Improved Useage of Recycled Board in Corrugating Medium

Research was conducted to determine the optimum furnish of corrugating medium with the intentions of increasing the amount of recycled fiber in this furnish. Furnishes were made up of various ratios of a recycled fiber source to a virgin fiber source, along with three different levels of refining. A starch additive was also used on a second set of these groups to help increase some of the properties by increasing the interfiber bonding. The results indicated that increased recycled fiber produced the sheet with the optimum conditions. Also, with an addition of starch as a dry strength additive, the results improved even better than the non starch samples

Organization of international market introduction: Can cooperation between central units and local product management influence success

When organizing international market introductions multinational companies face coordination problems between the leading central organizational unit and local product management. Based on the assumption that international market introductions are initiated and managed by a central unit we examine the impact of cooperation between the central unit and local product management on success. Our survey of 51 international market introductions reveals that the quality of the cooperation with local product management indeed has a positive influence on success. Yet cooperation itself is not sufficient - to make international market introductions successful local product management needs to be actively involved in the decision making process as well. --

Interstellar Dust in the Solar System: Model versus In-Situ Spacecraft Data

In the early 1990s, contemporary interstellar dust penetrating deep into the heliosphere was identified with the in-situ dust detector on board the Ulysses spacecraft. Later on, interstellar dust was also identified in the data sets measured with dust instruments on board Galileo, Cassini and Helios. Ulysses monitored the interstellar dust stream at high ecliptic latitudes for about 16 years. The three other spacecraft data sets were obtained in the ecliptic plane and cover much shorter time intervals.We compare in-situ interstellar dust measurements obtained with these four spacecrafts, published in the literature, with predictions of a state-of-the-art model for the dynamics of interstellar dust in the inner solar system (Interplanetary Meteoroid environment for EXploration, IMEX), in order to test the reliability of the model predictions. Micrometer and sub-micrometer sized dust particles are subject to solar gravity and radiation pressure as well as to the Lorentz force on a charged dust particle moving through the Interplanetary Magnetic Field. The IMEX model was calibrated with the Ulysses interstellar dust measurements and includes these relevant forces. We study the time-resolved flux and mass distribution of interstellar dust in the solar system. The IMEX model agrees with the spacecraft measurements within a factor of 2 to 3, also for time intervals and spatial regions not covered by the original model calibration with the Ulysses data set. It usually underestimates the dust fluxes measured by the space missions which were not used for the model calibration, i.e. Galileo, Cassini and Helios. IMEX is a unique time-dependent model for the prediction of interstellar dust fluxes and mass distributions for the inner and outer solar system. The model is suited to study dust detection conditions for past and future space missions.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl

Fish farming in Grado Lagoon: impacts and dynamics of two fishfarms

La vallicoltura è una pratica ampiamente diffusa nelle lagune dell’Alto Adriatico, legata alla loro particolare natura fisica e all’elevata disponibilità trofica. Nella laguna di Grado essa viene praticata in modo estensivo o parzialmente integrato, cioè subordinando, totalmente o quasi, l’accrescimento del prodotto ittico alla naturale produttività dell’habitat acquatico. Lo studio proposto è stato condotto con frequenza mensile nei mesi di luglio, novembre, dicembre 2004 e gennaio 2005 e, a cadenza quindicinnale, nei mesi di agosto, settembre ed ottobre 2004, febbraio e marzo 2005, in due valli, l’Ara Storta e la Noghera, tra loro molto diverse e in grado di fornire una buona rappresentatività dell’impatto di tale attività sull’ecosistema lagunare. Sono stati monitorati i principali nutrienti (NO2 –, NO3 –, NH4 +, PO4 – e SiO2), la temperatura e la salinità. Dal punto di vista biologico si è voluto focalizzare l’attenzione sulla componente fitoplanctonica, la cui importanza quale indicatore dello stato di qualità delle acque è stata recentemente ribadita dalla Direttiva 2000/60 della Comunità Europea. La parte di elaborazione statistica, avvalendosi anche dei dati ARPA-FVG relativi ai parametri chimico-fisici monitorati nelle stazioni lagunari esterne alle valli, è consistita nella classificazione gerarchica delle stazioni di campionamento e nell’analisi delle componenti principali (PCA) per l’ordinamento delle stesse.Fish farming is a widely diffused activity in Norther Adriatic lagoons, and it is related to their peculiar geomorfological characteristics and to the high trophic availability. In the Grado Lagoon, fish farming is carried out extensively or with partially integrated methods. This means that fish growing is totally or nearly totally subordinated to the natural productivity of the lagoonal environment. During this study, data collection was carried out once per month in July 2004 and in the period November-January 2005, and twice per month in the period August- October 2004 and February-March 2005. The study area was located in two fish farms, Ara Storta and Noghera. Such farms are characterised by very diverse conditions, and thus are particularly indicated to give a good range of potential impacts of fish farming activities on the lagoonal ecosystem. The main nutrients have been monitored (NO2 –, NO3 –, NH4 +, PO4 – e SiO2), together with temperature and salinity. The biological investigations were focused on the phytoplancton, whose relevance as an indicator of water quality has been recently recognised also by the EU Water Framework Directive 2000/60. The data obtained from the study sites and from ARPA-FVG chemical-physical data collected in several lagoonal sites out of the farms were hierarchically classified, and a PCA statistical analysis was performed in order to rank the different classes obtained

