Trascendencia de la formación ética pública en la Licenciatura Ciencias Políticas y Administración Pública

Colocar a la ética en el campo subjetivo la aleja del campo de las profesiones; es oportuno regresarla debido a la crisis sistémica sociocultural, político-económica y ecológica que obliga a re-pensarla. El objetivo es analizar la importancia de la formación ética para el ejercicio de una ética pública a través de los Programas de Estudio de la Licenciatura Ciencias Políticas y Administración Públicas y afines. Metodología: investigación documental de la web de las Instituciones Autónomas de Educación Superior de México. Las instituciones consultadas en su perfil de egreso incluyen la formación actitudinal que permita al egresado prosperar en la búsqueda exitosa de actividades comprometidas con el otro. De 27 programas educativos revisados, 17 ofrecen al menos un curso obligatorio relacionado a la reflexión ética, cinco la ofertan con carácter optativo. Un programa lo excluye. En cuatro de ellas no se logró obtener información. Persisten grandes retos para las Instituciones de Educación Superior en cuestión formativa

The Ethics of Competition in Education and Competitive Exams

Education is a significant part of the development of an individual, and has been considered an important offering for the development of the child into a productive member of society. In the transition from high school to university, in most localities, are competitive exams, necessary to rank highly in or pass in order to attend high-quality universities in the countries, usually, as the name may suggest, with competition. In this paper, a discussion will be had as to the ethics of competition in education and competitive exams, and whether the effects this competition heralds is also ethical. This paper will examine the ethics of two specific exams as well, the JEE in India and the EVAU in Spain as examples of competitive exams and to explore the potential unethicality of these exam

Theoretical study of the conformational energy hypersurface of cyclotrisarcosyl

The multidimensional Conformational Potential Energy Hypersurface (PEHS) of cyclotrisarcosyl was comprehensively investigated at the DFT (B3LYP/6-31G(d), B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)), levels of theory. The equilibrium structures, their relative stability, and the Transition State (TS) structures involved in the conformational interconversion pathways were analyzed. Aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and MP2/6-31G(d)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) single point calculations predict a symmetric cis-cis-cis crown conformation as the energetically preferred form for this compound, which is in agreement with the experimental data. The conformational interconversion between the global minimum and the twist form requires 20.88 kcal mol-1 at the MP2/6-31G(d)//B3LYP/6- 311++G(d,p) level of theory. Our results allow us to form a concise idea about the internal intricacies of the PEHSs of this cyclic tripeptide, describing the conformations as well as the conformational interconversion processes in this hypersurface. In addition, a comparative analysis between the conformational behaviors of cyclotrisarcosyl with that previously reported for cyclotriglycine was carried out.Fil: Alvarez, Maria de Los Angeles. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Química; ArgentinaFil: Saavedra, Edgardo J.. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Olivella, Mónica Susana. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Química; ArgentinaFil: Suvire, Fernando Daniel. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Química; ArgentinaFil: Zamora, Miguel Angel. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Química; ArgentinaFil: Enriz, Ricardo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Química; Argentin

BlsA is a low to moderate temperature blue light photoreceptor in the human pathogen acinetobacter baumannii

