Averbação da reserva legal florestal : limitação administrativa ao uso da propriedade rural e expressão de princípios cardeais do direito brasileiro

Trata-se de jurisprudência comentada.Comenta decisão sobre averbação da reserva legal florestal. Discute sua aplicação somente às áreas que possuem áreas de floresta, discorrendo também sobre a efetivação da reserva legal em prol da utilização racional e produtiva da propriedade rural

O aspecto imaterial e a transindividualidade do direito a um meio ambiente dignificante como justificativas para o reconhecimento do dano ambiental coletivo extrapatrimonial

Trata-se de jurisprudência comentada.Comenta recurso especial interposto pelo Ministério Público de Minas Gerais, contra acórdão proferido pelo Tribunal de Justiça do mesmo Estado, visando a interrupção de obras irregulares de parcelamento de solo, para fins urbanos, e à reparação por danos materiais e extrapatrimoniais causados ao meio ambiente

Evolução estratégica da Aliança Atlântica

Consequência dos acontecimentos recentes que começaram com a queda do Muro de Berlim em 1989 e a desintegração da União Soviética, em 1991, processaram-se grandes transformações na Europa Central e Oriental e chegou-se ao fim da Guerra Fria, o que tornou necessário proceder a significativas transformações da estratégia da Aliança Atlântica. Assim, surgiu um novo Conceito Estratégico, adoptado em Roma em 1991, que mantendo como pedra basilar a Defesa Colectiva, introduz novos conceitos baseados no diálogo e cooperação. Estas transformações tiveram consequências profundas no dimensionamento da estrutura das forças convencionais e nucleares da Aliança, na sua prontidão e no seu dispositivo. Foram consignadas à OTAN novas missões e desenvolvidos outros conceitos, como o CJTF e o IESD, o que no conjunto tornou evidente a necessidade de uma adaptação da estrutura de comando a esta nova realidade

O poder de decisão na OTAN

As consultas entre os membros da Aliança são efectuadas em diversos fora, mas as reuniões políticas mais importantes são as do NAC, visto que ali são tomadas as decisões de mais alto nível. Quando os assuntos envolvem o eventual emprego de forças militares, o Comité Militar e os comandantes estratégicos – responsáveis perante o Comité Militar pela conduta dos referidos assuntos, de acordo com as directivas dele dimanadas – prestam ao NAC aconselhamento especializado. O planeamento operacional é elaborado no NAC e sujeito à apreciação das nações, que o devolvem ao NAC para aprovação final. Uma vez aprovados, os planos são implementados pelas nações interessadas após recepção do competente aviso de activação, considerando-se que o processo está completo quando se efectivar a transferência da autoridade sobre as forças para os MNC’s. De entre os vários Anexos dos Planos e Ordens de Operações, deve destacar-se o relativo às Regras de Empenhamento – directivas dimanadas da autoridade militar competente, onde se especificam as circunstâncias e as limitações de utilização das forças durante as operações militares. No caso particular da Bósnia e depois de devidamente mandatado pelas NU, o NAC estabeleceu orientações claras às autoridades militares da Aliança sobre os objectivos políticos da operação, cabendo ao SACEUR fixar o conceito operacional e a estrutura, a dimensão e a composição das forças, entre outros requisitos relevantes

Examining the Socioeconomic Benefits of Oysters: A Provisioning Ecosystem Service from the Mangroves of Guinea-Bissau, West Africa

In Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, extensive patches of mangrove provide important resources for the subsistence of local populations. The objective of this work was to assess the relevance of oyster harvesting, consumption, and trade for local communities. For that purpose, a qualitative approach derived from rural diagnostic methodologies was applied in two coastal protected areas where extensive areas of mangrove are present. Ten animal species were found to be collected there by women, both for household consumption and for sale. The oyster, Crassostrea tulipa is the only species harvested in all the 12 inquired villages and, by far, the most available in local markets. Three types of oyster products are commercialized—fresh oysters with shell, fresh oysters without shell, and dry oysters—with the latter being the most traded and valued. These products are marketed in the villages, in local markets, and in the capital, Bissau, as well as exported to Senegal. The harvesting of oysters is practised during 20 weeks per year, providing households with an average annual income of 580–595€. This income, which represents a large proportion of the yearly income, is mostly managed by women and is used to cover basic family expenses, namely, to meet the needs of children. This study uncovers the socioeconomic benefits derived from a specific mangrove ecosystem service, which is directly used by coastal human communities, and highlights the importance of oysters for food security, for empowering women, and for securing household incomes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Contribuição para o estudo da composição química qualitativa de cálculos urinários na espécie canina

