Improved Useage of Recycled Board in Corrugating Medium

Research was conducted to determine the optimum furnish of corrugating medium with the intentions of increasing the amount of recycled fiber in this furnish. Furnishes were made up of various ratios of a recycled fiber source to a virgin fiber source, along with three different levels of refining. A starch additive was also used on a second set of these groups to help increase some of the properties by increasing the interfiber bonding. The results indicated that increased recycled fiber produced the sheet with the optimum conditions. Also, with an addition of starch as a dry strength additive, the results improved even better than the non starch samples

Improving cervical cancer screening in Baltic, central, and eastern European countries

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Examining U.S. Policy Makers\u27 Conceptions of Liberty in Drafting the Affordable Care Act

The U.S. legislators may have incorrectly incorporated outlooks on liberty and natural law associated with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010. The purpose of this case study was to use Kersch\u27s conceptualization of declarationism and Hayek & Kamowy\u27s construct of socialism to examine whether the ACA incorporates principles associated with the natural right of liberty as promoted by the Founders of the United States. The central research question that guided this study investigated whether U.S. lawmakers followed the intentions of the Founders in passing the ACA, as demonstrated in the legislation, related bureaucratic reports, and court cases. Data for this study consisted of seminal and foundational document such as the Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution, public law, and publicly available government documents related to the enactment and implementation of the ACA. These data were deductively coded and subjected to a thematic analysis. Findings indicate there was evidence of partisanship in the bill drafting process, possible violations of parliamentary procedure, and judicial activism. The positive social change implications of this study include recommendations to policy makers to remain diligent and cognizant of the risks of drifting from the principles of liberal, constitutional democracy. Doing so may promote more equitable and efficient implementation of landmark and controversial public policy

Organization of international market introduction: Can cooperation between central units and local product management influence success

When organizing international market introductions multinational companies face coordination problems between the leading central organizational unit and local product management. Based on the assumption that international market introductions are initiated and managed by a central unit we examine the impact of cooperation between the central unit and local product management on success. Our survey of 51 international market introductions reveals that the quality of the cooperation with local product management indeed has a positive influence on success. Yet cooperation itself is not sufficient - to make international market introductions successful local product management needs to be actively involved in the decision making process as well. --

Nest-Site Selection and Neonate Survival of Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) in Michigan’s Northern Lower Peninsula

Turtles (Order Testudines) are experiencing global declines largely due to anthropogenic influences such as habitat fragmentation, illegal collection and sales, and the threat of global climate change. Removal of individuals from the adult age-classes means there is now a greater need to understand the survival of neonate and juvenile turtle age-classes. In this study I examined a population of eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) at the northern limit of their range in Michigan’s lower peninsula. The objectives of my thesis were 1. to determine the microhabitat factors that influence nestsite selection by female box turtles and how selected microhabitat and environmental factors affect box turtle nest success and 2. create known-fate annual survival estimates for hatchling box turtles through the first year of life. Box turtles select nest sites with a higher percent of bare soil and lower amounts of understory vegetation compared to random sites and avoid nesting on north facing slopes. Larger clutch sizes as well as a lower percent of bare soil at the nest site increased the probability of nest success. Depredation and exposure to suboptimal environmental conditions were the primary sources of neonate mortality from 2013-2015, and annual survival estimates for neonate box turtles predicted survival to decrease through the first year of life with a steep drop in the probability of survival from nest emergence in the fall, before leveling off at 50% for overwintering (day 50 = .503; SE = 0.067), then gradually decreasing again with spring emergence till reaching 0% survival short of the 1 year mark (day 335 = 0.0). Similar studies should be conducted across the geographic range of Eastern Box Turtles to better understand the major threats to the survival of other box turtle populations