Light is an environmental signal that produces extensive effects on the physiology of the human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. Many of the bacterial responses to light depend on BlsA, a bluelight using FAD (BLUF)-type photoreceptor, which also integrates temperature signals. In this work, we disclose novel mechanistic aspects of the function of BlsA. First, we show that light modulation of motility occurs only at temperatures lower than 24◦C, a phenotype depending on BlsA. Second, blsA transcript levels were significantly reduced at temperatures higher than 25◦C, in agreement with BlsA protein levels in the cell which were undetectable at 26◦C and higher temperatures. Also, quantum yield of photo-activation of BlsA (lBlsA) between 14 and 37◦C, showed that BlsA photoactivity is greatly compromised at 25◦C and absent above 28◦C. Fluorescence emission and anisotropy of the cofactor together with the intrinsic protein fluorescence studies suggest that the FAD binding site is more susceptible to structural changes caused by increments in temperature than other regions of the protein. Moreover, BlsA itself gains structural instability and strongly aggregates at temperatures above 30◦C. Overall, BlsA is a low to moderate temperature photoreceptor, whose functioning is highly regulated in the cell, with control points at expression of the cognate gene as well as photoactivity.Fil: Golic, Adrián Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos; ArgentinaFil: Valle, Lorena. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Instituto de Bionanotecnología del Noa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Bionanotecnología del Noa; ArgentinaFil: Jaime, Paula Constanza. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Instituto de Bionanotecnología del Noa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Bionanotecnología del Noa; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Clarisa Ester. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos; ArgentinaFil: Parodi, Clarisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos; ArgentinaFil: Borsarelli, Claudio Darío. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Instituto de Bionanotecnología del Noa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Bionanotecnología del Noa; ArgentinaFil: Abatedaga, Maria Ines de Los Angeles. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Instituto de Bionanotecnología del Noa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Bionanotecnología del Noa; ArgentinaFil: Mussi, María Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos; Argentin

HFE gene mutations and iron status in healthy volunteers from northwestern Argentina

Introducción: La proteína HFE (Human hemochromatosis protein) es codificada por el gen HFE y participa en la regulación del metabolismo del hierro. Tres variantes alélicas del gen HFE se han correlacionado con la hemocromatosis hereditaria: C282Y, H63D y S65C. Objetivos: Establecer la prevalencia de las mutaciones más frecuentes en el gen HFE en una población de individuos aparentemente sanos y estudiar su relación con el metabolismo del hierro. Materiales y Métodos: Sesenta y nueve individuos (48 mujeres y 21 hombres) fueron analizados durante el período de septiembre de 2015 a agosto de 2018 en Tucumán, Argentina. Se determinó hemograma, hierro, transferrina, saturación y ferritina. Las mutaciones en el gen HFE se efectuaron mediante PCR en tiempo real. Resultados: La prevalencia fue del 28 % (19/69; IC95% = 18-39%). El 9 % (6/69) presentó mutación heterocigota C282Y y 19 % (13/69; 11 heterocigotos y 2 homocigotos), en codón 63 (H63D). No se detectó la mutación S65C. En los individuos que no portaban mutación, los parámetros de la serie roja y el análisis de hierro fueron más altos en los hombres que en las mujeres (p 0,05). Conclusiones: Este es el primer estudio que muestra la frecuencia de las tres variantes del gen de la hemocromatosis en el noroeste argentino. La mutación más prevalente fue la H63D. La presencia de la mutación en el gen HFE no resultó en una sobrecarga bioquímica significativa de hierro.Introduction: The HFE protein, encoded by the HFE gene, participates in iron homeostasis regulation. Three allelic variants of the HFE gene have been correlated with hereditary hemochromatosis: C282Y, H63D and S65C. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of the most frequent mutations in the HFE gene in an apparently healthy population of northwestern Argentina, and to study its relationship with iron metabolism. Materials and Methods: Sixty-nine individuals (48 women and 21 men) were analyzed during the period September 2015-August 2018 in Tucumán, Argentina. Total blood count and iron parameters were measured. Mutations in the HFE gene were determined by real-time PCR. Results: The prevalence was 28% (19/69; CI95%= 18-39%). Nine percent (9%, 6/69) had a heterozygous C282Y mutation, and 19% showed an H63D mutation (13/69; 11 heterozygous and 2 homozygous). The S65C mutation was not detected. Red blood cell parameters and iron analysis were higher in wild-type men than in wild-type women (p0.05). Conclusions: This is the first study to show the frequency of the three hemochromatosis gene variants in the northwest region of Argentina, and to determine that the H63D mutation was the most prevalent. This HFE mutation did not result in significant biochemical iron overload.Fil: Monaco, Maria Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez Asensio, Natalia Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Bioquímica Clinica Aplicada. Cátedra de Bioquímica Clinica I; ArgentinaFil: Haro, Ana Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Bioquímica Clinica Aplicada. Cátedra de Bioquímica Clinica I; ArgentinaFil: Teran, Magdalena María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Bioquímica Clinica Aplicada. Cátedra de Bioquímica Clinica I; ArgentinaFil: Ledesma Achem, Myriam Emilia. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Bioquímica Clinica Aplicada. Cátedra de Bioquímica Clinica I; ArgentinaFil: Isse, Blanca Alicia de Los Angeles G.. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Bioquímica Clinica Aplicada. Cátedra de Bioquímica Clinica I; ArgentinaFil: Lazarte, Sandra Stella. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Bioquímica Clinica Aplicada. Cátedra de Bioquímica Clinica I; Argentin