Simulación en lenguaje SIMUSOL del funcionamiento de estufas de tabaco tipo bulk curing

Se presentan los resultados del desarrollo de un modelo de simulación térmica para estufas de tabaco Bulk Curing en lenguaje SIMUSOL. A través de la separación en tres circuitos: térmico, de masa, e intercambiador-quemador; fueron simuladas las etapas del curado de tabaco correspondientes al amarillamiento y al secado de nervadura. Estas etapas fueron elegidas al representar mesetas térmicas, siendo omitida la rampa específica de deshidratado. Como variables de salida se solicitaron las temperaturas en el interior de la cámara de secado y los flujos del quemador. El ajuste del modelo propuesto fue verificado comparando los resultados con datos obtenidos empíricamente. A continuación se evaluaron medidas de ahorro energético como inclusión de aislación térmica basal y reducción de puentes térmicos; y la incorporación de un sistema solar de precalentamiento de aire. Los ahorros simulados rondan el 20%; resta incorporar las etapas faltantes logrando simular el proceso completo.Fil: Altobelli, Fabiana Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones En Energía No Convencional; ArgentinaFil: Condori, Miguel Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones En Energía No Convencional; ArgentinaFil: Durán, Gonzalo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones En Energía No Convencional; Argentin

Country-of-origin effects in industrial goods markets: Do country-of-origin image effects differ for different buying center members?

Most of the past findings regarding COO (country-of-origin) effects refer to consumer decision-making. While their purchase decisions are taken by the consumers themselves individually, industrial purchases are mostly conducted by organizational buying centers. This raises the question if and to what extent the impact of COO effects varies between the different members of a buying center - an issue unaddressed in research so far. Based on construal level theory we answer this question by applying a multiple mediation analysis to the empirical data, which we collected through interviews at a truck trade show. Main findings confirm the general relevance of COO effects for the purchase decision making for these industrial goods. However, the significance of this COO effect was found to be of lesser importance for product users than for non-users. On the basis of our findings, practitioners can achieve higher marketing impact through the differentiation of their marketing activities

Automatización de estufas de tabaco tipo bulk curing, ensayos a escala de laboratorio

Se presentan los resultados del diseño y ensayo de un sistema de automatización de una estufa de tabaco Bulk Curing a escala de laboratorio. Una de las mayores dificultades de plantear la incorporación de energías alternativas en sistemas híbridos industriales está asociada a aspectos de regulación e intervención. Mediante el uso de un controlador lógico programable (PLC), se automatizó el proceso con control de temperaturas del interior de la cámara y apertura y cierre de compuertas de ingreso de aire. Los primeros ensayos demostraron gran robustez para completar las etapas requeridas. Dicho sistema de automatización fue añadido a un prototipo mejorado de estufa con aislación térmica basal y reducción de puentes térmicos. Una vez que se comprobó el funcionamiento adecuado del mismo, se incorporó un colector solar de agua para aporte térmico mediante losa radiante. A través del control del bombeo de agua en el sistema auxiliar de calentamiento se lograron ahorros energéticos del orden del 25%.Fil: Altobelli, Fabiana Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones En Energía No Convencional; ArgentinaFil: Condori, Miguel Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones En Energía No Convencional; ArgentinaFil: Sorrentino, Claudio Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; Argentin

