponen desafíos a los establecimientos educacionales, especialmente a los municipales, los cuales deben desarrollar estrategias orientadas a satisfacer las necesidades de los estudiantes que se encuentran en sus aulas, capitalizando sus fortalezas. Esta investigación es de naturaleza exploratoria con una metodología mixta explicativa. Se presentan los resultados de la primera fase del estudio que corresponde al análisis de proyectos educativos y a la caracterización de estudiantes sobresalientes. Se analizaron los resultados obtenidos de 1.536 estudiantes provenientes de 18 establecimientos educacionales de las comunas de Antofagasta y Calama (Chile). A partir del análisis y de acuerdo a indicadores de talento académico, la muestra fue caracterizada en cuatro grupos de estudiantes: estudiantes sobresalientes, sub-nominados, sobre-exigidos y promedio. La categoría de estudiantes subnominados plantea cuestionamientos referentes a la metodología de identificación de estudiantes con talento en los programas chilenos, fuertemente cimentada en la nominación docente. Se advierte la necesidad de generar rutas alternativas, como la autonominación. Para concluir, se hacen algunas sugerencias alrededor de las políticas públicas en relación con la educación para estudiantes sobresalientes en particular para Chile, pero pueden ser en buena medida transferidas a otros casos a través de Iberoamérica

Modelado matemático del equilibrio líquido vapor de mostos de Agave cocui

One of the more interesting tools is currently available to analyze and predict the behavior of a system is the construction and subsequent simulation of a mathematical model. The cocuy, is an alcoholic beverage produced by hand from the distillation of fermented mash of Agave cocui. The aim of this study was the experimental model mathematically constant pressure of the concentrations obtained by chromatography Agave cocui musts representing vapor-liquid equilibrium in the distillation of said wort data. In the particular case of ELV must Agave cocui empirical, quantitative, stochastic and descriptive for adjusting the experimental data obtained mathematical models are used. The Centurion XV StatGraphics software was used to fit the data to the mathematical model and validated statistically. The mathematical models were fitted to the experimental data at constant pressure ELV describing and/or predicting the behavior of the components analyzed, serving as basis for the determination of the compositions of the ELV, which is important to model and simulate the process artisanal distillation of musts Agave cocui allowing contribute to improving the quality of alcoholic beverage obtained.Una de las herramientas más interesantes que actualmente se tiene disponible para analizar y predecir el comportamiento de un sistema es la construcción y posterior simulación de un modelo matemático. El cocuy, es una bebida alcohólica producida artesanalmente de la destilación de mostos fermentados de Agave cocui. El objetivo de este estudio fue modelar matemáticamente los datos experimentales a presión constante de las concentraciones obtenidas por cromatografía de los mostos de Agave cocui que representan el equilibrio líquido-vapor en la destilación de dicho mosto. En el caso particular del ELV de mostos de Agave cocui se emplean modelos matemáticos empíricos, cuantitativos, estocásticos y descriptivos para el ajuste de los datos experimentales obtenidos. Se empleó el software StatGraphics Centurion XV para ajustar los datos al modelo matemático y validarlos estadísticamente. Los modelos matemáticos que se ajustaron a los datos experimentales del ELV a presión constante permiten describir y/o predecir el comportamiento de los componentes analizados, sirviendo como base a la determinación de las composiciones del ELV, lo cual es importante para modelar y simular el proceso de destilación artesanal de mostos de Agave cocui permitiendo así contribuir con el mejoramiento de la calidad de la bebida alcohólica obtenida

Newborns and low to moderate prenatal environmental lead exposure: Might fathers be the key?

