Gastropods In Seagrass Beds Of Tongkeina Beach Waters, Manado North Sulawesi

The Tongkeina coastal waters have relatively extensive tidal areas. In addition to the seagrass community, there are also distinctive coastal communities such as mangroves and coral reefs. Coastal resources in this region are often used by the local community as a food source and have been used as a place of recreation and hotels as well. This is the reason for this study to find out the existence of gastropods on the seagrass beds in the Tongkeina area. It is expected that this study will provide information on the development and existence of the gastropods in coping with the pressure due to the construction of the hotel several years before. The methods of analysis used in this study including identification of gastropods, density, dominance, and diversity. The same research has been conducted several years before, and therefore this information was used as a comparison of the development of gastropods in the area. Thirty-five species (23 genera) were identified, with the highest density recorded was Nassarius gruneri, 0.8667 Individual/m², the dominance of 0.13972, and diversity (H'= 2.6853) which is greater than the results of the previous study 5 years ago (H’=1,9382). These results indicate that these waters are in the process of improving from previous environmental conditions.Keywords : Gastropod, coastal, domination, diversity, Tongkeina. ABSTRAKPerairan pesisir Tongkeina memiliki wilayah pasang surut relatif luas. Selain komunitas Lamun,   juga  terdapat komunitas khas wilayah pesisir lainnya seperti Mangrove dan Terumbu karang. Sumber daya pesisir di wilayah ini  sering digunakan  untuk kebutuhan makanan masyarakat, di samping itu telah dimanfaatkan sebagai tempat rekreasi dan  Hotel. Hal ini menjadi alasan untuk mengetahui keberadaan Gastropoda di hamparan Lamun di daerah Tongkeina.  Diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi perkembangan keberadaan Gastropoda, setelah melewati tekanan akibat dibangunnya hotel sejak beberapa tahun sebelumnya. Metoda analisis yaitu jenis-jenis Gastropoda, kepadatan, dominasi, dan keanekaragaman. Hal yang sama juga telah dilakukan beberapa tahun sebelumnya, sehingga informasi ini dapat dijadikan pembanding perkembangan Gastropoda di daerah tersebut. Diperoleh 35 spesies (23 genera), kepadatan tertinggi adalah Nassarius gruneri, 0.8667 Ind/m², dominasi sebesar 0.13972, dan keanekaragamannya (H’= 2.6853) lebih besar dari hasil penelitian  5 tahun sebelumnya yaitu . 1,9382. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa perairan tersebut berada dalam proses perbaikan kondisi lingkungannya.Kata Kunci : Gastropoda, pesisir, dominasi, keanekaragaman, Tongkeina

Environmental Factors of the Home Affect the Density of Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

The transmission of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes is influenced by climate change and several environmental factors, namely light intensity, CO2, temperature, humidity, housing condition, drainage, and vegetation. This study aims to identify the relationship between environmental factors and dengue vector population density. This research applies an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in 2012, in the city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in 39 houses in the Kricak Village and in 50 houses in the Prenggan Village. Data were collected by observation, interview, and completing checklists, as well as by measuring environmental variables. The differential effect of various factors influencing mosquito density was tested using an independent sample t-test for physical environmental factors and chi-square test for the variable physical condition of the house, biologically relevant environmental factors, drainage, residential density, and the distance between houses. The probability value was p <0.05. The results showed that differences in the physical environment, the physical condition of the house, residential density, and vegetation, all affect the density of dengue vector mosquitoes in the villages of Kricak and Prenggan. The need of raising public awareness about healthy living and care for the environment, along with advocacy to stakeholders, is important for vector density control

Análisis de la relación en la percepción del alumnado de conductas docentes y diferentes consecuencias positivas en Educación Física

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación entre la percepción del alumnado de las conductas docentes, evaluadas a través del modelo circular, con su satisfacción de las NPB, de la novedad y variedad de tareas, así como la intención de práctica de AF, la diversión y el aprendizaje en el alumnado en EF. Además, se examinó qué variables predecían estas consecuencias positivas.En el estudio participaron 35 alumnos y 50 alumnas pertenecientes a 3º de la ESO, 4º de la ESO y 1º de Bachillerato de un centro público. Todos los alumnos cumplimentaron los siguientes cuestionarios, en sus adaptaciones españolas, de manera digital: Situations in School Questionnaire (SIS), la Escala de Satisfacción y Frustración de las Necesidades Psicológicas básicas (BPNSNFS), la Escala de Satisfacción y Frustración de la Novedad (NNSFS), la Escala de Percepción de Variedad en los Ejercicios (PVE), el Cuestionario de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planeado, la Escala de diversión/aburrimiento en la Educación Física (SS-IF) y una pregunta ad-hoc para evaluar la percepción del alumnado de su aprendizaje en EF. Para el cálculo de los resultados, se realizó un análisis de estadísticos descriptivos, así como un análisis de correlaciones bivariadas y tres análisis de regresión.Los resultados del trabajo mostraron que las conductas motivacionales positivas correlacionaron positiva y significativamente con la diversión y el aprendizaje percibido. Por otra parte, las conductas participativas fueron las únicas que predijeron las tres consecuencias positivas examinadas en el presente estudio. Concretamente, el estilo estructurado (de apoyo a la competencia) se mostró como la variable que predijo las tres consecuencias positivas. Se destaca la importancia de las conductas motivacionales positivas, en concreto, las participativas y las pertenecientes al estilo estructurado para favorecer consecuencias positivas en el alumnado.<br /