Organization of international market introduction: Can cooperation between central units and local product management influence success

When organizing international market introductions multinational companies face coordination problems between the leading central organizational unit and local product management. Based on the assumption that international market introductions are initiated and managed by a central unit we examine the impact of cooperation between the central unit and local product management on success. Our survey of 51 international market introductions reveals that the quality of the cooperation with local product management indeed has a positive influence on success. Yet cooperation itself is not sufficient - to make international market introductions successful local product management needs to be actively involved in the decision making process as well

Determinación de pérdidas térmicas estructurales en estufas de tabaco tipo Bulk-curing en la provincia de Salta

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos al evaluar las pérdidas térmicas estructurales de una estufa de curado de tabaco de tipo bulk-curing, ubicada en la provincia de Salta. Este trabajo constituye una continuación de trabajos previos realizados en este tipo de dispositivos. Se dividieron en cuatro las superficies de análisis: techo, paredes, mampostería basal y suelo. En cada superficie se registraron los valores de temperatura durante una campaña de secado. Con los datos del monitoreo pudieron confirmarse y cuantificarse las pérdidas térmicas. Como puntos de especial interés se destacan el suelo y la mampostería, donde la carencia de aislación es la principal causa de las mencionadas pérdidas. Estas superficies representan, por lo tanto, los aspectos a mejorar para lograr un ahorro en el consumo de energía y una mejora en la eficiencia con la que se encuentran actualmente trabajando estas estufas.The results obtained from the assessment of structural thermal losses of a tobacco bulk-curing type barn, are presented. This paper is a resume of previous studies done with these drying devices. Four surfaces of interest were defined: floor, masonry basement, walls and roof. Temperature values were recorded for each surface during a drying season. With these monitored data it could be confirmed and quantified the thermal losses of the barn. As points of special interest it comes up the floor and the basement masonry where the lack of insulation can be considered as the main cause of the aforementioned losses. These surfaces in turn represent areas for improvement to achieve savings in energy consumption and an improvement in the efficiency of these tobacco barns.Fil: Altobelli, Fabiana Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Condori, Miguel Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Durán, Gonzalo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Diaz Russo, Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentin

Análisis de escenarios para evaluar la implementación de medidas de ahorro energético en el sector tabacalero de la provincia de Salta

En la Provincia de Salta, la producción de tabaco constituye una las principales actividades económicas,posee un elevado consumo energético y es susceptible de mejoras.En el marco del paradigma de la sustentabilidad en la actividad mencionada cobran relevancia la eficiencia energética y la incorporación de energías renovables en la actividad. El presente trabajo se propone evaluar el impacto de dos estrategias de ahorro energético para el sistema de producción de tabaco en la Provincia de Salta, a partir de análisis de escenarios prospectivos. Las estrategias de mejora se validaron mediante consulta a los actores involucrados en la temática y para la construcción de escenarios se utilizó el software LEAP. Los indicadores energéticos y ambientales demuestran que de no implementarse estrategias de ahorro energético los impactos acumulados (estimados a parir de la huella de carbono) alcanzaran las 1.417,214 Millones de Toneladas de CO2eq. En este sentido el incremento de la demanda energética a futuro puede acrecentar los conflictos sociales derivados del costo de oportunidad del recurso y generar externalidades. Por ello resulta primordial llevar a cabo un proceso de planificación energética, en el cual se integre al sector tabacalero.Fil: Cruz, Ileana Gimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones En Energía No Convencional; ArgentinaFil: Altobelli, Fabiana Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones En Energía No Convencional; ArgentinaFil: Condori, Miguel Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones En Energía No Convencional; ArgentinaFil: Sauad, Juan Jose. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad De Ciencias Naturales. Instituto Geonorte; Argentin