This study is part of the BioMadrid Project, a bio-monitoring study designed to assess pollutants in the environment surrounding children born in the Madrid region. Our aim in this report is to evaluate the association between prenatal lead exposure and fetal development using three biological samples (maternal and paternal blood lead at around 34 weeks of gestation as well as cord blood lead levels), three biomarkers of effect in cord blood peripheral lymphocytes (micronucleus in binucleated cells, nucleoplasmic bridges, and nuclear buds), and different anthropometrical characteristics at birth. Maternal and cord blood lead were not associated with newborn measurements or genotoxicity biomarkers. In contrast, increases in father blood lead were coupled with lower weight (mean difference (MD), -110.8 g; 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), -235.6 to 6.00; p < 0.10) and shorter abdominal (MD, -0.81 cm; 95%CI, -1.64 to 0.00; p < 0.05) and cephalic (MD, -0.32 cm; 95%CI, -0.65 to 0.00; p < 0.05) circumferences at birth as well as with the presence of nucleoplasmic bridges (odds ratio, 1.03; 95%CI, 1.00 to 1.06; p < 0.05) and nuclear buds (odds ratio, 1.02; 95%CI, 0.99 to 1.04; p < 0.10). These associations were mainly confined to female babies, in whom paternal lead was also inversely associated with length. Our results support the hypothesis that paternal lead exposure may be affecting the development of newborns.Financial support was obtained from the Madrid Regional Health and Consumer Affairs Authority and the Spanish Health Research Fund (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS) grant PI040777). Dr. Esther Garcia-Esquinas was supported by a Río Hortega (CM10/00332) research training grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Carlos III Institute of Health) and by the Enrique Nájera predoctoral grant awarded by the Spanish Society of Epidemiology and funded by the National School of Public Health.Peer reviewe

Research priorities for maintaining biodiversity’s contributions to people in Latin America

Maintaining biodiversity is crucial for ensuring human well-being. The authors participated in a workshop held in Palenque, Mexico, in August 2018, that brought together 30 mostly early-career scientists working in different disciplines (natural, social and economic sciences) with the aim of identifying research priorities for studying the contributions of biodiversity to people and how these contributions might be impacted by environmental change. Five main groups of questions emerged: (1) Enhancing the quantity, quality, and availability of biodiversity data; (2) Integrating different knowledge systems; (3) Improved methods for integrating diverse data; (4) Fundamental questions in ecology and evolution; and (5) Multi-level governance across boundaries. We discuss the need for increased capacity building and investment in research programmes to address these challenges

Cytogenetic status in newborns and their parents in Madrid: The BioMadrid study

Monitoring cytogenetic damage is frequently used to assess population exposure to environmental mutagens. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay is one of the most widely used methods employed in these studies. In the present study we used this assay to assess the baseline frequency of micronuclei in a healthy population of father-pregnant woman-newborn trios drawn from two Madrid areas. We also investigated the association between micronucleus frequency and specific socioeconomic, environmental, and demographic factors collected by questionnaire. Mercury, arsenic, lead, and cadmium blood levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The association between micronucleated cell frequency and the variables collected by questionnaire, as well as, the risk associated with the presence of elevated levels of metals in blood, was estimated using Poisson models, taking the number of micronucleated cells in 1,000 binucleated cells (MNBCs) as the dependent variable. Separate analyses were conducted for the 110 newborns, 136 pregnant women, and 134 fathers in whom micronuclei could be assessed. The mean number of micronucleated cells per 1,000 binucleated cells was 3.9, 6.5, and 6.1 respectively. Our results show a statistically significant correlation in MNBC frequency between fathers and mothers, and between parents and newborns. Elevated blood mercury levels in fathers were associated with significantly higher MNBC frequency, compared with fathers who had normal mercury levels (RR:1.21; 95%CI:1.02-1.43). This last result suggests the need to implement greater control over populations which, by reason of their occupation or life style, are among those most exposed to this metal.Peer reviewe

Ciencia Odontológica 2.0

Libro que muestra avances de la Investigación Odontológica en MéxicoEs para los integrantes de la Red de Investigación en Estomatología (RIE) una enorme alegría presentar el segundo de una serie de 6 libros sobre casos clínicos, revisiones de la literatura e investigaciones. La RIE está integrada por cuerpos académicos de la UAEH, UAEM, UAC y UdeG

Manejo de emociones en estudiantes universitarios

Los embutidos son alimentos procesados a base de carnes rojas. Para mantener sus propiedades por más tiempo contienen conservadores, como los nitratos y nitritos, los cuales son sales de actividad antimicrobiana que dan el color rojo de la carne; sin embargo, el consumo excesivo de estas sustancias resulta dañino para el organismo. La toxicidad de estas sales afecta la estabilidad de la hemoglobina y puede resultar cancerígena, por lo cual es importante conocer el impacto que pueden tener en la salud, así como la ingesta máxima diaria de estos productos.&nbsp