Impact of using an evidence-based clinical guideline for the management of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children

Objective: To analyze changes in the therapeutic approach at a tertiary care hospital following the implementation of a clinical guideline for the treatment of primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children. Population and methods: Retrospective study conducted in a cohort of patients with primary VUR (1989-2015) aged 0-15 years at a tertiary care hospital. The therapeutic approach before and after the development of the clinical guideline (2008) was compared. Results: A total of 297 patients (49.8% boys, 50.2% girls) were included; their mean age at the time of diagnosis was 21.71 months. VUR grading was: VUR I-III 45.1%, VUR IV-V 54, 9%; 124 were treated after the implementation of the clinical guideline (group 1), and 173, before (group 2). The mean follow-up period was 124.32 months. A conservative approach was the initial treatment in 70.3% of group 1 patients and 67.9% of group 2 patients. The number of surgeries remains constant (31.45% versus 31.79%), with an increase in the number of endoscopic surgeries (p< 0.005). The profile of patients has changed based on the application of the algorithm proposed by the guideline. Fewer surgeries were done in patients with VUR IV-V (82.32% versus 59.9%, p= 0.000) and there were fewer cases of kidney damage at diagnosis (49.4% versus 9.8%, p= 0.000). Conclusions: The implementation of the clinical guideline has favored an initially conservative approach in patients with severe grade VUR and nephropathy, for whom surgery was traditionally indicated initially. Using clinical guidelines favors a unanimous, evidence-based approach that reduces the performance of unnecessary invasive procedures

Physical activity and beverage consumption in preschoolers: Focus groups with parents and teachers

Background: Qualitative research is a method in which new ideas and strategies can be discovered. This qualitative study aimed to investigate parents’ and teachers’ opinions on physical activity and beverage consumption of preschool children. Through separate, independent focus groups, they expressed their perceptions on children’s current physical activity and beverage consumption levels, factors that influence and enhance these behaviours, and anticipated barriers to making changes. Methods: Multi-cultural and multi-geographical focus groups were carried out in six European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Poland and Spain). In total, twenty-four focus groups with 122 parents and eighteen focus groups with 87 teachers were conducted between October 2010 and January 2011. Based on a semi-structured interview guide, questions on preschoolers’ physical activity (opinions on preschoolers’ physical factivity, how to increase physical activity, facilitators and barriers of physical activity) and beverage consumption (rules and policies, factors influencing promotion of healthy drinking, recommendations for future intervention development) were asked. The information was analyzed using qualitative data analysis software (NVivo8). Results: The focus group results indicated misperceptions of caregivers on preschoolers’ physical activity and beverage consumption levels. Caregivers perceived preschoolers as sufficiently active; they argue that children need to learn to sit still in preparation for primary school. At most preschools, children can drink only water. In some preschools sugar-sweetened beverages like chocolate milk or fruit juices, are also allowed. It was mentioned that sugar-sweetened beverages can be healthy due to mineral and vitamin content, although according to parents their daily intake is limited. These opinions resulted in low perceived needs to change behaviours. Conclusions: Although previous research shows need of change in obesity-related behaviours, the participants in the current study didn’t perceive such. The awareness of parents and teachers needs to be raised concerning their shared responsibility about healthy behaviours in preschoolers. Providing preschool teachers with ready-to-use classroom material will encourage them to change physical activity and beverage consumption, and to implement related activities in the classroom. Involvement in activities that their children perform at preschool will motivate parents to extend these behaviours to the home environment.