Father's occupational exposure to carcinogenic agents and childhood acute leukemia: a new method to assess exposure (a case-control study)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Medical research has not been able to establish whether a father's occupational exposures are associated with the development of acute leukemia (AL) in their offspring. The studies conducted have weaknesses that have generated a misclassification of such exposure. Occupations and exposures to substances associated with childhood cancer are not very frequently encountered in the general population; thus, the reported risks are both inconsistent and inaccurate. In this study, to assess exposure we used a new method, an exposure index, which took into consideration the industrial branch, specific position, use of protective equipment, substances at work, degree of contact with such substances, and time of exposure. This index allowed us to obtain a grade, which permitted the identification of individuals according to their level of exposure to known or potentially carcinogenic agents that are not necessarily specifically identified as risk factors for leukemia. The aim of this study was to determine the association between a father's occupational exposure to carcinogenic agents and the presence of AL in their offspring.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From 1999 to 2000, a case-control study was performed with 193 children who reside in Mexico City and had been diagnosed with AL. The initial sample-size calculation was 150 children per group, assessed with an expected odds ratio (OR) of three and a minimum exposure frequency of 15.8%. These children were matched by age, sex, and institution with 193 pediatric surgical patients at secondary-care hospitals. A questionnaire was used to determine each child's background and the characteristics of the father's occupation(s). In order to determine the level of exposure to carcinogenic agents, a previously validated exposure index (occupational exposure index, OEI) was used. The consistency and validity of the index were assessed by a questionnaire comparison, the sensory recognition of the work area, and an expert's opinion.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The adjusted ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 1.69 (0.98, 2.92) during the preconception period; 1.98 (1.13, 3.45) during the index pregnancy; 2.11 (1.17, 3.78) during breastfeeding period; 2.17 (1.28, 3.66) after birth; and 2.06 (1.24, 3.42) for global exposure.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This is the first study in which an OEI was used to assess a father's occupational exposure to carcinogenic agents as a risk factor for the development of childhood AL in his offspring. From our results, we conclude that children whose fathers have been exposed to a high level of carcinogenic agents seem to have a greater risk of developing acute leukemia. However, confounding factors cannot be disregarded due to an incomplete control for confounding.</p

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p &lt; 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Inclusión laboral de personas con síndrome de down.

Identificó los obstáculos que afectan a las personas con capacidad intelectual diferente, Síndrome de Down, en el ámbito laboral en el departamento de Guatemala. Determinó los obstáculos que enfrentan las personas con capacidad intelectual diferente en el ámbito laboral. Caracterizó las empresas con programas de inclusión laboral para personas con Síndrome de Down, Identificó si sufrieron algún tipo de discriminación. Determinó el tipo de trabajo que realizaban en el ámbito laboral. El proyecto se realizó en el departamento de Guatemala en los meses de abril y mayo del 2014. La muestra estuvo integrada por 20 personas que se encuentran laborando actualmente en empresas o instituciones ubicadas dentro del perímetro del departamento de Guatemala. Las técnicas de recolección de datos que se utilizaron fueron: entrevista individual dirigida y la encuesta, que fueron los instrumentos que permitieron obtener la información necesaria. Las empresas que se identificaron fueron: a) bancarias; b) de vestuario; y c) de alimentación. La caracterización, se identificó que las principales labores que realizan las personas con Síndrome de Down son de 3 tipos: 1) Mensajería; 2) Conserjería; y 3) Panaderí