tri-n-butyltin hydride-mediated radical reaction of a 2-iodobenzamide: Formation of an unexpected carbon-tin bond

Leonardo S. Santos. Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca - Chile.The tri-n-butyltin hydride-mediated reaction of methyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4-O-trans-cinnamyl -6-deoxy-6-(2-iodobenzoylamino)-a-D-galactopyranoside afforded an unexpected aryltributyltin compound. The structure of this new tetraorganotin(IV) product has been elucidated by 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, COSY and HMQC experiments and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The formation of this new compound via a radical coupling reaction and a radical addition-elimination process is discusse

Agaricus Blazei In The Diet Of Broiler Chickens On Immunity, Serum Parameters And Antioxidant Activity

The effect of adding Agaricus blazei to the diet of broilers on immunity, serum parameters, and antioxidant activity was evaluated. A total of 840 1-day-old chicks were used, distributed among five levels of a completely randomized design (0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% A. blazei), with six replications and 28 birds per experimental unit. The weights of the thymus, spleen and cloacal bursa were not influenced (P > 0.05). Leukocytes, macrophages and nitric oxide were unaffected (P > 0.05), but at each supplementation level compared with the control, differences appeared in the percentages of eosinophils and macrophages (P 0.05) at 42 days. Hypocholesterolemic effect was demonstrated (P 0.05). The antioxidant activity of mushroom showed a positive linear effect (P < 0.05) on DPPH capture on day zero of meat cooling. The inclusion of A. blazei in the diet of broilers provided an immunostimulatory activity and hypocholesterolemic effect. Residual compounds with antioxidant activity were present in the meat, which may promote tissue protection of the animal in vivo, making possible the use of A. blazei as a natural additive.3742235224

Potent and Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity of Analogs from the Scorpion Peptide Stigmurin

Scorpion venom constitutes a rich source of biologically active compounds with high potential for therapeutic and biotechnological applications that can be used as prototypes for the design of new drugs. The aim of this study was to characterize the structural conformation, evaluate the antimicrobial activity, and gain insight into the possible action mechanism underlying it, for two new analog peptides of the scorpion peptide Stigmurin, named StigA25 and StigA31. The amino acid substitutions in the native sequence for lysine residues resulted in peptides with higher positive net charge and hydrophobicity, with an increase in the theoretical helical content. StigA25 and StigA31 showed the capacity to modify their structural conformation according to the environment, and were stable to pH and temperature variation-results similar to the native peptide. Both analog peptides demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in vitro, showing an effect superior to that of the native peptide, being non-hemolytic at the biologically active concentrations. Therefore, this study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of the analog peptides from Stigmurin and the promising approach of rational drug design based on scorpion venom peptide to obtain new anti-infective agents.publishersversionpublishe

Desenvolvimento de uma versão portuguesa do nutritional risk screening NRS 2002

O Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) é um instrumento que foi desenvolvido pela Danish Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Trata-se de um sistema válido que permite detetar a presença do risco de desnutrição ou de desnutrição em indivíduos hospitalizados e que é aplicado pelos profissionais de saúde. Procedeu-se ao desenvolvimento de uma versão para a língua Portuguesa do NRS 2002 com equivalência linguística e cultural ao original, recorrendo à metodologia proposta pela Organização Mundial da Saúde "Processo de tradução e de adaptação de instrumentos". Realizou-se uma tradução avançada e a retrotradução, através das seguintes etapas: tradução (1.ª etapa), retrotradução efetuada por um ou mais especialistas (2.ª etapa), pré-teste (3.ª etapa) e preparação da versão final (4.ª etapa). Este artigo tem como objetivo divulgar este processo e também a versão Portuguesa do NRS 2002.The Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) is a tool that was developed by the Danish Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. It is a valid system that allows the detection of the risk of undernutrition or of undernutrition in hospitalized individuals and is applied by health professionals. A Portuguese language version of NRS 2002 was developed with linguistic and cultural equivalence to the original using the WHO proposed methodology "Process of translation and adaptation of instruments". Advanced translation and back-translation were carried out through the following steps: translation (1st stage), back-translation performed by one or more specialists (2nd stage), pre test (3rd stage) and preparation of the final version (4th stage). This article aims to describe this process and also the Portuguese version of NRS 2002

Kinin B1 receptor controls maternal adiponectin levels and influences offspring weight gain

Given the importance of the kinin B1 receptor in insulin and leptin hormonal regulation, which in turn is crucial in maternal adaptations to ensure nutrient supply to the fetus, we investigated the role of this receptor in maternal metabolism and fetoplacental development. Wild-type and kinin B1 receptor-deficient (B1KO) female mice were mated with male mice of the opposite genotype. Consequently, the entire litter was heterozygous for kinin B1 receptor, ensuring that there would be no influence of offspring genotype on the maternal phenotype. Maternal kinin B1 receptor blockade reduces adiponectin secretion by adipose tissue ex vivo, consistent with lower adiponectin levels in pregnant B1KO mice. Furthermore, fasting insulinemia also increased, which was associated with placental insulin resistance, reduced placental glycogen accumulation, and heavier offspring. Therefore, we propose the combination of chronic hyperinsulinemia and reduced adiponectin secretion in B1KO female mice create a maternal obesogenic environment that results in heavier pups

Potassium acetate solution as a promising option to osmotic distillation for sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) juice concentration

Different osmotic agents (OA), such as potassium acetate (CH3COOK), potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), have been examined as alternatives to the traditionally used calcium chloride (CaCl2) for osmotic distillation concentrating of clarified and pre-concentrated sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) juice. Comparison of the process performances based on the permeate fluxes has been carried out. Regarding the permeate flux results, simplified estimation of the overall mass transfer coefficient of the most effective osmotic agent and the reference (CaCl2) solution has been also performed. Furthermore, analytical methods such as total antioxidant activity (TAA) and total polyphenolic content (TPC) using spectrophotometric assays have been also carried out to evaluate the effect of the osmotic distillation on the valuable compounds content of concentrated sour cherry juice. CH3COOK was found to be the most effective, resulted more than 25% higher permeate flux during the sour cherry juice concentration. K2CO3 and NH4NO3 were less effective. The simplified mass transfer estimation showed that the CH3COOK is more effective only at near saturated concentrations compared to the CaCl2. Regarding the TAA and TPC contents, a significant loss was found in case of all OAs during the concentration procedures