The Vectorial Potential of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia and Lutzomyia (N.) whitmani in the Transmission of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis Can Also Be Related to Proteins Attaching

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-09-14T17:38:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carlos_alves_etal_IOC_2010.pdf: 1073727 bytes, checksum: 4742cbf7fc577a98aa2392af0ff44c04 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-09-14T17:47:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carlos_alves_etal_IOC_2010.pdf: 1073727 bytes, checksum: 4742cbf7fc577a98aa2392af0ff44c04 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-14T17:47:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carlos_alves_etal_IOC_2010.pdf: 1073727 bytes, checksum: 4742cbf7fc577a98aa2392af0ff44c04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

IT governance frameworks: A literature review of Brazilian publications

IT (Information Technology) governance has been a widely studied subject. This has generated different definitions and conceptual models to explain it. We conduct a concept-centric literature review based on a literature reference model. We used three literature frameworks to identify key-variables to evaluate and classify Brazilian IT governance publications. These variables were used to classify 90 Brazilian publications from 2004 to 2012. The authors chose Brazil due to its economic growth and companies’ internationalization on the last years. The organizations are fonder to regulatory and compliance marks due to market visibility, driving them towards IT governance practices due to growing dependence on IT. The frameworks used in the country are usually developed abroad - then verification on how they fit with Brazilian organizations is relevant to business management. The study shows that; the most used methodology is the case study; 90% of the papers were written in Portuguese; the IT alignment is cited, but not evaluated; few cases are related to small and medium business; and decision structures are not discussed. The authors conclude presenting a conceptual model summarizing all the models and Brazilian companies’ particularities

Concurrent training in prepubertal children: an update

This paper affords an update review over the state of art regarding the importance of physical fitness and the significance of different combination approaches between resistance and aerobic training, as well as conditioning methods exercise alone on physical fitness improvements, specifically explosive strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in prepubertal children. The main research conclusions can be summarized as: i) Resistance training can be reliable to improve muscle strength in prepubertal children; ii) A proper and quantifiable exercise frequency and intensity in aerobic training remains unclear; iii) No differences have been found between prepubertal girls and boys on strength and aerobic capacity improvements after intra-session concurrent training, resistance or aerobic training alone; iv) In adults, concurrent resistance and aerobic training seems to be more effective on improvements of aerobic capacity than aerobic training alone; v) Aerobic training biomechanically specific to the concurrent resistance training may minimize adaptation interference when concurrently training; vi) In adolescents, concurrent resistance and aerobic training is equally effective to improve explosive strength compared to resistance training alone, and more efficient in aerobic capacity than resistance training alone; vii) Optimum training sequence was determined by the individual purposes of the training program; viii) Performing aerobic prior to resistance training produces endurance gains, while performing resistance prior to aerobic training appears to be more adequate to obtain strength improvements; ix) In adults, performing concurrent training in different sessions seems to be more effective to improve muscular strength than intra-session concurrent training. These results can be helpful for coaches, teachers and researchers to optimize explosive strength and cardiorespiratory fitness training in sports club and school-based programs, as well as a reliable source for further researches

Modeling fitness variable responses to training In prepubescent children

The aim of this study was to determine strength and oxygen uptake (VO2max) performances according to different training program intervention design with 8-weeks duration in prepubescent children through a multiple linear regression models. Two hundred and forty-five healthy prepubescent children (aged 10.9 ± 0.5 years) were randomly assigned to a specific training program (strength training only - S; aerobic training only - A; intra-session aerobic and strength training - AS; intra-session strength and aerobic training - SA; or concurrent training performed in different sessions - CT) or a control group (no training regimen - C). It was possible to develop indirect predictive models for each training method, by including each variable pre-training, body fat percentage and body mass index. The models provided explained 82% of variance in the VO2max, 98% in the 1kg ball-throw, 96% in the 3kg ball-throw, 92% in the counter-movement jump, 93% in the standing long jump and 98% in the 20m sprint performances. This novel approach to training evaluation and control aims to provide a tool to allow professionals to calculate changes with a high confidence level (CI 95%), to control gains and to choose the best training methodology to apply according to the defined purposes. The results of this study could be a great support to teachers, coaches and professionals providing important tools to improve the efficacy and individualization of training

Natural extracts from wild flowers used in Portuguese folk medicine like a new antifungal agents against Candida species

The prevalence of opportunistic fungal infections has been increasing dramatically over the recent decades mainly due to the boom of the AIDS epidemic, increasing number of immunocompromised patients and the commonly use of indwelling medical devices. Although Candida albicans has been regarded as the most common causative agent of fungal infection in humans, nowadays other non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species such as Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis, are emerging as significant nosocomial pathogens and with high level of resistance to certain antifungal drugs. So, in the last years the interest in natural compounds has raised, specifically some phenolic extracts which have been known in folk medicine as antimicrobial agents. Thus, this work aimed to perform a screening of the antifungal potential of phenolic extracts of Castanea sativa, Filipendula ulmaria and Rosa micrantha flowers from Northeastern Portugal, against Candida species. The extracts were exhaustively characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS. Hydrolysable tannins were the main group of phenolic compounds in C. sativa and F. ulmaria samples, while flavonoids including procyanidins were the most abundant group in R. micrantha (6090 ± 253 mg/Kg). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined according with the guidelines in National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, M27-A2 document) with some modifications. All extracts revealed promising antifungal effect, with MIC values ranging from concentrations under 0.05 to 0.625 mg/ml. R. micrantha extract showed a strong effect (MIC ≤ 0.155mg/ml) against the four strains assayed. Furthermore, it is also possible to assume that was against C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis that the phenolic extracts showed the highest activity (MIC <0.05mg/ml). Finally, the natural extracts effect was assessed on biofilm formation and on pre-formed biofilms by total biomass quantification using CV staining (1%, v/v). F. ulmaria and R. Micrantha were causative agent of important inhibition and destruction of C. tropicalis biofilms. In summary, the significant antifungal activity of C. sativa, F. ulmaria and R. micrantha revealed in this work, suggest that they could serve as a source of compounds with therapeutic potential against Candida-related infections

