8 research outputs found

    Perfil de utilización del carbonato de litio en pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar en 25 ciudades de Colombia

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    Introduction: Lithium is the drug of choice for the treatment of bipolar affective disorder.Objective: To define lithium therapeutic profile and adverse reactions to its use in patients with bipolar affective disorder in Colombia.Materials and methods: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study between January 1 and December 31, 2013, which included patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder treated with lithium carbonate in 25 Colombian cities; we evaluated socio-demographic variables, lithium dose, co-medication, drug interactions and adverse reactions. A multivariate analysis was done using SPSS 22.0.Results: The 331 patients had an average age of 44.5 ± 13.9 years; 59.2% were women. The mean dose of lithium was 898 ± 294 mg/day; 22% received doses lower than recommended, and patients had received lithium for 38.0 ± 39.5 months (range: 12-159 months). Lithium levels in blood had been measured only in 13.5% of patients; 71.3% of them had received adjuvant therapy for bipolar disorder with other drugs, especially clozapine (16.6%) and valproic acid (16.6%). The main comorbidities were hypothyroidism (18.1%) and hypertension (12.7%); 390 potentially toxic drug interactions were found, and adverse reactions were reported in 1.2% of patients. A statistically significant association was found between a lower risk of combination therapy and receiving treatment in the cities of Bogotá (OR=0.4, p=0.025), Cartagena (OR=0.3, p=0.015) and Ibagué (OR=0.3, p=0.025).Conclusion: Lithium was generally used at recommended doses and intervals, but a significant percentage of patients received lower doses than those recommended, and it was not possible to compare with lithium levels in blood. Adverse reactions and blood lithium levels reporting should be improved in patients with bipolar disorder in Colombia.Introducción. El litio es el medicamento de elección para el tratamiento del trastorno afectivo bipolar.Objetivo. Determinar el perfil de uso y las reacciones secundarias del litio en pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectiva entre el 1° de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2013, en pacientes con diagnóstico de trastorno afectivo bipolar tratados con carbonato de litio en 25 ciudades colombianas. Se evaluaron las variables sociodemográficas, las dosis del litio, la medicación simultánea con otros fármacos, las interacciones medicamentosas y las reacciones adversas. Se hizo un análisis multivariado utilizando el programa SPSS 22.0®.Resultados. La edad promedio de los 331 pacientes fue de 44,5 ± 13,9 años, 59,2 % de ellos eran mujeres, la dosis promedio de litio fue de 898 ± 294 mg/día, y 22 % recibía dosis inferiores a las recomendadas; los participantes habían recibido el medicamento durante 38,0 ± 39,5 meses en promedio (rango: 12-159 meses), y solo a 13,5 % de ellos se les había hecho el análisis de litio en sangre. El 71,3 % recibía otros medicamentos como tratamiento coadyuvante para el trastorno afectivobipolar, especialmente clozapina (16,6 %) y ácido valproico (16,6 %). Las principales enfermedades concomitantes fueron el hipotiroidismo (18,1 %) y la hipertensión arterial (12,7 %). Se encontraron 390 interacciones medicamentosas potencialmente tóxicas y se reportaron reacciones secundarias en 1,2 % de los casos. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa con un menor riesgo de recibir tratamiento combinado en pacientes tratados en las ciudades de Bogotá (odds ratio,OR=0,4; p=0,025), Cartagena (OR=0,3; p=0,015) e Ibagué (OR=0,3; p=0,025).Conclusiones. El litio se administraba en las dosis e intervalos recomendados, pero un porcentaje significativo recibía dosis inferiores a las recomendadas y no fue posible contrastar el efecto con los niveles de litio en suero. Se debe mejorar el reporte de reacciones adversas y la medición de los niveles de litio en suero en los pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar en Colombia

    Caracterización entomológica del dengue en el Departamento de Risaralda, Colombia, 2011 – 2012

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    El dengue es una enfermedad metaxénica, endemoepidémica en diferentes regiones de Colombia. Sin embargo, pocos estudios entomológicos se realizan, por lo cual es importante la caracterización del vector por diferentes indicadores.Dengue is a metaxenic disease, endemoepidemic in different regions of Colombia. However, few entomological studies has been made, then is of utmost importance to make characterization of its vector by different indexes

    Caracterización entomológica del Dengue en el Departamento de Risaralda, Colombia, 2011-2012.