Interstellar Dust in the Solar System: Model versus In-Situ Spacecraft Data

In the early 1990s, contemporary interstellar dust penetrating deep into the heliosphere was identified with the in-situ dust detector on board the Ulysses spacecraft. Later on, interstellar dust was also identified in the data sets measured with dust instruments on board Galileo, Cassini and Helios. Ulysses monitored the interstellar dust stream at high ecliptic latitudes for about 16 years. The three other spacecraft data sets were obtained in the ecliptic plane and cover much shorter time intervals.We compare in-situ interstellar dust measurements obtained with these four spacecrafts, published in the literature, with predictions of a state-of-the-art model for the dynamics of interstellar dust in the inner solar system (Interplanetary Meteoroid environment for EXploration, IMEX), in order to test the reliability of the model predictions. Micrometer and sub-micrometer sized dust particles are subject to solar gravity and radiation pressure as well as to the Lorentz force on a charged dust particle moving through the Interplanetary Magnetic Field. The IMEX model was calibrated with the Ulysses interstellar dust measurements and includes these relevant forces. We study the time-resolved flux and mass distribution of interstellar dust in the solar system. The IMEX model agrees with the spacecraft measurements within a factor of 2 to 3, also for time intervals and spatial regions not covered by the original model calibration with the Ulysses data set. It usually underestimates the dust fluxes measured by the space missions which were not used for the model calibration, i.e. Galileo, Cassini and Helios. IMEX is a unique time-dependent model for the prediction of interstellar dust fluxes and mass distributions for the inner and outer solar system. The model is suited to study dust detection conditions for past and future space missions.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl

Fish farming in Grado Lagoon: impacts and dynamics of two fishfarms

La vallicoltura è una pratica ampiamente diffusa nelle lagune dell’Alto Adriatico, legata alla loro particolare natura fisica e all’elevata disponibilità trofica. Nella laguna di Grado essa viene praticata in modo estensivo o parzialmente integrato, cioè subordinando, totalmente o quasi, l’accrescimento del prodotto ittico alla naturale produttività dell’habitat acquatico. Lo studio proposto è stato condotto con frequenza mensile nei mesi di luglio, novembre, dicembre 2004 e gennaio 2005 e, a cadenza quindicinnale, nei mesi di agosto, settembre ed ottobre 2004, febbraio e marzo 2005, in due valli, l’Ara Storta e la Noghera, tra loro molto diverse e in grado di fornire una buona rappresentatività dell’impatto di tale attività sull’ecosistema lagunare. Sono stati monitorati i principali nutrienti (NO2 –, NO3 –, NH4 +, PO4 – e SiO2), la temperatura e la salinità. Dal punto di vista biologico si è voluto focalizzare l’attenzione sulla componente fitoplanctonica, la cui importanza quale indicatore dello stato di qualità delle acque è stata recentemente ribadita dalla Direttiva 2000/60 della Comunità Europea. La parte di elaborazione statistica, avvalendosi anche dei dati ARPA-FVG relativi ai parametri chimico-fisici monitorati nelle stazioni lagunari esterne alle valli, è consistita nella classificazione gerarchica delle stazioni di campionamento e nell’analisi delle componenti principali (PCA) per l’ordinamento delle stesse.Fish farming is a widely diffused activity in Norther Adriatic lagoons, and it is related to their peculiar geomorfological characteristics and to the high trophic availability. In the Grado Lagoon, fish farming is carried out extensively or with partially integrated methods. This means that fish growing is totally or nearly totally subordinated to the natural productivity of the lagoonal environment. During this study, data collection was carried out once per month in July 2004 and in the period November-January 2005, and twice per month in the period August- October 2004 and February-March 2005. The study area was located in two fish farms, Ara Storta and Noghera. Such farms are characterised by very diverse conditions, and thus are particularly indicated to give a good range of potential impacts of fish farming activities on the lagoonal ecosystem. The main nutrients have been monitored (NO2 –, NO3 –, NH4 +, PO4 – e SiO2), together with temperature and salinity. The biological investigations were focused on the phytoplancton, whose relevance as an indicator of water quality has been recently recognised also by the EU Water Framework Directive 2000/60. The data obtained from the study sites and from ARPA-FVG chemical-physical data collected in several lagoonal sites out of the farms were hierarchically classified, and a PCA statistical analysis was performed in order to rank the different classes obtained

Calretinin distribution in the octopus brain: an immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization histochemical analysis

The distribution of calretinin containing neurons examined by in situ hybridization mapping was compared with that obtained by immunocytochemistry in the brain of octopus. Results revealed a close correspondence between the two types of investigations. Western blot analysis disclosed a 29 kDa protein immunostained with anti-calretinin antibody. Calretinin containing neurons were localized mainly in the cortex of octopus lobes, including the vertical, frontal, basal, buccal, palliovisceral, pedal and branchial, with variations of staining intensity and density of immunoreactive cells. The amacrine cells surrounding calretinin containing neuronal bodies of the cortex were also labeled unlike the glial cells. The close correspondence of blotting analysis, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization indicates with no doubt that calretinin, like other calcium-binding proteins previously studied, is also present in the nervous system of cephalopods. Furthermore, although recent findings localize calretinin also in endocrine glands, the presence of this calcium-binding protein in the brain of octopus indicates that calretinin appeared early in the phylogeny as a neuronal protein already in invertebrates