The author present the result of the qualitative chemical composition of the urinary calculy in the canine species. The observations are referring to 85 urinary calculy obtained from animals attended at the ambulatory of the surgical clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of São Paulo’s University. Those animals were of different sexes, races, sizes and of age varying between 2 and 16 years. After verifying the lack of studies referring to the chemical composition of urinary calculy of dogs in Brazil, the author present bibliographical review about this matter as well as the technical analysis used. He compares the results obtained with those from foreign authors and comes to the following clues: 1 — The calculy compound of phosphates are the most commons. The percentage is 65,8% of magnesium ammonium phosphate (triple phosphate), and 35,2% of calcium and magnesium phosphate (amorphus phosphate). 2 — Follow in frequence the calculy compound of oxalates in the proportion of 45,8%, greater as the mentioned by other authors. 3 — The presence of cholesterol in the analysis of urinary calculy of the dogs, 29,5%, is very different from the observation made by other authors which, except one, do not mentioned it. 4 — The fibrine, element not mentioned by the authors was observed in 34,1% of the calculy. 5 — Cystine, uric acid and urates are observed by authors relatively often, but were not present in the calculy studied by us.O artigo apresenta resumo em inglês

Contributions to legal protection of geological heritage in Brazil: Places and Special Areas of Touristic Interest as spaces of geoconservation.

This paper aims to present the Special Areas of Touristic Interest and Places of Touristic Interest, provided for Brazilian environmental legislation, as useful for the institution and operation of spaces for geoconservation. These legal instruments are conceptualized, characterized, and correlated to the management goals of protection and touristic enjoyment of the Brazilian geological diversity

Transporte marítimo de hidrocarbonetos: adequabilidade da frota brasileira a legislação ambiental

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção

Osteology of the feeding apparatus of Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens and Brown Booby Sula leucogaster (Aves: Suliformes)

In this paper, we describe the skulls of Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens (Fregatidae) and Brown Booby (Sulidae) Sula leucogaster, with focus on the structures associated with the Musculi mandibulae. We discuss the results in the context of the feeding biology of the two species, which feed mainly on flying fish and squids. Frigatebirds capture prey from just above, or just below, the water surface in flight. The hook-shaped Apex maxillae in F. magnificens can be viewed as an adaptation for grasping prey from near the water surface. Boobies catch prey by plunging; thus, the dorsoventrally flattened skull and conical bill of S. leucogaster may reduce water resistance when it dives, or swims underwater. The bill is long in both species, such that it is on average 70% of the whole skull length in F. magnificens and 60% in S. leucogaster. Consequently, the Mm. mandibulae in the two species are more posteriorly positioned relative to the Apex rostri. This results in low mechanical advantage for the mandible opening-closing lever, indicating adaptations for a fast, rather than a strong, bite. Fast-moving mandibles would be advantageous for ‘mandibulating’ prey while swallowing. The Fossa musculorum temporalium and the Palatum osseum in both species provide a broad area for origins of the Musculus adductor mandibulae externus (all parts) and the Musculus pterygoideus. The Processus orbitalis quadrati is longer and thicker in F. magnificens than in S. leucogaster, and so is the Musculus pseudotemporalis profundus. We suggest that Mm. adductores mandibulae are relatively well developed in the two species; therefore, their mandibulae are still probably capable of a powerful adduction. In both species there is a mechanisms that contribute to protect the jaws from disarticulation and damage. Such mechanism involves the incorporation of a ‘flange-like’ Crista intercotylare on the Margo medialis cotylae medialis fossae articularis quadratica that grips the Condylus medialis quadrati. In S. leucogaster, the retractor-stop ‘notch’ formed by Ossa lacrimale et nasale also serves to protect the jaws against sudden external forces when birds are diving or swimming underwater for prey. A more detailed hypothesis for the jaw movements and strength in F. magnificens and in S. leucogaster and their relation with feeding habits should necessarily incorporate data on the jaw and anterior neck musculatures

Feto mumificado em uma cadela com piometra

It is reported a case of a bitch presenting fetal mummification in the abdominal cavity concomitant with pyometra, being considered an uncommon finding at veterinary literature. The animal was treated surgically with absolute success.Relato de caso de uma cadela que apresentava feto mumificado concomitantemente com piometra; quadro incomum na literatura veterinária. O animal foi tratado cirurgicamente com absoluto suceosso