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    Introducción: El dengue es una enfermedad metaxénica, endemoepidémica en diferentes regiones de Colombia. Sin embargo pocos estudios entomológicos se realizan, por lo cual es importante la caracterización del vector por diferentes indicadores. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional evaluando la presencia de larvas y/o pupas de Aedes aegypti y los índices aédico, de depósitos, de Bretau, en barrios de los municipios de Risaralda, Colombia, en 2011-2012. Resultados: Se evaluó un total de 2420 barrios, en los 14 municipios (14,8% La Virginia; 12,7% Santuario y 9,7% Marsella). Se inspeccionaron 57352 casas (mediana 12/barrio, mínimo 1-máximo 324), de las cuales 2.645 fueron positivas (4,6% índice aédico crudo). Se evaluaron70657 depósitos (mediana 17/barrio, 0-399) de los cuales 2987 fueron positivos (4,2% índice de depósitos crudo; 5,2% índice de Bretau crudo). Para Pereira (capital) se tuvo un índice aédico promedio de 11,76% (9,13% depósitos y 23,24% Bretau), seguido por La Virginia (municipio parte de la zona metropolitana de Risaralda) con 9,76% (8,24% depósitos y 11,1% Bretau) y Belén de Umbría con 6,72% (4,66% depósitos y 6,76% Bretau). Conclusiones: Como se esperaba los mayores índices correspondieron a las zonas más urbanas (Pereira y La Virginia). Esto concuerda con lo que reportan otros estudios a nivel epidemiológico donde dichas zonas muestran las mayores tasas de incidencia del dengue, por lo cual se desprende la importancia de relacionar las tasas entomológicas con las epidemiológicas para evaluar su importancia en términos de la transmisión vectorial en la región, así como otras variables ecológicas y sociales de importancia en dicho comportamiento

    Caracterización entomológica del dengue en el Departamento de Risaralda, Colombia, 2011 – 2012

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    El dengue es una enfermedad metaxénica, endemoepidémica en diferentes regiones de Colombia. Sin embargo, pocos estudios entomológicos se realizan, por lo cual es importante la caracterización del vector por diferentes indicadores.Dengue is a metaxenic disease, endemoepidemic in different regions of Colombia. However, few entomological studies has been made, then is of utmost importance to make characterization of its vector by different indexes

    Data_Sheet_1_How has research on the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccination been evaluated: a scope review with emphasis on CoronaVac.docx

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    IntroductionThe control of the COVID-19 epidemic has been focused on the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. All developed vaccines have reported safety and efficacy results in preventing infection and its consequences, although the quality of evidence varies depending on the vaccine considered. Different methodological designs have been used for their evaluation, which can influence our understanding of the effects of these interventions. CoronaVac is an inactivated vaccine, and it has been assessed in various studies, including clinical trials and observational studies. Given these differences, our objective was to explore the published information to answer the question: how has the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of CoronaVac been evaluated in different studies? This is to identify potential gaps and challenges to be addressed in understanding its effect.MethodsA scoping review was carried out following the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, which included studies carried out in humans as of 2020, corresponding to systematic reviews, clinical trials, analytical or descriptive observational studies, in which the effectiveness and/or safety of vaccines for COVID19 were evaluated or described. There were no age restrictions for the study participants.ResultsThe efficacy/effectiveness and safety of this vaccine was assessed through 113 studies. Nineteen corresponded to experimental studies, 7 of Phase II, 5 of Phase IV, and 4 were clinical trials with random assignment. Although some clinical trials with random assignment have been carried out, these have limitations in terms of feasibility, follow-up times, and with this, the possibility of evaluating safety outcomes that occur with low frequencies. Not all studies have used homogeneous methods of analysis. Both the prevention of infection, and the prevention of outcomes such as hospitalization or death, have been valued through similar outcomes, but some through multivariate analysis of dependencies, and others through analysis that try to infer causally through different control methods of confounding.ConclusionPublished information on the evaluation of the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of the CoronaVac is abundant. However, there are differences in terms of vaccine application schedules, population definition, outcomes evaluated, follow-up times, and safety assessment, as well as non-standardization in the reporting of results, which may hinder the generalizability of the findings. It is important to generate meetings and consensus strategies for the methods and reporting of this type of studies, which will allow to reduce the heterogeneity in their presentation and a better understanding of the effect of these vaccines.</p
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