Técnicas de ataque y defensa en los asedios del siglo XIII: ámbito catalano-aragonés y occitano

En las últimas décadas, el estudio sobre los asedios medievales ha conocido una expansión importante, especialmente entre los historiadores franceses y anglo-sajones, a través de los cuales se conocen abundantes datos sobre las guerras transcurridas en ambas áreas culturales para un periodo cronológico extenso. Sin embargo, no se puede decir lo mismo ni respecto al espacio catalán-aragonés y occitano ni para el siglo trece en concreto. Este artículo ofrece algunas de las técnicas de ataque y defensa para los asedios de este mismo periodo y área geográfica, a través del análisis de quince asedios que aparecen en las fuentes catalanas y occitanas. El estudio muestra que en el siglo trece había una gran variedad de técnicas para expugnar ciudades, y la relevancia de ballesteros e ingenieros en la guerra medieval

Effect of hemicellulose liquid phase on the enzymatic hydrolysis of autohydrolyzed Eucalyptus globulus wood

In this work, Eucalyptus globulus wood was pretreated under non-isothermal autohydrolysis process at 210, 220, and 230 °C, obtaining a pretreated solid with high cellulose content and a hemicellulosic liquid phase (HLP) containing mainly xylose, acetic acid, furfural, xylooligosaccharides, and phenolic compounds. The maximum concentration of xylooligosaccharides (8.97 g/L) and phenolic compounds (2.66 g/L) was obtained at 210 and 230 °C, respectively. To evaluate the effect of HLP addition on the enzymatic hydrolysis using unwashed pretreated solid as substrate, different proportions of HLP were studied. Also, in order to use the whole slurry on enzymatic hydrolysis, the supplementation of xylanases was evaluated. Glucose concentration of 107.49 g/L (corresponding to 74.65 % of conversion) was obtained using pretreated solid at 220 °C liquid/solid ratio (LSR) of 4 g/g and enzyme solid ratio (ESR) of 25 FPU/gwithout the addition of HLP. Thus, it was shown that the unwashed pretreated solids are susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis contributing to reduce operational cost (water consumption). Additionally, the influence of the inhibitory compounds in the HLP was shown to affect the enzymatic hydrolysis. Results indicated that 82.52 g/L of glucose (59.37 % of conversion) was obtained, using 100 % of HLP at LSR of 4 g/g and ESR of 16 FPU/g at 210 °C of pretreated solid. However, a positive effect was shown on the enzymatic hydrolysis when the xylanases were added using 100 % of HLP, increasing to 35 and 27 % in the glucose production with respect to whole slurry without addition of xylanases.The authors A. Romani and F. B. Pereira thank to the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for their fellowships (grant number, SFRH/BPD/77995/2011 and SFRH/BD/64776/2009, respectively)

Inequities in energy-balance related behaviours and family environmental determinants in European children : baseline results of the prospective EPHE evaluation study

Background: Tackling inequalities in overweight, obesity and related determinants has become a top priority for the European research and policy agendas. Although it has been established that such inequalities accumulate from early childhood onward, they have not been studied extensively in children. The current article discusses the results of an explorative analysis for the identification of inequalities in behaviours and their determinants between groups with high and low socio-economic status. Methods: This study is part of the Epode for the Promotion of Health Equity (EPHE) evaluation study, the overall aim of which is to assess the impact and sustainability of EPODE methodology to diminish inequalities in childhood obesity and overweight. Seven community-based programmes from different European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Portugal, Romania, The Netherlands) participate in the EPHE study. In each of the communities, children aged 6-8 years participated, resulting in a total sample of 1266 children and their families. A parental self-administrated questionnaire was disseminated in order to assess the socio-economic status of the household, selected energy balance-related behaviours (1. fruit and vegetable consumption; 2. soft drink/fruit juices and water consumption; 3. screen time and 4. sleep duration) of the children and associated family environmental determinants. The Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson's chi-square test were used to test differences between the low and high education groups. The country-specific median was chosen as the cut-off point to determine the educational level, given the different average educational level in every country. Results: Children with mothers of relatively high educational level consumed fruits and vegetables more frequently than their peers of low socio-economic status. The latter group of children had a higher intake of fruit juices and/or soft drinks and had higher screen time. Parental rules and home availability were consistently different between the two socio-economic groups in our study in all countries. However we did not find a common pattern for all behaviours and the variability across the countries was large. Conclusions: Our findings are indicative of socio-economic inequalities in our samples, although the variability across the countries was large. The effectiveness of interventions aimed at chancing parental rules and behaviour on health inequalities should be studied

Empresa, política e innovación social

El contenido de este cuaderno es fruto de la II Semana Internacional de Actualización del Instituto Empresa y Humanismo. Este encuentro se celebra cada dos años y nos permite reflexionar sobre temas de actualidad, siempre desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar, fomentando el diálogo entre la empresa y la universidad. En esta ocasión el tema central fue Empresa, Política e Innovación Social. La legitimidad de las empresas en la sociedad exige que sus esfuerzos por contribuir a la mejora del entorno en el que se desenvuelven sean cada vez más productivos y, al mismo tiempo, compatibles con sus misiones específicas de elaboración de productos y servicios, y de mejora de las personas y la sociedad