Antifungal activity of natural extracts from Northeastern Portuguese flowers against Candida biofilms

In healthy individuals, many species of Candida are endogenous commensals of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. However, the prevalence of opportunistic fungal infections (candidosis) has been increasing dramatically over the recent decades and this is particularly evident in immunocompromised individuals. The importance of candidosis is the potential synergistic effect on virulence and subsequent difficulties encountered in treatment. Moreover, a major virulence factor of Candida is its ability to adapt to a variety of different habitats and the consequent formation of surface attached microbial communities known as biofilms. The resistance of Candida biofilms to antifungal agents was first demonstrated by Hawser et al., 1995. Although most episodes of candidosis are attributed to C. albicans, nowadays non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC), such as C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis have emerged as important pathogens and tend to be inherently less susceptible to commonly used antifungal agents. So, in the last years the interest in natural compounds has increased, specifically some phenolic extracts which have been known in folk medicine as antimicrobial agents. Thus, this work aimed to preform a screening of the antifungal potential of phenolic extracts from Castanea sativa, Filipendula ulmaria and Rosa micrantha flowers against Candida biofilms. The extracts were exhaustively characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS. Hydrolysable tannins were the main group of phenolic compounds in C. sativa and F. ulmaria samples, while flavonoids were the most abundant group in R. micrantha (6090 ± 253 mg/Kg). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined according to the guidelines in NCCLS document M27-A2 with some modifications. All extracts revealed promising antifungal effect, with MIC values ranging from concentrations under 0.05 to 0.625 mg/ml. R. micrantha extract showed a strong effect (MIC ≤ 0.155mg/ml) against all strains tested and, it is also possible to assume that was against C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis that the phenolic extracts showed the highest activity (MIC <0.05mg/ml). Finally, the natural extracts effect was assessed on biofilm formation and on pre-formed biofilms by total biomass quantification using CV staining (1%, v/v). F. ulmaria and R. micrantha were causative agents of important inhibition and destruction of C. tropicalis biofilms. In summary, the significant antifungal activity evident in this work of C. sativa, F. ulmaria and R. micrantha, advise that they could be used as a source of compounds with therapeutic potential against Candida-related infections caused by biofilms

Microbial activity in a degraded Latosol treated with sewage sludge

The degraded soil shows, in general, poor biological activity, considering its physical characteristics, low fertility and organic matter, mainly due to removal or degradation of its superficial layer. The sewage sludge, due to its high content of easily decomposed organic matter can be an alternate source of organic residues and combined to its high content of the principal nutrients for the plants can be an important factor to promote biological activities in degraded soil. In order to study the actions of the sewage sludge in the recovery of a degraded Latosol, the carbon in the microbial biomass (Cmic), the carbon released CO2 (C-CO2) and the relation between microbial and organic carbon (Cmic/Corg) were used as indicators of the effects. To do so, two doses (30 and 60 Mg ha-1) of sewer slime applied in topdressing and incorporated together with a mineral fertilizer treatment, using the eucalyptus as a test crop. A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 repetitions was used. The sewage sludge promoted increase of liberated C-CO2 and the Cmic, which constitute the adequate quality indicators for monitoring the soil recovery.Em geral, os solos degradados se apresentam com fraca atividade biológica, tendo em vista suas características físicas, baixa fertilidade e teores de matéria orgânica, devido principalmente à remoção ou degradação de sua camada superficial. O elevado teor de matéria orgânica facilmente decomposta do lodo de esgoto, que é uma fonte alternativa de resíduos orgânicos, aliado à sua elevada taxa dos principais elementos nutrientes às plantas, pode ser um fator importante do retorno ou incremento da atividade biológica dos solos degradados. Com a finalidade de se estudar as ações do lodo de esgoto na recuperação de um Latossolo degradado, utilizaram-se, como indicadores dos efeitos, o carbono na biomassa microbiana (Cmic), o carbono do CO2 (C-CO2) liberado e a relação entre o carbono microbiano e o carbono orgânico (Cmic/Corg); para isto, foram definidas duas doses de lodo de esgoto aplicadas em cobertura e incorporada, de 30 e 60 Mg ha-1 à base seca, juntamente com um tratamento com fertilizante mineral, utilizando-se o eucalipto como cultura teste. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos e 4 repetições. O lodo de esgoto promove aumento do C-CO2 liberado e do Cmic, os quais constituem indicativos de qualidade adequados ao monitoramento da recuperação do solo.19519